Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Alesha Williams, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Alesha Williams
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Currently accepting new clients! Sometimes, the weight of our emotions can become too much to carry alone. When life feels overwhelming, therapy can provide the support and guidance needed to move toward change. It is important to remember that seeking help is not a sign of weakness, but a sign of strength and self-awareness. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe space to be who you are without judgement. I am happy you are here taking this first step toward change!
Currently accepting new clients! Sometimes, the weight of our emotions can become too much to carry alone. When life feels overwhelming, therapy can provide the support and guidance needed to move toward change. It is important to remember that seeking help is not a sign of weakness, but a sign of strength and self-awareness. My goal as a therapist is to provide a safe space to be who you are without judgement. I am happy you are here taking this first step toward change!
(865) 737-1987 View (865) 737-1987
Photo of Terilyn Fesler, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Terilyn Fesler
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
Therapy is a passion that I feel so lucky to have found. I learn with and from every client I see. While I have experience with many populations, I am most knowledgeable with assisting victims of domestic violence, individuals struggling with depression/anxiety, and those who have experience with addiction. I enjoy working with individuals who are ready to face their fears, build a therapeutic relationship, and improve their overall quality of life. I believe that regardless of what you have achieved, you deserve the life you are willing to create for yourself. I currently see ages 13 and up.
Therapy is a passion that I feel so lucky to have found. I learn with and from every client I see. While I have experience with many populations, I am most knowledgeable with assisting victims of domestic violence, individuals struggling with depression/anxiety, and those who have experience with addiction. I enjoy working with individuals who are ready to face their fears, build a therapeutic relationship, and improve their overall quality of life. I believe that regardless of what you have achieved, you deserve the life you are willing to create for yourself. I currently see ages 13 and up.
(865) 217-1905 View (865) 217-1905
Photo of Holly Christianson, Licensed Master Social Worker in Knoxville, TN
Holly Christianson
Licensed Master Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
As a therapist with a passion for attachment, child development and family support, I understand the importance of early interventions and nurturing connections within the family. My child-centered, play-based approach is grounded in evidence-based techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of your family. Whether you're experiencing challenges related to behavior, emotional regulation, parent-child interactions or trauma, I'm here to provide guidance and support every step of the way.
As a therapist with a passion for attachment, child development and family support, I understand the importance of early interventions and nurturing connections within the family. My child-centered, play-based approach is grounded in evidence-based techniques tailored to meet the unique needs of your family. Whether you're experiencing challenges related to behavior, emotional regulation, parent-child interactions or trauma, I'm here to provide guidance and support every step of the way.
(865) 351-2948 View (865) 351-2948
Photo of Kenneth A. Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Kenneth A. Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, MS
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
We all experience anxiety, depression, grief, and loneliness at times. And we all struggle with memories from childhood that greatly influence our thinking. These things make up many of the stories we use to control how we feel about the quality of our lives. Changing those stories can help you build the life you desire.
We all experience anxiety, depression, grief, and loneliness at times. And we all struggle with memories from childhood that greatly influence our thinking. These things make up many of the stories we use to control how we feel about the quality of our lives. Changing those stories can help you build the life you desire.
(865) 390-3861 View (865) 390-3861
Photo of Vicki Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Vicki Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
After retiring from the military with over 21 years in service, I completed my undergraduate and graduate degrees in Social Work at the University of Tennessee Knoxville. I wanted to help others discover their own potential in living a fulfilling, joyful life. I believe in empowering the whole person through Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the connection of mind, body, and spirit.
After retiring from the military with over 21 years in service, I completed my undergraduate and graduate degrees in Social Work at the University of Tennessee Knoxville. I wanted to help others discover their own potential in living a fulfilling, joyful life. I believe in empowering the whole person through Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and the connection of mind, body, and spirit.
(865) 407-2323 View (865) 407-2323
Photo of Jenee Justice Tate, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Jenee Justice Tate
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
There is no greater pain than watching your child struggle. You've read the blogs, asked your doctor, consulted with friends, but you feel no closer to understanding what is going on or how to help. You need answers and you need a roadmap to stop the suffering and get things back on track. I'm here to guide you through the darkness and uncover what your child needs to achieve their true potential. My unique approach involves identifying your child's strengths in addition to their areas of vulnerability so you know exactly what they need to thrive.
