Therapists in Graniteville, SC

Jay Earles
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
1 Endorsed
Graniteville, SC 29829
If you are dealing with a chronic disease or emotional, mental or behavioral concern, then you are certainly not alone. Many people struggle with balancing the demands of family, friends, work, and a chronic disease and I would appreciate the opportunity to help you. I am a clinical psychologist with a specialty in clinical health psychology. I assist adults with chronic medical conditions improve their well-being, quality of life, and physical, mental and emotional health. I was a clinical psychologist in the US Army for 24 years and now provide counseling services in the local community.
If you are dealing with a chronic disease or emotional, mental or behavioral concern, then you are certainly not alone. Many people struggle with balancing the demands of family, friends, work, and a chronic disease and I would appreciate the opportunity to help you. I am a clinical psychologist with a specialty in clinical health psychology. I assist adults with chronic medical conditions improve their well-being, quality of life, and physical, mental and emotional health. I was a clinical psychologist in the US Army for 24 years and now provide counseling services in the local community.
(803) 615-2146 View (803) 615-2146
Season 4 Change, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP, MPH, BCD
2 Endorsed
Graniteville, SC 29829
Are you having problems managing stress, anxiety, depression, or have a behavioral health problem that you are unsure how to manage? My therapeutic approach is simple. I first focus on identifying what the problem is. Then help you build resilience and improve coping skills. I’m a retiree of the US Army and US Public Health Service with 25 years of experience working with active duty military, police, emergency responders and helping those that have experienced trauma, anxiety, depression, mood instability or unmanageable anger. I provide safe, therapeutic methods of managing whatever problem you are facing.
Are you having problems managing stress, anxiety, depression, or have a behavioral health problem that you are unsure how to manage? My therapeutic approach is simple. I first focus on identifying what the problem is. Then help you build resilience and improve coping skills. I’m a retiree of the US Army and US Public Health Service with 25 years of experience working with active duty military, police, emergency responders and helping those that have experienced trauma, anxiety, depression, mood instability or unmanageable anger. I provide safe, therapeutic methods of managing whatever problem you are facing.
(803) 232-7530 View (803) 232-7530
Cassie Nicole Carroll
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP
Graniteville, SC 29829
Hi! My name is Cassie Carroll. I am a licensed independent social worker in clinical practice (LISW-CP). I am devoted to helping individuals grow and overcome their obstacles in life. I take a client-centered approach with all of my clients. I believe in meeting you where you are and helping you identify and develop the tools you need to achieve all of your therapeutic goals.
Hi! My name is Cassie Carroll. I am a licensed independent social worker in clinical practice (LISW-CP). I am devoted to helping individuals grow and overcome their obstacles in life. I take a client-centered approach with all of my clients. I believe in meeting you where you are and helping you identify and develop the tools you need to achieve all of your therapeutic goals.
(803) 770-0741 View (803) 770-0741
Megan E. Clair
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPCA
Serves Area
Life can be unpredictable at times and that can get overwhelming without support or the knowledge on how to navigate the new and unexpected. In working with me we will work together as a team to help you gain the knowledge and skills to help you be successful in the future. In my graduate program and first year as an associate level counselor I got a lot of experience working with neuroqueer clients from a range of youth to older adults. I have worked with those who have received a diagnosis early in life as well as those who received a diagnosis later in life and are navigating what it means to be neurodiverse.
Life can be unpredictable at times and that can get overwhelming without support or the knowledge on how to navigate the new and unexpected. In working with me we will work together as a team to help you gain the knowledge and skills to help you be successful in the future. In my graduate program and first year as an associate level counselor I got a lot of experience working with neuroqueer clients from a range of youth to older adults. I have worked with those who have received a diagnosis early in life as well as those who received a diagnosis later in life and are navigating what it means to be neurodiverse.
