Therapists in Irving, TX

Photo of Simon Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Simon Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75063  (Online Only)
Do you feel your vision for your life has become clouded? Our life journey consists of events that have formed our beliefs about ourselves, others, and the world. Our stories may include triumphant victories, gratifying accomplishments, and moments of love, connection, and warmth. However they may also include pain and trauma, self-destructive behavioral patterns, and other narratives that do not serve us well. I believe the safety and comfort of a collaborative, validating, nonjudgmental relationship can lead to significant insight, healing, and growth.
Do you feel your vision for your life has become clouded? Our life journey consists of events that have formed our beliefs about ourselves, others, and the world. Our stories may include triumphant victories, gratifying accomplishments, and moments of love, connection, and warmth. However they may also include pain and trauma, self-destructive behavioral patterns, and other narratives that do not serve us well. I believe the safety and comfort of a collaborative, validating, nonjudgmental relationship can lead to significant insight, healing, and growth.
(214) 380-2169 View (214) 380-2169
Photo of Betsy Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Betsy Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75062
I believe that regardless of where you've been, what you've done, or where you are now, you inherently have value and worth. My mission is to help you see your inherent worth, and to journey along a path in which we can discover the authentic you. My speciality is young adults who are survivors of trauma including, but not limited to, childhood abuse and neglect and sexual abuse. Ultimately, I believe the relationship between therapist and client is the most important thing, so I work to tailor my approach in a way that is unique and best fits each individual client.
I believe that regardless of where you've been, what you've done, or where you are now, you inherently have value and worth. My mission is to help you see your inherent worth, and to journey along a path in which we can discover the authentic you. My speciality is young adults who are survivors of trauma including, but not limited to, childhood abuse and neglect and sexual abuse. Ultimately, I believe the relationship between therapist and client is the most important thing, so I work to tailor my approach in a way that is unique and best fits each individual client.
(281) 645-5583 View (281) 645-5583
Photo of Peaceful You, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irving, TX
Peaceful You
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75063
We use a pragmatic approach coupled with empathy to help treat: *ANXIETY *DEPRESSION *NEGATIVE THINKING *SELF ESTEEM ISSUES *ADDICTION *RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS among other issues. This life has its struggles and challenges. These roadblocks in life hinder us from achieving peace with ourselves and our loved ones, peace we all deserve to have. Know that you are not alone and that things can change for the better.
We use a pragmatic approach coupled with empathy to help treat: *ANXIETY *DEPRESSION *NEGATIVE THINKING *SELF ESTEEM ISSUES *ADDICTION *RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS among other issues. This life has its struggles and challenges. These roadblocks in life hinder us from achieving peace with ourselves and our loved ones, peace we all deserve to have. Know that you are not alone and that things can change for the better.
(972) 992-1570 View (972) 992-1570
Photo of Ian James Mudge, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Ian James Mudge
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75060  (Online Only)
Every counselor, if they are honest, is seeking a client who is intelligent, funny, motivated, and has strong interpersonal skills. I am happy to work with those people, but I specialize in the more difficult cases. I like working with people who have had bad counseling experiences in the past. Those who know that they need change, but are unsure how to go about making those changes. Counseling is a collaborative relationship. My goal is not to fix your life, but to come along side you and help you move forward one step at a time.
Every counselor, if they are honest, is seeking a client who is intelligent, funny, motivated, and has strong interpersonal skills. I am happy to work with those people, but I specialize in the more difficult cases. I like working with people who have had bad counseling experiences in the past. Those who know that they need change, but are unsure how to go about making those changes. Counseling is a collaborative relationship. My goal is not to fix your life, but to come along side you and help you move forward one step at a time.
(469) 369-1538 View (469) 369-1538
Photo of Janelle Gillis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Irving, TX
Janelle Gillis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Janelle Gillis is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina who has been practicing since 2020. She has a Master of Social Work from Winthrop University. Mental and emotional fatigue often occurs when a person is "unbalanced" in the different areas of life. Janelle strives to help you find the balance when it feels like life is knocking you off course. Individuals that have worked with Janelle have shared that she gives a non-biased, peace-filled, genuine aura that encourages authenticity.
Janelle Gillis is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina who has been practicing since 2020. She has a Master of Social Work from Winthrop University. Mental and emotional fatigue often occurs when a person is "unbalanced" in the different areas of life. Janelle strives to help you find the balance when it feels like life is knocking you off course. Individuals that have worked with Janelle have shared that she gives a non-biased, peace-filled, genuine aura that encourages authenticity.