There is no greater pain than watching your child struggle. You've read the blogs, asked your doctor, consulted with friends, but you feel no closer to understanding what is going on or how to help. You need answers and you need a roadmap to stop the suffering and get things back on track. I'm here to guide you through the darkness and uncover what your child needs to achieve their true potential. My unique approach involves identifying your child's strengths in addition to their areas of vulnerability so you know exactly what they need to thrive.
(865) 737-2787 View (865) 737-2787
Photo of Julianna Saah, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Julianna Saah
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Whether you are going through a major life event that you would like to process, need someone to talk to about the everyday stressors of life, or anything in between, I am here for you. I have been working in the mental health and social work field for several years, where I most recently worked with children and teens in the crisis intervention setting. Through this experience, I found a passion for working with teens and young adults to process life’s challenges, relationships, transitional periods, and more.
Whether you are going through a major life event that you would like to process, need someone to talk to about the everyday stressors of life, or anything in between, I am here for you. I have been working in the mental health and social work field for several years, where I most recently worked with children and teens in the crisis intervention setting. Through this experience, I found a passion for working with teens and young adults to process life’s challenges, relationships, transitional periods, and more.
(865) 390-3973 View (865) 390-3973
Photo of Tom Wilson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Tom Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC (T), MHSP-T, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
As a trained clinician and someone who has benefited from therapy myself, I know how terrifying it can be to consider going to a counselor. My goal with all of my clients is to put them at ease by caring for and accepting them just as they are, and to understand the issues they are facing. I want to know what your needs and goals are, and help you create a roadmap to accomplish your goals. I want to understand what you want, and why, so that I can tailor a treatment plan specific to your needs and expectations.
As a trained clinician and someone who has benefited from therapy myself, I know how terrifying it can be to consider going to a counselor. My goal with all of my clients is to put them at ease by caring for and accepting them just as they are, and to understand the issues they are facing. I want to know what your needs and goals are, and help you create a roadmap to accomplish your goals. I want to understand what you want, and why, so that I can tailor a treatment plan specific to your needs and expectations.
(865) 448-5073 View (865) 448-5073
Photo of Lauren Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Lauren Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I am dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to those seeking support. From coping with everyday stressors to processing trauma, I am here to help you create achievable goals tailored to your individual needs. Authenticity is important to me, and I believe it helps create a positive space for change. You can expect me to be my authentic self during sessions.
I am dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based care to those seeking support. From coping with everyday stressors to processing trauma, I am here to help you create achievable goals tailored to your individual needs. Authenticity is important to me, and I believe it helps create a positive space for change. You can expect me to be my authentic self during sessions.
(865) 315-8816 View (865) 315-8816
Photo of Archway Counseling, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Archway Counseling
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37909
Welcome to Knoxville's Premier Center for Counseling & Psychological Services. We have multiple licensed Psychologists who are currently accepting new patients. We are trained as generalists and therefore are able to work with a wide range of presenting concerns including but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship concerns, women's issues, perinatal issues, self-harm, OCD, sports performance issues and more. We provide individual, couples, and group therapy. Call today to schedule your first appointment!
Welcome to Knoxville's Premier Center for Counseling & Psychological Services. We have multiple licensed Psychologists who are currently accepting new patients. We are trained as generalists and therefore are able to work with a wide range of presenting concerns including but not limited to anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, relationship concerns, women's issues, perinatal issues, self-harm, OCD, sports performance issues and more. We provide individual, couples, and group therapy. Call today to schedule your first appointment!
(865) 344-1989 View (865) 344-1989
Photo of Lauren Shockley, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Lauren Shockley
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Not accepting new clients
When you face challenges in your life, it's helpful to have support along the way. My role as a therapist is to work alongside you as a guide, not tell you what to do. Therapy sessions are a collaborative process, and they are aimed at empowering you to better understand yourself and to develop the coping skills necessary to live a more fulfilling life. Together, we will focus on your unique needs and explore meaningful changes you would like to see in your life so that you can be your most authentic self, and live a life of meaning and purpose.
When you face challenges in your life, it's helpful to have support along the way. My role as a therapist is to work alongside you as a guide, not tell you what to do. Therapy sessions are a collaborative process, and they are aimed at empowering you to better understand yourself and to develop the coping skills necessary to live a more fulfilling life. Together, we will focus on your unique needs and explore meaningful changes you would like to see in your life so that you can be your most authentic self, and live a life of meaning and purpose.
