Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Kristin F Jones Affirmative Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kristin F Jones Affirmative Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
How does your need for certainty play out? Does it force you to try to predict? Does it persuade you to declare things that you don't actually know? Perhaps the need for certainty is powerful enough to rob you of genuine moments with loved ones or with yourself. Research finds that people who take risks (those who step into the unknown) are happier than those who merely reach for reward or gratification. Why? Because healthy risk-taking has rewards sewn into the experience when we authentically try. It builds skills in self-advocacy, self-love and self-worth.
How does your need for certainty play out? Does it force you to try to predict? Does it persuade you to declare things that you don't actually know? Perhaps the need for certainty is powerful enough to rob you of genuine moments with loved ones or with yourself. Research finds that people who take risks (those who step into the unknown) are happier than those who merely reach for reward or gratification. Why? Because healthy risk-taking has rewards sewn into the experience when we authentically try. It builds skills in self-advocacy, self-love and self-worth.
(415) 234-2081 View (415) 234-2081
Photo of Julie K Peters, Associate Professional Clinical Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Julie K Peters
Associate Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Welcome, I bring a strong skill base working in LGBTQIA+, addiction and PTSD communitites. I love working with Couples and families, and I'm passionate about helping students navigate studying and self-care. I'm here to help you utilize your innate creativity, and I'm excited to aid you as you enact new patterns in your relationship with yourself and others. You will experience me as an affirming clinician who values and acknowledges your marginalized identity and the intersection of the many roles you embody. You can expect kindness from me and a treatment space that expands to allow your unique perspective to shine.
Welcome, I bring a strong skill base working in LGBTQIA+, addiction and PTSD communitites. I love working with Couples and families, and I'm passionate about helping students navigate studying and self-care. I'm here to help you utilize your innate creativity, and I'm excited to aid you as you enact new patterns in your relationship with yourself and others. You will experience me as an affirming clinician who values and acknowledges your marginalized identity and the intersection of the many roles you embody. You can expect kindness from me and a treatment space that expands to allow your unique perspective to shine.
(510) 380-5706 View (510) 380-5706
Photo of Melinda Joyner, Associate Clinical Social Worker in San Francisco, CA
Melinda Joyner
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ACSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
Are you stuck with no direction? Maybe you need to refocus from the external and internal distractions. Therapy is a great opportunity to explore, refocus and refresh. Do not give up before investing in yourself. You are worth a 2nd, 3rd, 4th chance to live the life you always dreamed of. It is never too late. Together we can begin to put the pieces back together.
Are you stuck with no direction? Maybe you need to refocus from the external and internal distractions. Therapy is a great opportunity to explore, refocus and refresh. Do not give up before investing in yourself. You are worth a 2nd, 3rd, 4th chance to live the life you always dreamed of. It is never too late. Together we can begin to put the pieces back together.
(415) 797-0262 View (415) 797-0262
Photo of Jake Sims, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Jake Sims
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Depression. Anxiety. Relationship struggles. Low self-esteem. These are common issues that people face when it comes to mental health challenges, which are enough to make life difficult. Chances are your relationships, and most importantly your relationship with yourself, have been greatly impacted by these factors. There's this sense that something has to change, but you might not know where to begin. Together we embark on this journey of uncovering just how you got here and discovering where you want to go.
Depression. Anxiety. Relationship struggles. Low self-esteem. These are common issues that people face when it comes to mental health challenges, which are enough to make life difficult. Chances are your relationships, and most importantly your relationship with yourself, have been greatly impacted by these factors. There's this sense that something has to change, but you might not know where to begin. Together we embark on this journey of uncovering just how you got here and discovering where you want to go.
(415) 903-2585 View (415) 903-2585
Photo of Emily Palmer-Rice, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Emily Palmer-Rice
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
People often come to therapy after something has become too challenging to address on their own. Recognizing this need for a change in your life is significant and scary, but it marks the initial step toward healing and thriving. This thriving is more than symptom alleviation—it goes beyond quick fixes, surpasses mere functionality. Thriving entails experiencing a sense of wholeness, finding satisfaction in your life, and cultivating your relationships. Exploring the healing process holds the potential for a transformative impact on your life.
