Therapists in Northbrook, IL

Photo of Richard Phelps Blue, Counselor in Northbrook, IL
Richard Phelps Blue
Counselor, EdD, LCPC, NCC, BCPPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northbrook, IL 60062
I am most effective with those who are hungry and hurting. I walk beside those who want to make sense of what is keeping them from living the lives they want. I enjoy supporting those who are seeking meaning, direction, and a sense of purpose in their lives. I equip and empower those who want more alive, dynamic and authentic relationships with themselves, others and God. I help people feel their feelings, challenge mistaken beliefs, and experience new and transformational ways of living and being. I bring understanding, encouragement, challenge and hope.
I am most effective with those who are hungry and hurting. I walk beside those who want to make sense of what is keeping them from living the lives they want. I enjoy supporting those who are seeking meaning, direction, and a sense of purpose in their lives. I equip and empower those who want more alive, dynamic and authentic relationships with themselves, others and God. I help people feel their feelings, challenge mistaken beliefs, and experience new and transformational ways of living and being. I bring understanding, encouragement, challenge and hope.
(847) 354-4055 x140 View (847) 354-4055 x140
Photo of Amanda Barr, Pre-Licensed Professional in Northbrook, IL
Amanda Barr
Pre-Licensed Professional, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northbrook, IL 60062
I believe that every person possesses innate creativity and that art can serve as a powerful tool for communication and self-exploration within the therapeutic space. As an emerging art therapist and counselor, I seek to build a collaborative and affirming relationship with my clients to encourage the journey of discovery, healing, and personal growth. I use an eclectic approach, incorporating existentialist, Adlerian, and person-centered theories from an anti-oppressive and liberatory lens to support clients in building skills and gaining insight.
I believe that every person possesses innate creativity and that art can serve as a powerful tool for communication and self-exploration within the therapeutic space. As an emerging art therapist and counselor, I seek to build a collaborative and affirming relationship with my clients to encourage the journey of discovery, healing, and personal growth. I use an eclectic approach, incorporating existentialist, Adlerian, and person-centered theories from an anti-oppressive and liberatory lens to support clients in building skills and gaining insight.
(224) 408-5189 View (224) 408-5189
Photo of Sheryl R Green, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Sheryl R Green
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northbrook, IL 60062
Sheryl Green, LCSW, works with children, adolescents & adults using a variety of approaches tailored to each individual and situation. She believes that each client brings their own strengths to the therapeutic process and partners with them in order to help them effectively address personal life challenges and move towards a healthier way of functioning. With compassion and understanding, as a therapist, Sheryl is warm, open, encouraging and non-judgmental.
Sheryl Green, LCSW, works with children, adolescents & adults using a variety of approaches tailored to each individual and situation. She believes that each client brings their own strengths to the therapeutic process and partners with them in order to help them effectively address personal life challenges and move towards a healthier way of functioning. With compassion and understanding, as a therapist, Sheryl is warm, open, encouraging and non-judgmental.
(224) 269-8746 x229 View (224) 269-8746 x229
Photo of Sarin Lerner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Sarin Lerner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CTP, RYT 200
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Northbrook, IL 60062
"Let go of who you think you are supposed to be and embrace who you are." -Brene Brown It is often our own misconceptions who we are "supposed to be" and unrealistic expectations of ourselves that get in the way of our own personal growth. We tend to overlook our strengths and struggles while giving so much weight to these perceived failures. We think of happiness as a destination to get to, unpack our bags, and live there "happily ever after." I will work with you to untwist these unrealistic, unhelpful ways to view our emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Our behaviors have a purpose if we look close enough without judgement.
"Let go of who you think you are supposed to be and embrace who you are." -Brene Brown It is often our own misconceptions who we are "supposed to be" and unrealistic expectations of ourselves that get in the way of our own personal growth. We tend to overlook our strengths and struggles while giving so much weight to these perceived failures. We think of happiness as a destination to get to, unpack our bags, and live there "happily ever after." I will work with you to untwist these unrealistic, unhelpful ways to view our emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Our behaviors have a purpose if we look close enough without judgement.
(224) 707-8264 View (224) 707-8264
Photo of Leah Seligman, Counselor in Northbrook, IL
Leah Seligman
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
I strongly believe that relationships are the key to positive outcomes in psychotherapy. Whether using cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, or play therapy, building a positive, trusting relationship with clients comes first. That relationship allows me to understand, align with, and guide my clients through achieving their therapeutic goals.
I strongly believe that relationships are the key to positive outcomes in psychotherapy. Whether using cognitive behavioral therapy, narrative therapy, or play therapy, building a positive, trusting relationship with clients comes first. That relationship allows me to understand, align with, and guide my clients through achieving their therapeutic goals.