(865) 419-7912 View (865) 419-7912
Photo of Laura Gasparrini in Knoxville, TN
Laura Gasparrini
MA
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37917
You're a Heart-centered Creative⁠ who is walking the mystical path⁠ with practical feet.⁠ You’re called to make a change in your life, but up against questions of Permission & Capacity. ⁠ Can I . . .? Will I . . .?⁠ ⁠ You're in that potent space of Unknowing⁠ before Opening the Door⁠ and Walking into the New.⁠ ⁠ Welcome, Creative Soul.⁠ You've made your way here - to this threshold of Possibility and Promise. ⁠ If you'd like to connect more deeply with your Next Steps and your capacity to create an Artful Life that you Love, I can help.⁠ ⁠
You're a Heart-centered Creative⁠ who is walking the mystical path⁠ with practical feet.⁠ You’re called to make a change in your life, but up against questions of Permission & Capacity. ⁠ Can I . . .? Will I . . .?⁠ ⁠ You're in that potent space of Unknowing⁠ before Opening the Door⁠ and Walking into the New.⁠ ⁠ Welcome, Creative Soul.⁠ You've made your way here - to this threshold of Possibility and Promise. ⁠ If you'd like to connect more deeply with your Next Steps and your capacity to create an Artful Life that you Love, I can help.⁠ ⁠
(865) 509-8946 View (865) 509-8946
Photo of Amy Canfield, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Amy Canfield
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Not accepting new clients
Amy is a Licensed Professional Counselor/Mental Health Services Provider. For almost 20 years, she has worked with adults and teens in a variety of settings in Texas and Tennessee. Amy believes in the mind-body connection, and the fact that our bodies carry our stories. Amy has experience working with individuals who’ve experienced complex trauma and complicated family histories, and understands the complexity of these experiences. She also has experience working with individuals with relationship issues, anxiety and depression, and adjusting to life changes.
Amy is a Licensed Professional Counselor/Mental Health Services Provider. For almost 20 years, she has worked with adults and teens in a variety of settings in Texas and Tennessee. Amy believes in the mind-body connection, and the fact that our bodies carry our stories. Amy has experience working with individuals who’ve experienced complex trauma and complicated family histories, and understands the complexity of these experiences. She also has experience working with individuals with relationship issues, anxiety and depression, and adjusting to life changes.
(865) 672-0536 View (865) 672-0536
Photo of Minton Family Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Minton Family Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Minton Family Therapy (MFT) is a husband and wife, marriage and family therapy practice based in Knoxville, TN offering both in person and Telehealth psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and families. MFT seeks to treat the whole person (or couple, or family) in the context of whatever may be impeding personal, professional, physical and emotional growth. Taking both a creative and integrative approach, potential patients can expect to explore longstanding patterns of interaction that may hinder current relationships and begin to reshape those patterns into a more healthy and whole self.
Minton Family Therapy (MFT) is a husband and wife, marriage and family therapy practice based in Knoxville, TN offering both in person and Telehealth psychotherapy for individuals, couples, and families. MFT seeks to treat the whole person (or couple, or family) in the context of whatever may be impeding personal, professional, physical and emotional growth. Taking both a creative and integrative approach, potential patients can expect to explore longstanding patterns of interaction that may hinder current relationships and begin to reshape those patterns into a more healthy and whole self.
(865) 375-4593 View (865) 375-4593
Photo of Anne Little-Goss, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Anne Little-Goss
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
For over 17 years Anne has had the privilege of providing therapy/coaching services to children, adolescents, and adults who have been negatively impacted by varying life circumstances. Anne is passionate about helping clients understand that a diagnosis does not define who they are, but only identifies the patterns they are struggling with. Anne believes "everyone has a story in which each chapter can create different needs and challenges". She adds, "Therapy/Coaching provides a safe and confidential space to process and learn new coping strategies or to challenge the way we look at those challenges and needs".
For over 17 years Anne has had the privilege of providing therapy/coaching services to children, adolescents, and adults who have been negatively impacted by varying life circumstances. Anne is passionate about helping clients understand that a diagnosis does not define who they are, but only identifies the patterns they are struggling with. Anne believes "everyone has a story in which each chapter can create different needs and challenges". She adds, "Therapy/Coaching provides a safe and confidential space to process and learn new coping strategies or to challenge the way we look at those challenges and needs".