People often come to therapy after something has become too challenging to address on their own. Recognizing this need for a change in your life is significant and scary, but it marks the initial step toward healing and thriving. This thriving is more than symptom alleviation—it goes beyond quick fixes, surpasses mere functionality. Thriving entails experiencing a sense of wholeness, finding satisfaction in your life, and cultivating your relationships. Exploring the healing process holds the potential for a transformative impact on your life.
(415) 598-5658 View (415) 598-5658
Photo of Jennifer Margolis, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jennifer Margolis
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
In every psychotherapy session there is a place where the client and therapist meet and come alive in the present moment. This is the place that I work from. I achieve this through active dialogue, attentive listening and creative exchange. I think it is essential to offer a space where you can feel safe to be honest about what is happening in your life. Whether you're dealing with relationship issues, anxiety, depression or struggling with a life transition, it is the relationship between you and me that leads to insight and healing.
In every psychotherapy session there is a place where the client and therapist meet and come alive in the present moment. This is the place that I work from. I achieve this through active dialogue, attentive listening and creative exchange. I think it is essential to offer a space where you can feel safe to be honest about what is happening in your life. Whether you're dealing with relationship issues, anxiety, depression or struggling with a life transition, it is the relationship between you and me that leads to insight and healing.
(415) 800-2017 View (415) 800-2017
Photo of Beverly Ellison, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Beverly Ellison
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, CST
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
Queerdos, kinksters, gender f-ers, and radical relationship folks, I want to listen to you. I help gender nonconforming, queer, polyamorous and/or kinky folks heal from past traumas, create healthy and unique relationships, and learn how to have the best sex ever. My therapeutic style is radically non-judgmental, decolonizing/anti-racist/anti-oppressive, and emotionally affirming.
Queerdos, kinksters, gender f-ers, and radical relationship folks, I want to listen to you. I help gender nonconforming, queer, polyamorous and/or kinky folks heal from past traumas, create healthy and unique relationships, and learn how to have the best sex ever. My therapeutic style is radically non-judgmental, decolonizing/anti-racist/anti-oppressive, and emotionally affirming.
(415) 903-1610 View (415) 903-1610
Photo of Lindsey B Hopkins, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Lindsey B Hopkins
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with >15 yrs experience researching and providing evidence-based treatments. There are a number of highly effective therapies out there, and I focus primarily on those that help people overcome: Traumatic Stress (PTSD); Anxiety Disorders; and Disordered Eating. I also work with many young adults undergoing life transitions, exploring career identities/trajectories, navigating romantic partnerships, etc. An increasing focus of my practice is existential in nature, assisting clients with spiritual growth and exploration.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with >15 yrs experience researching and providing evidence-based treatments. There are a number of highly effective therapies out there, and I focus primarily on those that help people overcome: Traumatic Stress (PTSD); Anxiety Disorders; and Disordered Eating. I also work with many young adults undergoing life transitions, exploring career identities/trajectories, navigating romantic partnerships, etc. An increasing focus of my practice is existential in nature, assisting clients with spiritual growth and exploration.
(510) 901-3446 View (510) 901-3446
Photo of Natashia Gridiron, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Natashia Gridiron
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I believe that no one person or situation is the same and because of that, I believe that flexibility can often help my clients gain the most benefit. As a therapist, I have had experience working with clients dealing with addiction, as well as a diverse range of ethnic groups, cultural backgrounds, and gender. I have helped clients dealing with anxiety, depression, grief issues, interpersonal issues, as well as many other issues. My goal is always to assist my client in gaining the awareness needed to make the changes that they feel will increase the quality of their lives.
I believe that no one person or situation is the same and because of that, I believe that flexibility can often help my clients gain the most benefit. As a therapist, I have had experience working with clients dealing with addiction, as well as a diverse range of ethnic groups, cultural backgrounds, and gender. I have helped clients dealing with anxiety, depression, grief issues, interpersonal issues, as well as many other issues. My goal is always to assist my client in gaining the awareness needed to make the changes that they feel will increase the quality of their lives.