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Bethany Tschappat
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC (S), LMHC, CCTP, CCATP
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Hi. I am a National Certified Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor in SC, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in FL, Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Provider, and owner of Better Mind-Better You (counseling). My work centers on empowering individuals to develop self-love, improve communication, and overcome barriers by navigating challenges such as trauma, depression, anxiety, and life transitions with understanding and care. I have extensive experiencing working with diverse populations, veterans, first responders, low income and others.
Hi. I am a National Certified Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor Supervisor in SC, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in FL, Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Provider, and owner of Better Mind-Better You (counseling). My work centers on empowering individuals to develop self-love, improve communication, and overcome barriers by navigating challenges such as trauma, depression, anxiety, and life transitions with understanding and care. I have extensive experiencing working with diverse populations, veterans, first responders, low income and others.
(803) 845-9299 View (803) 845-9299
Gail Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC, ECMH-E®
Online Only
For the past thirty plus years, my interest has been to stamp out stigma and to boost mental health awareness. My name is Gail Smith and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is passionate about the support and promotion of growth with mental health, emotional health, and the overall well-being of individuals that may be experiencing a challenge in his/her life.
For the past thirty plus years, my interest has been to stamp out stigma and to boost mental health awareness. My name is Gail Smith and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is passionate about the support and promotion of growth with mental health, emotional health, and the overall well-being of individuals that may be experiencing a challenge in his/her life.
(839) 234-5934 View (839) 234-5934
Kaitlyn Rosumny
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
My focus is to provide compassionate, client-centered care for individuals navigating ADHD, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, mood disorders, and stress. I take a strengths-based approach that honors each person’s experiences and tailors treatment to their goals. Drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and reality-based therapy, I work collaboratively to build practical coping skills, improve emotional regulation, and strengthen self-understanding. Creating a space where clients feel safe, supported, and heard is central to my work.
My focus is to provide compassionate, client-centered care for individuals navigating ADHD, depression, generalized anxiety disorder, mood disorders, and stress. I take a strengths-based approach that honors each person’s experiences and tailors treatment to their goals. Drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and reality-based therapy, I work collaboratively to build practical coping skills, improve emotional regulation, and strengthen self-understanding. Creating a space where clients feel safe, supported, and heard is central to my work.
(706) 558-3135 View (706) 558-3135
Tasha Wilder
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Serves Area
There’s a safe haven. A safe haven that doesn't contain judgement brought on by the world. This haven is yours, and I am just a part of it providing a warm, supportive environment. My mission is to guide you, whomever you may be: a child; an adolescent; or an adult. Regardless, I am here to help you live in greatness through the refreshing, renewing, and the regulating of your mind. I’m here to use therapeutic approaches that will be beneficial to you and your family situation. With me inside your safe haven, together we will promote positive and permanent change.
There’s a safe haven. A safe haven that doesn't contain judgement brought on by the world. This haven is yours, and I am just a part of it providing a warm, supportive environment. My mission is to guide you, whomever you may be: a child; an adolescent; or an adult. Regardless, I am here to help you live in greatness through the refreshing, renewing, and the regulating of your mind. I’m here to use therapeutic approaches that will be beneficial to you and your family situation. With me inside your safe haven, together we will promote positive and permanent change.
(706) 251-9179 View (706) 251-9179

More Therapists Nearby

Sarah Zell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-C, LCSW, LICSW
2 Endorsed
Aiken, SC 29803
Hi, I'm Sarah. Carrying anxiety, trauma, or relationship stress can feel incredibly lonely. Whether you face depression or daily burnout, your pain deserves a safe place to land. Together, we will gently unpack what weighs you down at a pace that feels secure. I offer a compassionate, supportive space where you can show up exactly as you are. I provide in-person therapy in Columbia, SC, as well as telehealth services across SC, FL, AR, DE, LA, and VT. You don't have to navigate this wilderness by yourself. Please feel free to call or email whenever you feel ready to connect.
