Therapists in Girard, OH

Photo of Karissa Egnacheski, LPC Intern in Girard, OH
Karissa Egnacheski
LPC Intern, CT
Verified Verified
Girard, OH 44420
I understand that reaching out for help can be difficult, but I want you to know that seeking counseling services is a brave and courageous step. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or any other mental health problem, I am here to listen, support, and guide you as you pursue your healing journey. I collaborate with clients ages seven and up who are struggling with a mental health concern or a phase of life challenge.
I understand that reaching out for help can be difficult, but I want you to know that seeking counseling services is a brave and courageous step. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or any other mental health problem, I am here to listen, support, and guide you as you pursue your healing journey. I collaborate with clients ages seven and up who are struggling with a mental health concern or a phase of life challenge.
(234) 386-4489 View (234) 386-4489
Photo of Kimberly Edenfield Kuneli, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Girard, OH
Kimberly Edenfield Kuneli
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, CIMHP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Girard, OH 44420
If you find yourself suffering from current or past emotional hurts or distress, or feel trapped by life transitions, frustrations, or relationship conflicts, know that there is hope! Together we can work to gain insight, develop coping strategies, and ultimately find healing. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or other difficulties, I am ready to come alongside you on your journey to support and encourage you as we search to find the answers. We will strive for your personal growth and well-being, building upon our therapeutic relationship, while focusing on your strengths. Consider the possibilities!
If you find yourself suffering from current or past emotional hurts or distress, or feel trapped by life transitions, frustrations, or relationship conflicts, know that there is hope! Together we can work to gain insight, develop coping strategies, and ultimately find healing. Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma, or other difficulties, I am ready to come alongside you on your journey to support and encourage you as we search to find the answers. We will strive for your personal growth and well-being, building upon our therapeutic relationship, while focusing on your strengths. Consider the possibilities!
(330) 403-8141 View (330) 403-8141
Photo of Gabrielle D. Blake, Licensed Professional Counselor in Girard, OH
Gabrielle D. Blake
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Girard, OH 44420  (Online Only)
Thank you for your interest in exploring your mental health with me. It is my life's purpose to facilitate a safe space for people to heal. In therapy, we can explore various treatment modalities (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behaivioral Therapy, Narrative, Existential, etc) and we can colloborate on your treatment goals. I would like to assist in empowering you to heal trauma and symptoms that are hindering you from thriving. I love to incorporate spirituality into sessions and believe that this allows for wholistic healing. If you are overwhelmed and struggling- therapy is a place you can come to find rest.
Thank you for your interest in exploring your mental health with me. It is my life's purpose to facilitate a safe space for people to heal. In therapy, we can explore various treatment modalities (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behaivioral Therapy, Narrative, Existential, etc) and we can colloborate on your treatment goals. I would like to assist in empowering you to heal trauma and symptoms that are hindering you from thriving. I love to incorporate spirituality into sessions and believe that this allows for wholistic healing. If you are overwhelmed and struggling- therapy is a place you can come to find rest.
(234) 219-2151 View (234) 219-2151
Photo of Christian Counseling Associates of Eastern Ohio, Counselor in Girard, OH
Christian Counseling Associates of Eastern Ohio
Counselor
Verified Verified
Girard, OH 44420
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
Christian Counseling Associates (CCA) provides individual, marriage, and family counseling. We serve Christians who want their faith integrated into the counseling process and those holding any beliefs or attitudes toward spirituality. Our counselors will help you identify the core issues that have caused your emotional and personal problems, and immediately develop strategies to resolve these issues. CCA is able to provide a full range of clinical services. Please visit our website for a complete description of our faith based counseling services, locations, and counseling staff.
(330) 542-6262 View (330) 542-6262