(415) 868-4763 View (415) 868-4763
Photo of Whitney M. Keilman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Whitney M. Keilman
Psychologist, MA, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist providing therapy to teens and adults residing in California. I believe that every individual is unique and deserving of love, and I feel that this shines through in my work. Seeking therapy is not always easy, and I’m truly honored to be a part of my Patient’s healing and strengthening processes.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist providing therapy to teens and adults residing in California. I believe that every individual is unique and deserving of love, and I feel that this shines through in my work. Seeking therapy is not always easy, and I’m truly honored to be a part of my Patient’s healing and strengthening processes.
(415) 903-8664 View (415) 903-8664
Golden Gate Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
At Golden Gate Integral Counseling Center, we believe that quality mental health care is a human right. We are dedicated to providing affordable professional psychotherapy to adults and children, couples, and families living in the SF Bay Area. Our sliding-fee scale is structured to accommodate people of all income levels and life situations. The Center provides a supportive and inclusive environment, and services designed to facilitate healing during times of emotional stress, confusion, and pain. Our therapists' approaches are tailored to each unique client and recognize the desire of individuals to find answers within.
At Golden Gate Integral Counseling Center, we believe that quality mental health care is a human right. We are dedicated to providing affordable professional psychotherapy to adults and children, couples, and families living in the SF Bay Area. Our sliding-fee scale is structured to accommodate people of all income levels and life situations. The Center provides a supportive and inclusive environment, and services designed to facilitate healing during times of emotional stress, confusion, and pain. Our therapists' approaches are tailored to each unique client and recognize the desire of individuals to find answers within.
(415) 965-5960 View (415) 965-5960
Photo of Anton Jones, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Anton Jones
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Anton Jones is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Florida who has been practicing since 2015. Anton has experience working with a variety of individuals and families of all ages. He is experienced in working with multiple issues such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem and confidence issues, relationship issues, trauma/PTSD. Anton's approach to therapy is one that focuses on providing a supportive and collaborative environment that allows you to grow and achieve your goals. Anton is here to listen and care, but most importantly to challenge you on how you can grow.
Anton Jones is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Florida who has been practicing since 2015. Anton has experience working with a variety of individuals and families of all ages. He is experienced in working with multiple issues such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem and confidence issues, relationship issues, trauma/PTSD. Anton's approach to therapy is one that focuses on providing a supportive and collaborative environment that allows you to grow and achieve your goals. Anton is here to listen and care, but most importantly to challenge you on how you can grow.
(628) 265-8709 View (628) 265-8709
Photo of Jeannine Colwell, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jeannine Colwell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103
Hi there, I'm Jeannine! My name is Jeannine Colwell and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist ( LMFT) based in San Diego, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with teens, adults, law enforcement, military, and veterans and specialize in anxiety, depression, anger management, substance use addiction, sports, coaching, etc. using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( CBT) and Solution Focused Therapy, coping skills, coaching, to help my clients make progress and start feeling awesome again. My focus is all about you and meeting you where you are at! Looking forward to meeting you!
Hi there, I'm Jeannine! My name is Jeannine Colwell and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist ( LMFT) based in San Diego, California, and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with teens, adults, law enforcement, military, and veterans and specialize in anxiety, depression, anger management, substance use addiction, sports, coaching, etc. using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ( CBT) and Solution Focused Therapy, coping skills, coaching, to help my clients make progress and start feeling awesome again. My focus is all about you and meeting you where you are at! Looking forward to meeting you!
(415) 818-0402 View (415) 818-0402
Photo of Judith Ellen Rubin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Judith Ellen Rubin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a seasoned psychotherapist. My work is depth oriented and solution focused. Often grief prevents reaching for support. A heart centered approach can allow the unfreezing and softening that makes therapy accessible. Regardless of the pain you are struggling through, meeting and talking together can determine weither we are a good fit. We can trust our process, to find a direction forward.
I am a seasoned psychotherapist. My work is depth oriented and solution focused. Often grief prevents reaching for support. A heart centered approach can allow the unfreezing and softening that makes therapy accessible. Regardless of the pain you are struggling through, meeting and talking together can determine weither we are a good fit. We can trust our process, to find a direction forward.
(415) 915-6743 View (415) 915-6743
Photo of Andrew Pelfini, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Andrew Pelfini
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
No human being gets through this life without a certain amount of conflict. The need to solve problems and manage distress is complicated by our fast paced world with high expectations on individual pursuit where social media takes the place of meaningful social/community/familial support. I consider your particular situation, interests, and personality in order to assist you in relieving your distress. Compassionate care shifts perspective, opens options and releases us from unhelpful responses and painful situations--eases our minds. I work with adults across the life span: individuals/couples with differing sexual preferences, gender identification, and value orientations.