Hi, I'm Sarah. Carrying anxiety, trauma, or relationship stress can feel incredibly lonely. Whether you face depression or daily burnout, your pain deserves a safe place to land. Together, we will gently unpack what weighs you down at a pace that feels secure. I offer a compassionate, supportive space where you can show up exactly as you are. I provide in-person therapy in Columbia, SC, as well as telehealth services across SC, FL, AR, DE, LA, and VT. You don't have to navigate this wilderness by yourself. Please feel free to call or email whenever you feel ready to connect.
(839) 888-2381 View (839) 888-2381
Sean Mitchell
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, CPT
2 Endorsed
North Augusta, SC 29841
I believe meaningful change begins with connection. My role as a therapist is to provide a safe, supportive space where individuals, couples, parents, and families can explore challenges with honesty and hope. I approach each person with curiosity and respect, recognizing that every story is shaped by unique experiences, culture, and relationships. Whether helping an individual rediscover balance, guiding couples toward deeper understanding, or supporting parents and children through life’s transitions, my goal is to help clients restore trust, strengthen relationships, and foster emotional resilience.
I believe meaningful change begins with connection. My role as a therapist is to provide a safe, supportive space where individuals, couples, parents, and families can explore challenges with honesty and hope. I approach each person with curiosity and respect, recognizing that every story is shaped by unique experiences, culture, and relationships. Whether helping an individual rediscover balance, guiding couples toward deeper understanding, or supporting parents and children through life’s transitions, my goal is to help clients restore trust, strengthen relationships, and foster emotional resilience.
(839) 226-6651 View (839) 226-6651
April T. Kitchens
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LPCS
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes life feels overwhelming and out of control. It can leave us feeling consumed by stress, anxiety, anger, depression, and hopelessness. While these emotions are an expected part of life, there are times they can grow so strong and intense that we feel powerless to manage them on our own. We may see their impact on various parts of our life – family, work, social relationships, our ability to feel pleasure, our overall quality of life. If this resonates with you, if this is what you are experiencing, therapy can help.
Sometimes life feels overwhelming and out of control. It can leave us feeling consumed by stress, anxiety, anger, depression, and hopelessness. While these emotions are an expected part of life, there are times they can grow so strong and intense that we feel powerless to manage them on our own. We may see their impact on various parts of our life – family, work, social relationships, our ability to feel pleasure, our overall quality of life. If this resonates with you, if this is what you are experiencing, therapy can help.
(706) 808-3963 View (706) 808-3963
Suze Maze — Anxiety, depression, trauma
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CEAP
Aiken, SC 29801
Suze Maze, LCSW, offers online therapy for South Carolina and Georgia residents and in-person equine therapy with her horses. Specializing in anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, emotional abuse, and behavioral addictions like gambling, Suze provides compassionate support tailored to individual needs. With a holistic approach, she fosters a safe environment for growth and transformation. Suze is and dedicated to helping you improve your mental health and lifestyle. Whether you're in a toxic environment or just feel like you need positive change, reach out today for high-quality therapy and start your journey towards well-being.
Suze Maze, LCSW, offers online therapy for South Carolina and Georgia residents and in-person equine therapy with her horses. Specializing in anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, emotional abuse, and behavioral addictions like gambling, Suze provides compassionate support tailored to individual needs. With a holistic approach, she fosters a safe environment for growth and transformation. Suze is and dedicated to helping you improve your mental health and lifestyle. Whether you're in a toxic environment or just feel like you need positive change, reach out today for high-quality therapy and start your journey towards well-being.
(839) 333-4525 View (839) 333-4525
Brandon Wilcher
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Aiken, SC 29801
Feeling overwhelmed and ready to create the life you deserve? If anxiety, depression, grief, or family conflict leave you feeling unheard or isolated, you’re not alone. I help purpose‑driven individuals, couples, and families move past challenges and relationship stress to find clarity, resilience, and genuine connection. My collaborative, holistic style blends Person‑Centered care with Solution‑Focused tools, CBT, ACT, and values‑based counseling. Whether healing past wounds or navigating transitions, sessions offer a safe space for self‑reflection, boundary‑setting, and real progress.