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Dr. Kearisten Gaines, Psychologist in Girard, OH
Dr. Kearisten Gaines
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Youngstown, OH 44512
Hello and welcome, I am so glad you are here! I am Dr. Kearisten Gaines, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in Ohio. Taking the first step towards therapy can be difficult. That is why when working with clients my goal is to always create a compassionate, safe, and judgement free atmosphere. This allows me to work in collaboration with my clients, as I believe they are the experts of their lives. Through the therapeutic process we will work together to address the difficulties you are facing, create meaningful change, and help you to feel empowered and in control of your life!
Hello and welcome, I am so glad you are here! I am Dr. Kearisten Gaines, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist in Ohio. Taking the first step towards therapy can be difficult. That is why when working with clients my goal is to always create a compassionate, safe, and judgement free atmosphere. This allows me to work in collaboration with my clients, as I believe they are the experts of their lives. Through the therapeutic process we will work together to address the difficulties you are facing, create meaningful change, and help you to feel empowered and in control of your life!
View
Photo of Kelly Younkins, Counselor in Girard, OH
Kelly Younkins
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Hubbard, OH 44425
Hi, I am Kelly and I empower you to cultivate your growth and well-being! Don't you wish you had someone to listen and help you make sense of the overwhelming thoughts, feelings, and stressors in your life, and come up with a plan of action that will help you improve your mental health?
Hi, I am Kelly and I empower you to cultivate your growth and well-being! Don't you wish you had someone to listen and help you make sense of the overwhelming thoughts, feelings, and stressors in your life, and come up with a plan of action that will help you improve your mental health?
(216) 820-9774 View (216) 820-9774
Photo of Leslie A Longo, Counselor in Girard, OH
Leslie A Longo
Counselor, PhD, LPCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44483
Counseling for Situational Issues, Anxiety, Depression, Abuse/ Trauma, Work Related Stress, Relationship Issues, Couples/ Marriage, Family, and Drug and Alcohol, etc.
Counseling for Situational Issues, Anxiety, Depression, Abuse/ Trauma, Work Related Stress, Relationship Issues, Couples/ Marriage, Family, and Drug and Alcohol, etc.
(330) 595-1552 View (330) 595-1552
Photo of Jennifer Poling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Girard, OH
Jennifer Poling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LICDC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Warren, OH 44484
I have experience working in mental health and substance use disorders and began entry level into the field in 2010. I utilize a holistic approach of therapies and modalities through experience in my training in EMDR, Motivational Interviewing techniques, CBT techniques, and Expressive Art therapies and techniques to include journaling, meditation, and visualization. I use a trauma focused approach and meet clients where they are through empathy and compassion, guide clients where they want to be in their healing process and prioritize connection to self through encouragement of self-worth and value.
I have experience working in mental health and substance use disorders and began entry level into the field in 2010. I utilize a holistic approach of therapies and modalities through experience in my training in EMDR, Motivational Interviewing techniques, CBT techniques, and Expressive Art therapies and techniques to include journaling, meditation, and visualization. I use a trauma focused approach and meet clients where they are through empathy and compassion, guide clients where they want to be in their healing process and prioritize connection to self through encouragement of self-worth and value.
(234) 224-1529 View (234) 224-1529
Photo of Allie Kidd, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Girard, OH
Allie Kidd
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44504  (Online Only)
You’re great at pretending things are fine, that you’re managing the workload that comes with being a mom and a partner. But underneath, you feel like you can’t do anything right. You try to say ‘no’ to extra tasks or invites due to the stress but the ‘no’ never seems to stick. This leaves you wondering how to get your own needs met while meeting the needs of your family. You have a pattern of prioritizing others over yourself and while you acknowledge this needs to change, it feels impossible to have your voice be heard. This leaves you feeling overwhelmed and resentful toward your family and you desperately want things to change.
You’re great at pretending things are fine, that you’re managing the workload that comes with being a mom and a partner. But underneath, you feel like you can’t do anything right. You try to say ‘no’ to extra tasks or invites due to the stress but the ‘no’ never seems to stick. This leaves you wondering how to get your own needs met while meeting the needs of your family. You have a pattern of prioritizing others over yourself and while you acknowledge this needs to change, it feels impossible to have your voice be heard. This leaves you feeling overwhelmed and resentful toward your family and you desperately want things to change.
(330) 739-8776 View (330) 739-8776
Photo of Karin J Worrell, Psychologist in Girard, OH
Karin J Worrell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44483
Providing a compassionate and trusting therapeutic relationship is a priority in treatment. I strive to guide people to develop their inner strengths and wisdom, and to release negative thought and behavioral patterns through a variety of therapeutic techniques. I am highly trauma-focused, as well as spiritually-oriented. A relaxed and non-judgmental environment is provided to all persons, regardless of culture, religion, age, economic status, sexuality, or gender. I treat all ages and all mental health concerns and collaborate with needed professionals to ensure the most effective treatment. Office hours are usually available to accommodate work and school schedules.
