Therapists in Pennington County, SD

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Photo of Nicholas Waldon Isaacs - Isaacs Behavioral Health LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW-PIP, LAC, QMHP, MEd, MSW
Isaacs Behavioral Health LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW-PIP, LAC, QMHP, MEd, MSW
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57702
I help clients recognize their strengths, regain confidence, and find their voice again. I see mostly trauma patients, a few couples and some addictions. Trauma, (PTSD), Depression and Anxiety affect an individual's moods, thoughts, ability to change, pattern of thinking, coping mechanisms, fears, safety, calm, self-esteem, and confidence. I help my clients, "help themselves," by using a blend of modalities, including EMDR, healthy models, and professional experience, to untangle and compartmentalize their issues. My clients have an opportunity to learn proven, healthy coping mechanisms and healthy behaviors to self-regulate.
I help clients recognize their strengths, regain confidence, and find their voice again. I see mostly trauma patients, a few couples and some addictions. Trauma, (PTSD), Depression and Anxiety affect an individual's moods, thoughts, ability to change, pattern of thinking, coping mechanisms, fears, safety, calm, self-esteem, and confidence. I help my clients, "help themselves," by using a blend of modalities, including EMDR, healthy models, and professional experience, to untangle and compartmentalize their issues. My clients have an opportunity to learn proven, healthy coping mechanisms and healthy behaviors to self-regulate.
(605) 250-2060 View (605) 250-2060
Photo of Tecie Turner-Newman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW-PIP
Tecie Turner-Newman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CSW-PIP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rapid City, SD 57702
If you're living with chronic pain, insomnia, dysautonomia, or medically unexplained symptoms, there is a place to turn for support and direction. I specialize in working with the underlying dysregulation in the nervous system that leads to these and many other physical symptoms. At times, the brain-body connection can feel like it is working against us, but with understanding and the right approach, these signals can be rewired.
If you're living with chronic pain, insomnia, dysautonomia, or medically unexplained symptoms, there is a place to turn for support and direction. I specialize in working with the underlying dysregulation in the nervous system that leads to these and many other physical symptoms. At times, the brain-body connection can feel like it is working against us, but with understanding and the right approach, these signals can be rewired.
(605) 388-2036 View (605) 388-2036
Photo of Sarah Monich Granelli, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PIP
Sarah Monich Granelli
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PIP
Verified Verified
Online Only
Not accepting new clients
The kindest thing we can do for ourselves is to face life's challenges with honesty and bravery. But doing so can be painful, and often requires support from others. Therapy offers a unique opportunity to help differentiate what we can and cannot change, and to guide us toward self-affirming, healthy choices without judgment or pressure.
The kindest thing we can do for ourselves is to face life's challenges with honesty and bravery. But doing so can be painful, and often requires support from others. Therapy offers a unique opportunity to help differentiate what we can and cannot change, and to guide us toward self-affirming, healthy choices without judgment or pressure.
(406) 341-2515 View (406) 341-2515
Photo of Jacob John Folstrom, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, QMHP
Jacob John Folstrom
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, QMHP
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57701
I feel a "calling" to help adults and teens through counseling! I offer clients deep compassion, unconditional acceptance, and understanding. Often we believe the worst about ourselves! We lose sight of our own value, our own beauty, and self worth. We become depressed or constantly anxious, feel lost, maybe even broken on the inside. But, counseling can change that! I provide a safe environment that is consistently supportive, empathetic, and empowering! I will help you see yourself anew, grieve your losses, face your fears, and help you locate your deep self and reconnect to your life's purpose. A natural joy will follow!
I feel a "calling" to help adults and teens through counseling! I offer clients deep compassion, unconditional acceptance, and understanding. Often we believe the worst about ourselves! We lose sight of our own value, our own beauty, and self worth. We become depressed or constantly anxious, feel lost, maybe even broken on the inside. But, counseling can change that! I provide a safe environment that is consistently supportive, empathetic, and empowering! I will help you see yourself anew, grieve your losses, face your fears, and help you locate your deep self and reconnect to your life's purpose. A natural joy will follow!
(605) 309-5165 View (605) 309-5165
Photo of Michael E. Wheaton, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, QMHP
Michael E. Wheaton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, QMHP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Rapid City, SD 57702
Waitlist for new clients
I am committed to providing a safe and confidential place where we can explore your challenges together, finding hope for the future. My goal is to help you uncover the places where you may be stuck individually or in relationship with others and then help you explore new paths to a more fulfilling life.
I am committed to providing a safe and confidential place where we can explore your challenges together, finding hope for the future. My goal is to help you uncover the places where you may be stuck individually or in relationship with others and then help you explore new paths to a more fulfilling life.
(605) 988-8131 View (605) 988-8131
Photo of Melissa Watson Davis, Counselor, MA, NCC
Melissa Watson Davis
Counselor, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rapid City, SD 57701