(847) 235-6047 View (847) 235-6047
Photo of Peter Ellew, Counselor in Northbrook, IL
Peter Ellew
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062  (Online Only)
Hi my name is Peter Ellew and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional counselor in the state of Illinois with over 20 years of experience. I specialize in individual and couples therapy in which I help the individual or individuals reach their desired goals.
Hi my name is Peter Ellew and I am a Licensed Clinical Professional counselor in the state of Illinois with over 20 years of experience. I specialize in individual and couples therapy in which I help the individual or individuals reach their desired goals.
(847) 558-7651 View (847) 558-7651
Photo of Amy Edelson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Amy Edelson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical social worker and I have had the opportunity to work in a variety of settings in the mental health field over the past 15 years, with an emphasis on loss and grief. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families. I create a safe space to support clients so they feel comfortable discussing their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I use a strength-based interactive therapeutic approach, and I enjoy being an advocate for my clients.
I am a licensed clinical social worker and I have had the opportunity to work in a variety of settings in the mental health field over the past 15 years, with an emphasis on loss and grief. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families. I create a safe space to support clients so they feel comfortable discussing their thoughts, feelings, and experiences. I use a strength-based interactive therapeutic approach, and I enjoy being an advocate for my clients.
(224) 208-1186 x7 View (224) 208-1186 x7
Photo of Tammy Hendricks, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Tammy Hendricks
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
I believe that therapy is a partnership. Whether you would like to improve a relationship, find peace in a particular area of life, or receive support and guidance around parenting, divorce, life's transitions, social issues or loss, my goal is to understand where you are, find out where you would like to go, and help you get there at a pace and in a manner that feels comfortable and safe.
I believe that therapy is a partnership. Whether you would like to improve a relationship, find peace in a particular area of life, or receive support and guidance around parenting, divorce, life's transitions, social issues or loss, my goal is to understand where you are, find out where you would like to go, and help you get there at a pace and in a manner that feels comfortable and safe.
(847) 830-3555 View (847) 830-3555
Photo of Laura Gradman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Laura Gradman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCPC
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
I work with children, adolescents, adults and families on the north shore of Chicago. I specialize in supporting people dealing with anxiety, depression, social issues, low self-esteem, life transitions and complex family systems. I have experience working with both individuals and families and have particular expertise in understanding family dynamics. My approach is eclectic, with a psychodynamic focus. Throughout my professional life, I've worked privately, clinically and in schools, most recently at Erikson Institute in Chicago.
I work with children, adolescents, adults and families on the north shore of Chicago. I specialize in supporting people dealing with anxiety, depression, social issues, low self-esteem, life transitions and complex family systems. I have experience working with both individuals and families and have particular expertise in understanding family dynamics. My approach is eclectic, with a psychodynamic focus. Throughout my professional life, I've worked privately, clinically and in schools, most recently at Erikson Institute in Chicago.
(224) 412-3252 View (224) 412-3252
Photo of Raquel VanLoon, Counselor in Northbrook, IL
Raquel VanLoon
Counselor, LCPC, CADC, CSAT-C
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062  (Online Only)
Raquel is passionate about helping individuals or couples who are interested in improving sexual health and intimacy matters such as sexual identify formation, relationship complications, difficulty with orgasm, and other complex, yet common challenges. In addition, Raquel works with folks who are feeling overwhelmed with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, stress management, trauma, substance use/abuse, lifestyle balance, and much more. Raquel focuses on helping you feel safe in the therapeutic process to ensure you live a life that is more aligned with your values, so you can go through life being your most authentic self.
Raquel is passionate about helping individuals or couples who are interested in improving sexual health and intimacy matters such as sexual identify formation, relationship complications, difficulty with orgasm, and other complex, yet common challenges. In addition, Raquel works with folks who are feeling overwhelmed with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, stress management, trauma, substance use/abuse, lifestyle balance, and much more. Raquel focuses on helping you feel safe in the therapeutic process to ensure you live a life that is more aligned with your values, so you can go through life being your most authentic self.
(708) 419-3995 View (708) 419-3995
Photo of M Chet Mirman, Psychologist in Northbrook, IL
M Chet Mirman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Northbrook, IL 60062
The most important ingredient in a successful therapy experience is the therapy relationship itself. The clients who benefit the most are those who feel understood, respected and cared about, and so are better able to be more genuine and more fully engaged in the process. A basic tenet of my approach is that our fears and hurts inhibit the natural tendency within us all to grow and move toward healthier ways of functioning. Individuals who feel safe enough in therapy to face their fears can begin to "digest" their unfinished business and take back control of their lives.