(469) 945-6121 View (469) 945-6121
Photo of Melinda Weber, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Melinda Weber
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Has your child been irritable, sad, out of sorts, anxious, or unmotivated lately? Is your child having a hard time sleeping, making friends, or dealing with grief, pain, or out-of-control circumstances? Does it seem like parenting in today's world is much harder than when you were growing up? Do you need support as your family works through something difficult? Like adults, Children and adolescents experience feelings of stress, depression, grief, trauma, and social anxiety. They often need different types of therapy, however, depending on the child's developmental level, personality, and issues that need addressing.
Has your child been irritable, sad, out of sorts, anxious, or unmotivated lately? Is your child having a hard time sleeping, making friends, or dealing with grief, pain, or out-of-control circumstances? Does it seem like parenting in today's world is much harder than when you were growing up? Do you need support as your family works through something difficult? Like adults, Children and adolescents experience feelings of stress, depression, grief, trauma, and social anxiety. They often need different types of therapy, however, depending on the child's developmental level, personality, and issues that need addressing.
(817) 893-6472 View (817) 893-6472
Photo of Assessments by Dallas Therapeutic Services, Psychologist in Irving, TX
Assessments by Dallas Therapeutic Services
Psychologist, PsyD, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75063
Psychological testing is a method of gathering and analyzing individualized data in order to better understand an individual’s personality, including diagnostic criteria and how the brain functions across a variety of tasks, such as attention or problem solving. Currently, DTS is able to offer in-depth diagnosis testing (including ADHD testing) as well as Autism testing and IQ testing. The cost varies for each testing, starting at $1500. While we are in network with insurance (Aetna, BCBS, Cigna and Tricare), they do not always cover the cost of testing.
Psychological testing is a method of gathering and analyzing individualized data in order to better understand an individual’s personality, including diagnostic criteria and how the brain functions across a variety of tasks, such as attention or problem solving. Currently, DTS is able to offer in-depth diagnosis testing (including ADHD testing) as well as Autism testing and IQ testing. The cost varies for each testing, starting at $1500. While we are in network with insurance (Aetna, BCBS, Cigna and Tricare), they do not always cover the cost of testing.
(972) 833-6498 View (972) 833-6498
Photo of Katrina Caldwell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Katrina Caldwell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, NCC
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75038  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or just ready to move in a different direction in your life? I work with individuals to help address these topics and more. I specialize in working with a variety of populations to address issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues and relationship/marital issues.My goal is to provide a supportive and understanding environment where we can work together to understand the problem and work towards a solution.
Are you looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or just ready to move in a different direction in your life? I work with individuals to help address these topics and more. I specialize in working with a variety of populations to address issues such as trauma, anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues and relationship/marital issues.My goal is to provide a supportive and understanding environment where we can work together to understand the problem and work towards a solution.
(469) 518-2559 View (469) 518-2559
Photo of Sabaa Afzal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Sabaa Afzal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Hi there and welcome! Everything that makes you feel stuck has a “why” behind it. I believe that understanding yourself leads to healing. I work collaboratively with my clients to help them better understand themselves and empower them to build the lives they want. Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support and provide space for self discovery. I believe the therapeutic process can facilitate growth and healing.
Hi there and welcome! Everything that makes you feel stuck has a “why” behind it. I believe that understanding yourself leads to healing. I work collaboratively with my clients to help them better understand themselves and empower them to build the lives they want. Whatever your needs may be, I am here to offer support and provide space for self discovery. I believe the therapeutic process can facilitate growth and healing.
(817) 813-8439 View (817) 813-8439
Photo of Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Lifebulb Counseling & Therapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75061  (Online Only)
We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals. We believe you're best served by a therapist passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to helping therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. Working with us, you'll get results.
We're confident we can help you achieve your therapy goals. We believe you're best served by a therapist passionate about not only their work, but who they work with as well. That's why we started Lifebulb - We're committed to helping therapists to get back to enjoying their work, so you, our client, can receive the highest quality therapy services, whether in person at one of our locations or online through telehealth. We hire only highly trained and educated, licensed clinicians dedicated to the therapy process. Working with us, you'll get results.
(972) 694-1511 View (972) 694-1511
Photo of Shaunte Collins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Shaunte Collins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75039
Shaunté Collins is a Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor (LPC-S) with 13 years of experience. Shaunté is passionate about working with individuals struggling to overcome life's obstacles.
Shaunté Collins is a Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor (LPC-S) with 13 years of experience. Shaunté is passionate about working with individuals struggling to overcome life's obstacles.