I have an innate desire to help others find relief from psychological distress and look forward to helping pre-martial couples, marriage, family, children, adolescent, and women tell their story, discover growth and healing, and create a life they love. As a previous military spouse, I understand these unique challenges as well. I also have over seven years experience in early childhood education, have a firm grasp on childhood challenges, and look forward to learning more. Furthermore, I have a passion to empower and encourage women of all ages to explore, discover, heal, and grow into the person they desire.
I have an innate desire to help others find relief from psychological distress and look forward to helping pre-martial couples, marriage, family, children, adolescent, and women tell their story, discover growth and healing, and create a life they love. As a previous military spouse, I understand these unique challenges as well. I also have over seven years experience in early childhood education, have a firm grasp on childhood challenges, and look forward to learning more. Furthermore, I have a passion to empower and encourage women of all ages to explore, discover, heal, and grow into the person they desire.
(605) 599-1433 View (605) 599-1433
Photo of Kathy J Sazama - Family Solutions Center, Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, QMHP
Family Solutions Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, QMHP
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57702
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist . My training is systems therapy. My style is Solution Focused. I do couples therapy and Family. I help people who have issues with depression, anxiety, and fertility concerns . I an an approved supervisor and do business consulting.
I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist . My training is systems therapy. My style is Solution Focused. I do couples therapy and Family. I help people who have issues with depression, anxiety, and fertility concerns . I an an approved supervisor and do business consulting.
(605) 250-3207 View (605) 250-3207
Photo of Jessica Hubner, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Jessica Hubner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57701
Do you feel like the challenges you face in life are making you (and your loved ones) out to be crazy, a burden or a problem? I aim to carve out a comfortable healing space for people who are faced with problems that may be tricky to unravel, obstinate to change or that simply need a place to be aired-out and heard. I am interested in meeting people who may struggle to find a good fit with other counselors or people who are new to therapy and looking for a comfortable, personal and respectful relationship.
Do you feel like the challenges you face in life are making you (and your loved ones) out to be crazy, a burden or a problem? I aim to carve out a comfortable healing space for people who are faced with problems that may be tricky to unravel, obstinate to change or that simply need a place to be aired-out and heard. I am interested in meeting people who may struggle to find a good fit with other counselors or people who are new to therapy and looking for a comfortable, personal and respectful relationship.
(605) 646-4409 View (605) 646-4409
Photo of Kelcey Roberts, Counselor, LPCMH
Kelcey Roberts
Counselor, LPCMH
Verified Verified
Online Only
Hello :) My name is Kelcey Roberts, MS, LPC, LIMHP, LPC-MH. I have been a counselor for 15 years, specializing in children and families. I provide support for individuals struggling in relationships with children, parents, spouses, and family. I approach therapy from a relationship-based view. I am here to support you in identifying your goals and then guiding you to find the tools you need to accomplish those goals. I am trauma informed. I implement cognitive behavioral therapy when appropriate for clients. I also implement attachment-based therapy, particularly when working with children.
Hello :) My name is Kelcey Roberts, MS, LPC, LIMHP, LPC-MH. I have been a counselor for 15 years, specializing in children and families. I provide support for individuals struggling in relationships with children, parents, spouses, and family. I approach therapy from a relationship-based view. I am here to support you in identifying your goals and then guiding you to find the tools you need to accomplish those goals. I am trauma informed. I implement cognitive behavioral therapy when appropriate for clients. I also implement attachment-based therapy, particularly when working with children.
(605) 600-2126 View (605) 600-2126
Photo of Alexandra Coyne, Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Alexandra Coyne
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57702
I work with teens, adults, and couples to help navigate challenges as you journey through what it means to be the best version of yourself. When we are up against confusing or difficult circumstances, we are left with a choice to embrace and face the storm or turn our backs, letting it fester. I’m here to walk alongside you, offering support and guidance as we face that storm together—whatever it may be. Recognizing challenges is not a sign of weakness but a readiness for growth and self-transformation. Therapy provides a safe, supportive space to explore this process and work toward lasting change with your best interests at heart.
I work with teens, adults, and couples to help navigate challenges as you journey through what it means to be the best version of yourself. When we are up against confusing or difficult circumstances, we are left with a choice to embrace and face the storm or turn our backs, letting it fester. I’m here to walk alongside you, offering support and guidance as we face that storm together—whatever it may be. Recognizing challenges is not a sign of weakness but a readiness for growth and self-transformation. Therapy provides a safe, supportive space to explore this process and work toward lasting change with your best interests at heart.
(605) 853-7785 View (605) 853-7785
Photo of Sarah Swantner, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-MH, CFT, CFP
Sarah Swantner
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-MH, CFT, CFP
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57701