Providing a compassionate and trusting therapeutic relationship is a priority in treatment. I strive to guide people to develop their inner strengths and wisdom, and to release negative thought and behavioral patterns through a variety of therapeutic techniques. I am highly trauma-focused, as well as spiritually-oriented. A relaxed and non-judgmental environment is provided to all persons, regardless of culture, religion, age, economic status, sexuality, or gender. I treat all ages and all mental health concerns and collaborate with needed professionals to ensure the most effective treatment. Office hours are usually available to accommodate work and school schedules.
(330) 341-8903 View (330) 341-8903
Photo of Joshua Pontius, Counselor in Girard, OH
Joshua Pontius
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
One of my greatest joys is to help you navigate challenges that prevent you from living life to its fullest. I genuinely enjoy building healthy relationships in order to overcome some of life's most difficult issues. I strive to develop and sustain a confidential and safe environment where you feel comfortable dealing with intense emotions. I believe there are no issues too small, and no emotions too large that would discourage me from jumping into the trenches to help you sort out all that you may be wrestling with.
One of my greatest joys is to help you navigate challenges that prevent you from living life to its fullest. I genuinely enjoy building healthy relationships in order to overcome some of life's most difficult issues. I strive to develop and sustain a confidential and safe environment where you feel comfortable dealing with intense emotions. I believe there are no issues too small, and no emotions too large that would discourage me from jumping into the trenches to help you sort out all that you may be wrestling with.
(330) 944-3763 View (330) 944-3763
Photo of Kyla Spies, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Girard, OH
Kyla Spies
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Warren, OH 44483
In complex trauma things were never okay and just continued to get worse. The subtle feeling that something is not right escalates into a bulldozer of concerning or scary symptoms. You may struggle with feelings of numbness, disconnection, and emptiness. Or you may feel everything too loudly and all at once. Your best attempt at survival might be compulsive behaviors or substance use. And you might have done things that you regret. Life has not been easy for you, and now you want to stop the cycle.
In complex trauma things were never okay and just continued to get worse. The subtle feeling that something is not right escalates into a bulldozer of concerning or scary symptoms. You may struggle with feelings of numbness, disconnection, and emptiness. Or you may feel everything too loudly and all at once. Your best attempt at survival might be compulsive behaviors or substance use. And you might have done things that you regret. Life has not been easy for you, and now you want to stop the cycle.
(440) 467-3818 View (440) 467-3818
Photo of Monica Gonzalez, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Girard, OH
Monica Gonzalez
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44483  (Online Only)
You are NOT broken! Just because life gets challenging sometimes and you’re not always sure how to navigate it, doesn’t mean that you’re not good enough. We all get lost sometimes and lose perspective. We all need some guidance and support at some point throughout our lives. This is where counseling comes in!
You are NOT broken! Just because life gets challenging sometimes and you’re not always sure how to navigate it, doesn’t mean that you’re not good enough. We all get lost sometimes and lose perspective. We all need some guidance and support at some point throughout our lives. This is where counseling comes in!
(614) 662-4716 View (614) 662-4716
Photo of Paige Rota, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Girard, OH
Paige Rota
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LCDClll
Verified Verified
Niles, OH 44446  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, I'm glad you're here! Seeking therapy can sometimes be intimidating, but it doesn’t have to be that way. Together, we can work on uncovering what may be impacting your thoughts, feelings, emotions, etc. During sessions, I hope to help you feel empowered and encouraged to make positive changes in your life. My Practice is currently ran through Sonder Mind online platform. Once we establish that we are a good fit together, a link will be sent to your email and we will get started.. Let’s have a chat to see if this is a fit for you!
Hi, I'm glad you're here! Seeking therapy can sometimes be intimidating, but it doesn’t have to be that way. Together, we can work on uncovering what may be impacting your thoughts, feelings, emotions, etc. During sessions, I hope to help you feel empowered and encouraged to make positive changes in your life. My Practice is currently ran through Sonder Mind online platform. Once we establish that we are a good fit together, a link will be sent to your email and we will get started.. Let’s have a chat to see if this is a fit for you!
(330) 574-8685 View (330) 574-8685
Photo of Jennifer M. Outland, Counselor in Girard, OH
Jennifer M. Outland
Counselor, MSEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484  (Online Only)
Welcome. Choosing to see a therapist isn’t easy, and finding the right one can be even more difficult. Whether your reason for therapy is to gain support through a life transition, better manage your mental health or to seek more purpose in your life, it is my hope you will find a healing presence on your path to wellness. I am a therapist that meets you where you are at in your journey while providing reflective and supportive feedback.
Welcome. Choosing to see a therapist isn’t easy, and finding the right one can be even more difficult. Whether your reason for therapy is to gain support through a life transition, better manage your mental health or to seek more purpose in your life, it is my hope you will find a healing presence on your path to wellness. I am a therapist that meets you where you are at in your journey while providing reflective and supportive feedback.
(440) 739-7644 View (440) 739-7644
Photo of Queenie V Lathan, Counselor in Girard, OH
Queenie V Lathan
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Youngstown, OH 44507
I enjoy helping individuals uncover their true potential, and lead lives that are worth celebrating. I truly believe that no one should have to suffer in silence when help is available. Know that help and healing is possible for those struggling with depression, feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, experiencing difficulties within their relationships, and/or having difficulties letting go of past hurts. I look forward to working with you on your journey to health and wholeness. We each have a purpose and I look forward to helping you discover yours.