(469) 620-7046 View (469) 620-7046
Photo of Anna Thomison, Marriage & Family Therapist in Irving, TX
Anna Thomison
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT-S
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75062
Are you experiencing a problem in your marriage or relationship? Do you feel like you are having the same arguments over and over but never solving the problems? Are you concerned about you and your partner growing apart? Has it left you feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, lonely, or hopeless? Are you about to get married or are newly married and want to identify and address potential challenges before they become major issues? Are you interested in developing skills to enrich your relationship and create greater intimacy?
Are you experiencing a problem in your marriage or relationship? Do you feel like you are having the same arguments over and over but never solving the problems? Are you concerned about you and your partner growing apart? Has it left you feeling frustrated, overwhelmed, lonely, or hopeless? Are you about to get married or are newly married and want to identify and address potential challenges before they become major issues? Are you interested in developing skills to enrich your relationship and create greater intimacy?
(817) 330-8157 View (817) 330-8157
Photo of Devin W Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Devin W Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75039
If you are searching for help today, I want to give you some encouragement and remind you that there is hope. You are loved and you are meant to live for so much more than to feel the way you do right now. I focus on helping people with relationship issues, depression, anxiety, feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, and spiritual issues by utilizing an eclectic philosophy with focus on person centered, cognitive behavioral, systems theory, existential and integrative approaches to counseling. I am glad you are here because that means you have not given up on your hopes.
If you are searching for help today, I want to give you some encouragement and remind you that there is hope. You are loved and you are meant to live for so much more than to feel the way you do right now. I focus on helping people with relationship issues, depression, anxiety, feelings of loneliness, hopelessness, and spiritual issues by utilizing an eclectic philosophy with focus on person centered, cognitive behavioral, systems theory, existential and integrative approaches to counseling. I am glad you are here because that means you have not given up on your hopes.
(325) 208-4591 View (325) 208-4591
Photo of Susan E Justitz, Psychologist in Irving, TX
Susan E Justitz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75062
Dr Justitz has a collaborative approach to therapy. In other words, she will help you recognize and unlock your own knowledge and strengths and you are as much a part of the process as she is. She provides a safe, straight forward approach to therapy and she is passionate about her work. Dr. Justitz combines cognitive behavioral strategies, which look at how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are connected, with collaborative, person-centered approaches. She emphasizes the positive and integrates empirically supported treatment options. Dr. Justitz will help guide you and inspire you to make the life changes you want to make.
Dr Justitz has a collaborative approach to therapy. In other words, she will help you recognize and unlock your own knowledge and strengths and you are as much a part of the process as she is. She provides a safe, straight forward approach to therapy and she is passionate about her work. Dr. Justitz combines cognitive behavioral strategies, which look at how thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are connected, with collaborative, person-centered approaches. She emphasizes the positive and integrates empirically supported treatment options. Dr. Justitz will help guide you and inspire you to make the life changes you want to make.
(214) 761-6376 View (214) 761-6376
Photo of Shelley Guess, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Shelley Guess
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75039
Are you realizing the things that have happened in your life are holding you back? It's hard to relax. Life feels more black than white. You're told you worry too much, and you know that's right, but you don't know how to stop. Often, trauma from the past can be a large factor in this. I enjoying working with clients who are hoping to "reset" their automatic responses by addressing past and recent hurtful events. I use a "bottom up" approach primarily, meaning I focus on the pain that that body and the mind are still holding on to unconsciously. Together, we'll work to rewire those automatic beliefs and triggered responses.
Are you realizing the things that have happened in your life are holding you back? It's hard to relax. Life feels more black than white. You're told you worry too much, and you know that's right, but you don't know how to stop. Often, trauma from the past can be a large factor in this. I enjoying working with clients who are hoping to "reset" their automatic responses by addressing past and recent hurtful events. I use a "bottom up" approach primarily, meaning I focus on the pain that that body and the mind are still holding on to unconsciously. Together, we'll work to rewire those automatic beliefs and triggered responses.
(817) 934-7483 View (817) 934-7483
Photo of L Kay Byers, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
L Kay Byers
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75062  (Online Only)
Professionals face a unique set of challenges. We're expected to manage many roles, and perform them well and without complaining. Many of us do a wonderful job anticipating the needs and wishes of others, but this commonly comes at the sacrifice of our own needs, goals and dreams. If you're feeling sad, anxious, dissatisfied, irritable, angry, empty or exhausted, chances are you're being presented with an opportunity to learn about your true self. It's never too late to develop and implement your own dreams. Counseling can help determine the source of difficulties you're experiencing. NOW OFFERING TELEHEALTH ONLY!!!