This anxiety is relentless. It’s been going on for so long that you can’t remember what life is like without it. You have two modes – anxious and extremely anxious. It blows you away to hear people say you have it together, because you know you don’t. Somehow, you’re pulling off life and looking successful, but on the inside you’re a wreck. The thoughts about all the ways you’re not good enough never let up. The anxiety and critical voices are what keep you from failing, right? They won’t allow you to slack off, to relax, to stop worrying. It’s beginning to take a toll on your relationships, your physical health, and on your life.
This anxiety is relentless. It’s been going on for so long that you can’t remember what life is like without it. You have two modes – anxious and extremely anxious. It blows you away to hear people say you have it together, because you know you don’t. Somehow, you’re pulling off life and looking successful, but on the inside you’re a wreck. The thoughts about all the ways you’re not good enough never let up. The anxiety and critical voices are what keep you from failing, right? They won’t allow you to slack off, to relax, to stop worrying. It’s beginning to take a toll on your relationships, your physical health, and on your life.
(605) 519-6141 View (605) 519-6141
Photo of Tracy Palecek, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-MH, QMHP
Tracy Palecek
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-MH, QMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rapid City, SD 57702
I believe therapy is a place for you to come with whatever burdens you. I will meet you there and walk with you as we, together, plan your path ahead. I often work with those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, past or current trauma, and life changes. I use many different treatment modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I approach this work with trust building, careful assessment, and a specific plan for achieving results.
I believe therapy is a place for you to come with whatever burdens you. I will meet you there and walk with you as we, together, plan your path ahead. I often work with those who are dealing with anxiety, depression, past or current trauma, and life changes. I use many different treatment modalities including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I approach this work with trust building, careful assessment, and a specific plan for achieving results.
(605) 467-5847 View (605) 467-5847
Photo of Gaylen Bendewald, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Gaylen Bendewald
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rapid City, SD 57702
People ask me how I am able to listen to people's problems all day without going crazy and getting depressed myself. The fact is, if that was all that there was to it -listening to people's problems - I probably would go crazy. The great joy in my work, and the satisfaction, is in seeing people get better. This desire keeps me on the learners edge, and it is my passion. I am a capable guide who will respect your individuality and choices along the way while providing you a sureness of foot that only experience can provide.
People ask me how I am able to listen to people's problems all day without going crazy and getting depressed myself. The fact is, if that was all that there was to it -listening to people's problems - I probably would go crazy. The great joy in my work, and the satisfaction, is in seeing people get better. This desire keeps me on the learners edge, and it is my passion. I am a capable guide who will respect your individuality and choices along the way while providing you a sureness of foot that only experience can provide.
(605) 956-4114 View (605) 956-4114
Photo of Erica Leigh Fett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Erica Leigh Fett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Online Only
Have you ever felt so lost you don’t know which way is up? Like no matter how much you speak, no one really understands? Like it’s easier to just not say anything at all than to deal with the disappointment? My name is Erica and I am here to tell you this, I get it. Life can be hard sometimes. Seemingly impossible. I’m also here to tell you, you don’t have to go through it alone. I will meet you where you are at and walk along side you at a pace that you set and are comfortable with. My goal is to provide you with the tools and support you need to reach your goals and build the life you deserve! Because I promise you are worth it!
Have you ever felt so lost you don’t know which way is up? Like no matter how much you speak, no one really understands? Like it’s easier to just not say anything at all than to deal with the disappointment? My name is Erica and I am here to tell you this, I get it. Life can be hard sometimes. Seemingly impossible. I’m also here to tell you, you don’t have to go through it alone. I will meet you where you are at and walk along side you at a pace that you set and are comfortable with. My goal is to provide you with the tools and support you need to reach your goals and build the life you deserve! Because I promise you are worth it!
(605) 524-2733 View (605) 524-2733
Photo of Trisha Gaudig, Psychologist, LCP
Trisha Gaudig
Psychologist, LCP
Verified Verified
Online Only
My name is Trisha Gaudig, PhD, LP, and I am a licensed clinical psychologist. I provide psychotherapy for adults managing mental health disorders and health-related challenges, using evidence-based approaches that integrate cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), mindfulness-based interventions, and mind-body medicine. My approach emphasizes compassion, collaboration, and practical strategies to support Clients in making meaningful, values-aligned changes.
My name is Trisha Gaudig, PhD, LP, and I am a licensed clinical psychologist. I provide psychotherapy for adults managing mental health disorders and health-related challenges, using evidence-based approaches that integrate cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), mindfulness-based interventions, and mind-body medicine. My approach emphasizes compassion, collaboration, and practical strategies to support Clients in making meaningful, values-aligned changes.
(605) 636-2421 View (605) 636-2421
Photo of Trevor Anderson, Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Trevor Anderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Rapid City, SD 57701