The most important ingredient in a successful therapy experience is the therapy relationship itself. The clients who benefit the most are those who feel understood, respected and cared about, and so are better able to be more genuine and more fully engaged in the process. A basic tenet of my approach is that our fears and hurts inhibit the natural tendency within us all to grow and move toward healthier ways of functioning. Individuals who feel safe enough in therapy to face their fears can begin to "digest" their unfinished business and take back control of their lives.
(847) 209-1515 View (847) 209-1515
Photo of Julia C Fording, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Julia C Fording
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, L, C, S, W
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
Beginning therapy is a huge step for all clients, and I respect that it requires both trust and a leap of faith to ask for support. When I sit with people, I feel grateful for the opportunity to help them feel connected, understood, and heard. I work with my clients using active listening and interactive feedback to help them meet their goals and needs, and to understand their personal challenges. I guide adults, couples, and teens through the process with warmth and humor, but also with a seriousness that helps keep our work on track.
Beginning therapy is a huge step for all clients, and I respect that it requires both trust and a leap of faith to ask for support. When I sit with people, I feel grateful for the opportunity to help them feel connected, understood, and heard. I work with my clients using active listening and interactive feedback to help them meet their goals and needs, and to understand their personal challenges. I guide adults, couples, and teens through the process with warmth and humor, but also with a seriousness that helps keep our work on track.
(224) 412-5252 View (224) 412-5252
Photo of Alison Elizabeth Kuperman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Alison Elizabeth Kuperman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062  (Online Only)
For over 20 plus years, I have enjoyed working with teens and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict and body image. I recognize it can feel overwhelming to reach out and find a therapist ‘who is a good fit.’ I am happy to provide a complimentary consultation as it is super important to feel enough of a connection to begin the process. I am a very supportive and empathetic therapist. I want to help you learn how to be kind to yourself and validate yourself. I was trained at the University of Michigan and have over ten years on staff at Lurie Children’s outpatient psychiatry.
For over 20 plus years, I have enjoyed working with teens and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship conflict and body image. I recognize it can feel overwhelming to reach out and find a therapist ‘who is a good fit.’ I am happy to provide a complimentary consultation as it is super important to feel enough of a connection to begin the process. I am a very supportive and empathetic therapist. I want to help you learn how to be kind to yourself and validate yourself. I was trained at the University of Michigan and have over ten years on staff at Lurie Children’s outpatient psychiatry.
(847) 649-6815 View (847) 649-6815
Photo of Talia Shaked, Art Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Talia Shaked
Art Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northbrook, IL 60062
At Here & Now our goal is to help each client discover the joy of feeling comfortable in their skin and knowing their purpose in life. Our specialists thoughtfully and compassionately tailor a wellness hub of solutions to each patient’s unique needs. Our psychiatry, therapy, ketamine treatment, brain training, art therapy, EMDR and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy spokes incorporate evidence based practices. We also offer trusted resources for clients who are confronting and overcoming substance abuse issues, including opioids and alcohol. We collaborate with your personal doctors in all specialties to offer a whole solution.
At Here & Now our goal is to help each client discover the joy of feeling comfortable in their skin and knowing their purpose in life. Our specialists thoughtfully and compassionately tailor a wellness hub of solutions to each patient’s unique needs. Our psychiatry, therapy, ketamine treatment, brain training, art therapy, EMDR and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy spokes incorporate evidence based practices. We also offer trusted resources for clients who are confronting and overcoming substance abuse issues, including opioids and alcohol. We collaborate with your personal doctors in all specialties to offer a whole solution.
(847) 961-2409 View (847) 961-2409
Photo of Jason Singer, Pre-Licensed Professional in Northbrook, IL
Jason Singer
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
Hello! I've joined Affiliates In Counseling so I can continue my work using emotionally focused strategies to work with adults & teens who suffer from anxiety, depression and stress, as well as those experiencing grief, life changes, job loss and isolation, in both the northern suburbs and in Chicago. As a couples & family counselor, I've had great success utilizing these same emotional tools to strengthen and enhance more effective and long-term communication skills, helping to build more fulfilling relationships. Finally, I had the honor working directly in both the post-deployment veteran and LGBTQ communities during my training.
Hello! I've joined Affiliates In Counseling so I can continue my work using emotionally focused strategies to work with adults & teens who suffer from anxiety, depression and stress, as well as those experiencing grief, life changes, job loss and isolation, in both the northern suburbs and in Chicago. As a couples & family counselor, I've had great success utilizing these same emotional tools to strengthen and enhance more effective and long-term communication skills, helping to build more fulfilling relationships. Finally, I had the honor working directly in both the post-deployment veteran and LGBTQ communities during my training.