Professionals face a unique set of challenges. We're expected to manage many roles, and perform them well and without complaining. Many of us do a wonderful job anticipating the needs and wishes of others, but this commonly comes at the sacrifice of our own needs, goals and dreams. If you're feeling sad, anxious, dissatisfied, irritable, angry, empty or exhausted, chances are you're being presented with an opportunity to learn about your true self. It's never too late to develop and implement your own dreams. Counseling can help determine the source of difficulties you're experiencing. NOW OFFERING TELEHEALTH ONLY!!!
(469) 844-4257 View (469) 844-4257
Photo of Marcus Greenwood, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Marcus Greenwood
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Irving, TX 75062
Not accepting new clients
LPC Associate Brian Sharp https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapists/brian-sharp-dallas-tx/880088 is supervised by Marcus Greenwood, LPC-S and available for new referrals. Session cost is typically $75 vs the usual $125. Clients can typically be seen by Brian within 48 hours. Marcus is not taking new patients at this time. Please call Brian at 817-793-8327 to schedule.
LPC Associate Brian Sharp https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapists/brian-sharp-dallas-tx/880088 is supervised by Marcus Greenwood, LPC-S and available for new referrals. Session cost is typically $75 vs the usual $125. Clients can typically be seen by Brian within 48 hours. Marcus is not taking new patients at this time. Please call Brian at 817-793-8327 to schedule.
(972) 559-9125 View (972) 559-9125
Photo of Dallas Therapeutic Services, Psychologist in Irving, TX
Dallas Therapeutic Services
Psychologist, PsyD, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75063
Dallas Therapeutic Services is a group practice uniquely managed to fit the needs of most clients! When the group formed, care was taken to choose clinicians with a variety of backgrounds and specialities. We want to provide an environment, where we can match clients with their best fit therapist. Additionally, we are able to psychological testing for ADHD, Autism, IQ (processing speed, working memory, comprehension and perceptual reasoning as well IQ score) and personality (diagnosis) - all of which can help with differentiating diagnoses and planning treatment accordingly.
Dallas Therapeutic Services is a group practice uniquely managed to fit the needs of most clients! When the group formed, care was taken to choose clinicians with a variety of backgrounds and specialities. We want to provide an environment, where we can match clients with their best fit therapist. Additionally, we are able to psychological testing for ADHD, Autism, IQ (processing speed, working memory, comprehension and perceptual reasoning as well IQ score) and personality (diagnosis) - all of which can help with differentiating diagnoses and planning treatment accordingly.
(972) 472-4934 View (972) 472-4934
Photo of Shameka Grant Thomas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Irving, TX
Shameka Grant Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75062
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a wealth of experience in working with clients who suffer from anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues, as well as health-related depression. I have 7+ years of experience in working in a psychiatric environment ranging from alcohol abuse and suicidal ideations. I have a true compassion for counseling and for the clients I service. I find great joy in assisting adolescent females and middle-aged adults. My future endeavor consists of beginning an anxiety group to further assist individuals to cope in the community and to learn coping skills to deal with everyday living.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with a wealth of experience in working with clients who suffer from anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues, as well as health-related depression. I have 7+ years of experience in working in a psychiatric environment ranging from alcohol abuse and suicidal ideations. I have a true compassion for counseling and for the clients I service. I find great joy in assisting adolescent females and middle-aged adults. My future endeavor consists of beginning an anxiety group to further assist individuals to cope in the community and to learn coping skills to deal with everyday living.
(469) 773-4177 View (469) 773-4177
Photo of Lori Baucum, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Irving, TX
Lori Baucum
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Verified Verified
Irving, TX 75038
Anxiety, depression, ongoing stress, and grief have a way of isolating you. Perhaps you are feeling lonely or despondent and wondering if you will ever feel better. There is hope and you do not have to walk this road alone. We all need connection, to feel loved, to feel safe, to be heard and understood. Counseling can be the springboard for healing and change. It can also feel scary because we are challenging ourselves to share our fears and our pain with another person. Lori understands this and will meet you with grace and compassion where you are and create a safe space for you to explore your struggles.
Anxiety, depression, ongoing stress, and grief have a way of isolating you. Perhaps you are feeling lonely or despondent and wondering if you will ever feel better. There is hope and you do not have to walk this road alone. We all need connection, to feel loved, to feel safe, to be heard and understood. Counseling can be the springboard for healing and change. It can also feel scary because we are challenging ourselves to share our fears and our pain with another person. Lori understands this and will meet you with grace and compassion where you are and create a safe space for you to explore your struggles.
(817) 646-7022 View (817) 646-7022

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Irving, TX

200+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Irving, TX who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
91% Depression
76% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
69% Grief
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

80% Aetna
75% Cigna and Evernorth
74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Irving, TX see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Irving?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.