I work with adults and couples who are facing painful impasses in their lives. When we encounter overwhelming problems that seem irresolvable, we may feel that life as we know it is over. And in fact, it is. The feeling that our life has become unlivable is a sign that we are ready to transcend our current way of living and pursue a richer one, marked by greater authenticity and love. This sort of self-transcendence is a possibility for anyone willing to listen to the call, including those who have an interest in practicing therapy in continuity with their religious faith.
I work with adults and couples who are facing painful impasses in their lives. When we encounter overwhelming problems that seem irresolvable, we may feel that life as we know it is over. And in fact, it is. The feeling that our life has become unlivable is a sign that we are ready to transcend our current way of living and pursue a richer one, marked by greater authenticity and love. This sort of self-transcendence is a possibility for anyone willing to listen to the call, including those who have an interest in practicing therapy in continuity with their religious faith.
(605) 674-7354 View (605) 674-7354
Photo of Norma Pansch - U Rock Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-MH
U Rock Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-MH
Verified Verified
Rapid City, SD 57702
Not accepting new clients
Hi, my name is Norma, welcome to U Rock Counseling. I work with individuals ages 22-adulthood and specialize in trauma, grief, loss, loneliness, depression, anxiety, and issues unique to your stage of life. You will learn to connect to that joy that's been missing and feel the passion you once had. Your voice will not only be heard but also respected by me in a nonjudgmental and safe environment of empathy.
Hi, my name is Norma, welcome to U Rock Counseling. I work with individuals ages 22-adulthood and specialize in trauma, grief, loss, loneliness, depression, anxiety, and issues unique to your stage of life. You will learn to connect to that joy that's been missing and feel the passion you once had. Your voice will not only be heard but also respected by me in a nonjudgmental and safe environment of empathy.
(605) 349-2975 View (605) 349-2975
Photo of Scott Wiley, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Scott Wiley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Online Only
Scott Wiley is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of South Dakota and nationally certified by the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. He is also an ordained minister of The Wesleyan Church denomination and has over 30 years of pastoral experience. Scott has been trained from both secular and Christian perspectives and has nearly 20 years of clinical experience in both realms. Based on the goals you to the table, I draw heavily from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, including its offshoots, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
Scott Wiley is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of South Dakota and nationally certified by the National Board for Certified Counselors, Inc. He is also an ordained minister of The Wesleyan Church denomination and has over 30 years of pastoral experience. Scott has been trained from both secular and Christian perspectives and has nearly 20 years of clinical experience in both realms. Based on the goals you to the table, I draw heavily from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, including its offshoots, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
(605) 315-5904 View (605) 315-5904
Photo of Joshua Charles Harris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PIP
Joshua Charles Harris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PIP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rapid City, SD 57701
Are you tired of feeling helpless? I believe everyone is doing the best they can! I help people find their inner strength by focusing on a person's whole experience including mind, body, and spirit. This allows a person to understand their experiences, take control and plan for a better tomorrow.
Are you tired of feeling helpless? I believe everyone is doing the best they can! I help people find their inner strength by focusing on a person's whole experience including mind, body, and spirit. This allows a person to understand their experiences, take control and plan for a better tomorrow.
(605) 570-5695 View (605) 570-5695
Photo of Kris Jeakins, Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC-MH, QMHP, CCTP-II
Kris Jeakins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC-MH, QMHP, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Rapid City, SD 57702
Waitlist for new clients
I have provided mental health services for over 12+ years to adults, couples, and 16+ who are struggling with mental health issues. I guide people in their healing of trauma including complex trauma, dissociative issues, depression, anxiety, grief, psychotic spectrum, and personality disorders. I will create a safe space of honesty and empathy. I will guide you to strengthen self-trust and empower yourself to solve issues within all your relationships, inside and outside of therapy. I believe that our minds and bodies are connected through thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
I have provided mental health services for over 12+ years to adults, couples, and 16+ who are struggling with mental health issues. I guide people in their healing of trauma including complex trauma, dissociative issues, depression, anxiety, grief, psychotic spectrum, and personality disorders. I will create a safe space of honesty and empathy. I will guide you to strengthen self-trust and empower yourself to solve issues within all your relationships, inside and outside of therapy. I believe that our minds and bodies are connected through thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
(605) 423-7529 View (605) 423-7529

See more therapy options for Pennington County

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pennington County, SD

100+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Pennington County, SD who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
86% Depression
75% Self Esteem
70% Coping Skills
70% Stress
69% Relationship Issues
68% Grief

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% BlueCross and BlueShield
62% Wellmark BCBS
50% Sanford Health Plan

How Therapists in Pennington County, SD see their clients

70% In Person and Online
30% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pennington County?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.