I enjoy helping individuals uncover their true potential, and lead lives that are worth celebrating. I truly believe that no one should have to suffer in silence when help is available. Know that help and healing is possible for those struggling with depression, feeling overwhelmed by anxiety, experiencing difficulties within their relationships, and/or having difficulties letting go of past hurts. I look forward to working with you on your journey to health and wholeness. We each have a purpose and I look forward to helping you discover yours.
(234) 200-1830 View (234) 200-1830
Photo of Betsy A. DeChant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Girard, OH
Betsy A. DeChant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S, LCSW, BCD, FAGPA
Verified Verified
Hubbard, OH 44425
I have been in full-time practice as a clinical social worker/psychotherapist since 1969, and practiced in both hospital and agency psychiatric settings as a clinician, as well as a supervisor and administrator for over 15 years, in addition to maintaining a private practice. Throughout my career, I have provided numerous national and regional training seminars and workshops for MH professionals on women's issues; treatments for the chronically mentally ill; and group psychotherapy modalities, and have also published in these areas.I have an eclectic style that encourages a flexible and collaborative therapeutic partnership which reflects the needs, goals, and personal context of the individual person. Every person needs the safety net of an affirming and compassionate relationship to explore the changes needed to bring more balance to ones life-- whether learning to integrate a synergy of mind, body, and spirit, or exploring change in the patterns of relationships and behaviors that are impeding growth.
I have been in full-time practice as a clinical social worker/psychotherapist since 1969, and practiced in both hospital and agency psychiatric settings as a clinician, as well as a supervisor and administrator for over 15 years, in addition to maintaining a private practice. Throughout my career, I have provided numerous national and regional training seminars and workshops for MH professionals on women's issues; treatments for the chronically mentally ill; and group psychotherapy modalities, and have also published in these areas.I have an eclectic style that encourages a flexible and collaborative therapeutic partnership which reflects the needs, goals, and personal context of the individual person. Every person needs the safety net of an affirming and compassionate relationship to explore the changes needed to bring more balance to ones life-- whether learning to integrate a synergy of mind, body, and spirit, or exploring change in the patterns of relationships and behaviors that are impeding growth.
(330) 685-9140 View (330) 685-9140
Photo of Beth Layman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Girard, OH
Beth Layman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICDC, LSW
Verified Verified
Warren, OH 44484
Do you feel stuck, like you're spinning your wheels and cannot gain traction? I've been there myself, and have helped many people gain the motivation they need to take the first step toward healing, while taking positive action towards health and wellness. I have been working in mental health/substance abuse treatment in a variety of settings such as detox, residential, IOP, sober living, MAT, individual counseling, criminal justice and psychiatric in-patient and outpatient centers also. I have 24 years' experience in dual diagnosis.
Do you feel stuck, like you're spinning your wheels and cannot gain traction? I've been there myself, and have helped many people gain the motivation they need to take the first step toward healing, while taking positive action towards health and wellness. I have been working in mental health/substance abuse treatment in a variety of settings such as detox, residential, IOP, sober living, MAT, individual counseling, criminal justice and psychiatric in-patient and outpatient centers also. I have 24 years' experience in dual diagnosis.
(330) 403-8889 View (330) 403-8889
Photo of Nicole Ullinskey, Counselor in Girard, OH
Nicole Ullinskey
Counselor, MEd, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Boardman, OH 44512
Not accepting new clients
Trauma can permeate every aspect of your life, leaving you feeling trapped, overwhelmed, and disconnected from yourself and others. Whether stemming from a single incident or accumulated experiences, it leaves deep emotional wounds that can hinder your ability to feel fulfilled.
Trauma can permeate every aspect of your life, leaving you feeling trapped, overwhelmed, and disconnected from yourself and others. Whether stemming from a single incident or accumulated experiences, it leaves deep emotional wounds that can hinder your ability to feel fulfilled.
View
Photo of Eternal Rock Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Girard, OH
Eternal Rock Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
Austintown, OH 44515  (Online Only)
I’m a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the state of Ohio and I am committed to helping adults, youth and families learn how to heal trauma, cope with distress, manage anger and create healthy relationships. My work focuses on targeting unhealthy thoughts, behaviors, habits, and beliefs. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to helping clients reach their goals.
I’m a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in the state of Ohio and I am committed to helping adults, youth and families learn how to heal trauma, cope with distress, manage anger and create healthy relationships. My work focuses on targeting unhealthy thoughts, behaviors, habits, and beliefs. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to helping clients reach their goals.
(330) 574-9785 View (330) 574-9785

See more therapy options for Girard

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Girard, OH

< 10

Therapists in Girard, OH who prioritize treating:

100% Relationship Issues
100% Anxiety
100% Grief
100% Stress
75% Depression
75% Addiction
75% ADHD

Average years in practice

7 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% Medicaid

How Therapists in Girard, OH see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Girard?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.