(224) 365-8743 View (224) 365-8743
Photo of Stephanie O Hopmayer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Stephanie O Hopmayer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
If you are looking at this profile, you or a loved one is struggling. I have 23 years of experience helping people just like you. I work with adults going through hard times who are struggling to cope. Whether it be anxiety, depression, grief/loss, difficult life transitions, separation, divorce, new parents, postpartum depression, ADHD in children, parenting issues, relationship challenges, pending empty-nesters, later life health issues....Life transitions often bring hard feelings with them. Many people find that their coping mechanisms just aren't working any longer. We will find new, healthier ones together.
If you are looking at this profile, you or a loved one is struggling. I have 23 years of experience helping people just like you. I work with adults going through hard times who are struggling to cope. Whether it be anxiety, depression, grief/loss, difficult life transitions, separation, divorce, new parents, postpartum depression, ADHD in children, parenting issues, relationship challenges, pending empty-nesters, later life health issues....Life transitions often bring hard feelings with them. Many people find that their coping mechanisms just aren't working any longer. We will find new, healthier ones together.
(773) 985-5162 View (773) 985-5162
Photo of Margaux Sayer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Margaux Sayer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
As a society we are constantly faced with change and uncertainty. Watching the nightly news, navigating social media, debating political issues and the effects of COVID-19 have all adversely affected how we cope and relate to others. Our ability to parent, have relationships with family and peers and to make honest and real connections, is constantly being challenged. I work with individuals (school-aged, preteen, teens and adults), couples and families. I understand that everyone communicates and connects in different ways and utilize talk, play and art therapy to meet my client where they are at and form a real connection.
As a society we are constantly faced with change and uncertainty. Watching the nightly news, navigating social media, debating political issues and the effects of COVID-19 have all adversely affected how we cope and relate to others. Our ability to parent, have relationships with family and peers and to make honest and real connections, is constantly being challenged. I work with individuals (school-aged, preteen, teens and adults), couples and families. I understand that everyone communicates and connects in different ways and utilize talk, play and art therapy to meet my client where they are at and form a real connection.
(847) 649-6736 View (847) 649-6736
Alex Reynish
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
I'm Dr. Alex Reynish, a dedicated clinical psychologist with a passion for understanding the intricate workings of the human brain. With specialized expertise in neuropsychological testing, I am committed to unraveling the complexities of cognition, behavior, and emotions to empower individuals on their journey toward optimal mental well-being.
I'm Dr. Alex Reynish, a dedicated clinical psychologist with a passion for understanding the intricate workings of the human brain. With specialized expertise in neuropsychological testing, I am committed to unraveling the complexities of cognition, behavior, and emotions to empower individuals on their journey toward optimal mental well-being.
(847) 463-1041 View (847) 463-1041
Photo of Sayeeda Kausar in Northbrook, IL
Sayeeda Kausar
MSW, LSW, CADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Northbrook, IL 60062
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming. I'm here for you. I believe in a collaborative approach to treatment where there is a sense of mutual respect, empathy, self-exploration, and empowerment. I work with you to build an authentic, honest, and transparent connection. I also value a culturally sensitive and relational approach that fosters a safe, non-judgmental, trusting, warm and supportive space where you can be vulnerable, feel heard, feel seen, and feel accepted being your true authentic self.
Finding the right therapist can feel overwhelming. I'm here for you. I believe in a collaborative approach to treatment where there is a sense of mutual respect, empathy, self-exploration, and empowerment. I work with you to build an authentic, honest, and transparent connection. I also value a culturally sensitive and relational approach that fosters a safe, non-judgmental, trusting, warm and supportive space where you can be vulnerable, feel heard, feel seen, and feel accepted being your true authentic self.
(224) 723-5772 View (224) 723-5772
Photo of Susan D Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Northbrook, IL
Susan D Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Northbrook, IL 60062
Are you struggling with stress, anxiety and depression in your everyday life? Are you feeling stuck -- in your personal life, in your job? Are you grappling with life transitions? If so, you're not alone. I understand life's ups and downs and can get you back on track. I love to help adolescents, young adults and adults make positive changes -- within themselves, in their relationships with others and in their lives. With more than 25 years of experience counseling children and families, I am familiar with a wide range of psychological issues. I focus on growth and change.
Are you struggling with stress, anxiety and depression in your everyday life? Are you feeling stuck -- in your personal life, in your job? Are you grappling with life transitions? If so, you're not alone. I understand life's ups and downs and can get you back on track. I love to help adolescents, young adults and adults make positive changes -- within themselves, in their relationships with others and in their lives. With more than 25 years of experience counseling children and families, I am familiar with a wide range of psychological issues. I focus on growth and change.
(224) 326-3085 View (224) 326-3085

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Northbrook, IL

500+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Northbrook, IL who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
92% Depression
83% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
67% Stress
64% Grief

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

96% BlueCross and BlueShield
41% Aetna
35% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Northbrook, IL see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Northbrook?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.