No human being gets through this life without a certain amount of conflict. The need to solve problems and manage distress is complicated by our fast paced world with high expectations on individual pursuit where social media takes the place of meaningful social/community/familial support. I consider your particular situation, interests, and personality in order to assist you in relieving your distress. Compassionate care shifts perspective, opens options and releases us from unhelpful responses and painful situations--eases our minds. I work with adults across the life span: individuals/couples with differing sexual preferences, gender identification, and value orientations.
(415) 968-2073 View (415) 968-2073
Bay Area Center for Couples
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Our therapists at the Bay Area Center for Couples Therapy can help you and your partner improve your relationship. Don't wait until it's too late. Research has found that couples wait an average of six years to seek help after their problems begin. Whether you're in the beginning of your relationship, been together a long time, have been just starting to struggle, or are on the brink of calling it quits, remember, its never too late to fix your relationship. We use effective, evidence based therapy called Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy, which has shown significant improvement in 88% of couples treated with EFT and 70-73% of couples moving from distress to recovery in an average of 20 sessions. Our work is also informed by John Gottman's research on couples.
Our therapists at the Bay Area Center for Couples Therapy can help you and your partner improve your relationship. Don't wait until it's too late. Research has found that couples wait an average of six years to seek help after their problems begin. Whether you're in the beginning of your relationship, been together a long time, have been just starting to struggle, or are on the brink of calling it quits, remember, its never too late to fix your relationship. We use effective, evidence based therapy called Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy, which has shown significant improvement in 88% of couples treated with EFT and 70-73% of couples moving from distress to recovery in an average of 20 sessions. Our work is also informed by John Gottman's research on couples.
(415) 594-4741 View (415) 594-4741
Photo of Nancy Scotton, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nancy Scotton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am available for telehealth appointments with current clients and those who have worked with me in the past.
I am available for telehealth appointments with current clients and those who have worked with me in the past.
(415) 689-8984 View (415) 689-8984
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(415) 942-0331 View (415) 942-0331
Photo of Lorraine J Moreci, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Lorraine J Moreci
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
I am interested in working with Individuals, couples, and children. My work focuses on clients dealing with PTSD, trauma (complex and single episodes), anxiety, depression, life transitions, and chronic health issues. Our work together might include mindfully exploring past and present issues and integrating your experience in an inclusive way. We will explore body, mind, and spirit together, all parts of self are welcome.
I am interested in working with Individuals, couples, and children. My work focuses on clients dealing with PTSD, trauma (complex and single episodes), anxiety, depression, life transitions, and chronic health issues. Our work together might include mindfully exploring past and present issues and integrating your experience in an inclusive way. We will explore body, mind, and spirit together, all parts of self are welcome.
(415) 594-4730 View (415) 594-4730
Photo of Kaia Anderson-Buckley in San Francisco, CA
Kaia Anderson-Buckley
CCHT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94121
Anxiety is a universal and painful experience. Its causes are legion: abandonment, fear of failure (or success), transitions, traumas, aging and death. Supporting you in transforming your anxiety into positive growth will be our goal. Transpersonal hypnotherapy is invaluable in addressing grief, death and dying. In dealing with loss, we will create connections through hypnosis to address what remains incomplete. As my essential paradigm is empowerment, I serve as your guide, facilitating experiences in a grounded, safe way with your full participation. Hypnotherapy, free of the constraints of adult language patterns, offers a primary road to healing your deepest self.
Anxiety is a universal and painful experience. Its causes are legion: abandonment, fear of failure (or success), transitions, traumas, aging and death. Supporting you in transforming your anxiety into positive growth will be our goal. Transpersonal hypnotherapy is invaluable in addressing grief, death and dying. In dealing with loss, we will create connections through hypnosis to address what remains incomplete. As my essential paradigm is empowerment, I serve as your guide, facilitating experiences in a grounded, safe way with your full participation. Hypnotherapy, free of the constraints of adult language patterns, offers a primary road to healing your deepest self.
(628) 333-2287 View (628) 333-2287

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.