(865) 217-2659 View (865) 217-2659
Photo of Joelle Burkett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Joelle Burkett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSPE
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Joelle Burkett, LSPE Joelle Burkett is a Licensed Senior Psychological Examiner in Tennessee who has been practicing since 1998. She received her Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and Anthropology from the University of Tennessee and her Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology from Austin Peay State University. Joelle received her license as a Psychological Examiner and her Senior Psychological Examiner license from the State of Tennessee. Joelle has been trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Solution focused Therapy and Trauma Focused Therapy.
Joelle Burkett, LSPE Joelle Burkett is a Licensed Senior Psychological Examiner in Tennessee who has been practicing since 1998. She received her Bachelor's Degree in Psychology and Anthropology from the University of Tennessee and her Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology from Austin Peay State University. Joelle received her license as a Psychological Examiner and her Senior Psychological Examiner license from the State of Tennessee. Joelle has been trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Solution focused Therapy and Trauma Focused Therapy.
(865) 500-6807 View (865) 500-6807
Photo of Janetta Jamerson, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Janetta Jamerson
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
Not accepting new clients
I am currently unable to take on any new patients as I am beyond capacity. I have received many calls and am honored to be chosen by people so bravely reaching out in their vulnerability to improve their mental health. It is not lost on me. I am sorry that I am unable to meet your needs at this time.
I am currently unable to take on any new patients as I am beyond capacity. I have received many calls and am honored to be chosen by people so bravely reaching out in their vulnerability to improve their mental health. It is not lost on me. I am sorry that I am unable to meet your needs at this time.
(865) 978-6841 View (865) 978-6841
Photo of Hanley T. Roach, Marriage & Family Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Hanley T. Roach
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I have the schooling and credentialing required to be a good therapist. More importantly I have been married for 37 years and raised three children. I understand how difficult it is to make marriage work. Through supportive friends, involvement in my church community and a life-time of raising a family I have gained wisdom helpful in addressing relationship problems. I have treated people with depression, anxiety, grief, loss, couples struggling to hold their marriage together. When appropriate I integrate a Christian perspective into counseling. I believe that understanding hidden emotions helps couples care for each other. I work at listening and developing solutions.
I have the schooling and credentialing required to be a good therapist. More importantly I have been married for 37 years and raised three children. I understand how difficult it is to make marriage work. Through supportive friends, involvement in my church community and a life-time of raising a family I have gained wisdom helpful in addressing relationship problems. I have treated people with depression, anxiety, grief, loss, couples struggling to hold their marriage together. When appropriate I integrate a Christian perspective into counseling. I believe that understanding hidden emotions helps couples care for each other. I work at listening and developing solutions.
(865) 276-7017 View (865) 276-7017
Photo of Claire Janey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Claire Janey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
Not accepting new clients
Claire is a nondirective child-centered play therapist who believes strongly in the power of the therapeutic relationship. She strives to provide a warm, safe, and fun environment for children to cope with life’s stressors. During the play therapy process, she assists them in navigating internal experiences in a way that makes the most sense to them while using their most natural form of communication… play! Alongside individual counseling with children, she incorporates parenting support to strengthen the quality of parent-child attachment bonds in hopes of reducing relational stress.
Claire is a nondirective child-centered play therapist who believes strongly in the power of the therapeutic relationship. She strives to provide a warm, safe, and fun environment for children to cope with life’s stressors. During the play therapy process, she assists them in navigating internal experiences in a way that makes the most sense to them while using their most natural form of communication… play! Alongside individual counseling with children, she incorporates parenting support to strengthen the quality of parent-child attachment bonds in hopes of reducing relational stress.
(865) 401-8607 View (865) 401-8607
Photo of Steve Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Steve Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37919
I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults in individual, couples, family and group therapy. I work with most private and group insurance plans as well employee assistance programs and private paying individuals. I recieved a Masters of Social Work degree from the University of Tennessee in 1996 and the Licensed Clinical Social Work certification in 1999. I have been an adjunct instructor for the masters program at the UT College of Social Work, having taught courses in family therapy, group therapy, clinical social work with children and adolescents, and foundation courses.
I enjoy working with children, adolescents, and adults in individual, couples, family and group therapy. I work with most private and group insurance plans as well employee assistance programs and private paying individuals. I recieved a Masters of Social Work degree from the University of Tennessee in 1996 and the Licensed Clinical Social Work certification in 1999. I have been an adjunct instructor for the masters program at the UT College of Social Work, having taught courses in family therapy, group therapy, clinical social work with children and adolescents, and foundation courses.
(865) 630-4218 x103 View (865) 630-4218 x103

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
68% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.