Feeling overwhelmed and ready to create the life you deserve? If anxiety, depression, grief, or family conflict leave you feeling unheard or isolated, you’re not alone. I help purpose‑driven individuals, couples, and families move past challenges and relationship stress to find clarity, resilience, and genuine connection. My collaborative, holistic style blends Person‑Centered care with Solution‑Focused tools, CBT, ACT, and values‑based counseling. Whether healing past wounds or navigating transitions, sessions offer a safe space for self‑reflection, boundary‑setting, and real progress.
(803) 676-7095 View (803) 676-7095
Susan Kleck Jordan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, AT, AAI
Aiken, SC 29803
Find YOUR strengths! Learn to "change" using your personal strengths and see how you can improve every day. We all know: "Life is simply complicated." We encounter challenges which can impact our lives in many ways that interfere with our abilities to fully live our days. I welcome the opportunity to work with the clients who are in transition into the "senior years" in addition to young adults and families. With a strong therapeutic alliance, goals and tools, you will gain many life skills in order to make solid, positive changes to your life. Call for a free (15) minute introduction. Let's get started together!
Find YOUR strengths! Learn to "change" using your personal strengths and see how you can improve every day. We all know: "Life is simply complicated." We encounter challenges which can impact our lives in many ways that interfere with our abilities to fully live our days. I welcome the opportunity to work with the clients who are in transition into the "senior years" in addition to young adults and families. With a strong therapeutic alliance, goals and tools, you will gain many life skills in order to make solid, positive changes to your life. Call for a free (15) minute introduction. Let's get started together!
(839) 222-6737 View (839) 222-6737
Jason Belcourt
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
North Augusta, SC 29841
Are you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in patterns that no longer serve you? I'm Jason Belcourt, a Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to helping individuals and couples from diverse backgrounds navigate life’s challenges and access their inner resilience. My commitment is to walk alongside you and support your journey toward healing, restoration, and renewed purpose. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as working with couples facing conflict, communication challenges, and emotional disconnect. I offer a safe space where you can rediscover hope and develop skills for lasting growth.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, or stuck in patterns that no longer serve you? I'm Jason Belcourt, a Licensed Professional Counselor dedicated to helping individuals and couples from diverse backgrounds navigate life’s challenges and access their inner resilience. My commitment is to walk alongside you and support your journey toward healing, restoration, and renewed purpose. I specialize in treating depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as working with couples facing conflict, communication challenges, and emotional disconnect. I offer a safe space where you can rediscover hope and develop skills for lasting growth.
(839) 400-9114 View (839) 400-9114
Vince Ylagan
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A, EdS, NCC
1 Endorsed
Aiken, SC 29803
If you've experienced trauma or feel like your past continues to affect you, it can feel like carrying around a full suit of armor. It may have protected you before, but can begin to weigh you down over time, limit the possibilities you see, and make it difficult to connect with others. You may have been to therapy before but still feel stuck, like something is getting in the way, or struggle with painful memories. Therapies such as EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) and ERP (exposure and response prevention) can help people work through difficult memories and break the cycles that keep them stuck.
If you've experienced trauma or feel like your past continues to affect you, it can feel like carrying around a full suit of armor. It may have protected you before, but can begin to weigh you down over time, limit the possibilities you see, and make it difficult to connect with others. You may have been to therapy before but still feel stuck, like something is getting in the way, or struggle with painful memories. Therapies such as EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) and ERP (exposure and response prevention) can help people work through difficult memories and break the cycles that keep them stuck.
(803) 590-3696 View (803) 590-3696
Charity Odum
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
My experience has allowed me to work with very diverse populations and utilize multicultural counseling competencies to promote equity and inclusion in my work. I have served clients with a wide range of presenting concerns such as substance use, depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, PTSD, and other co-occurring disorders. It is important for me to provide a safe space for my clients to feel comfortable working through issues and concerns that they are experiencing. I believe it is important to support clients in setting goals, learning how to problem solve, and developing coping skills.
My experience has allowed me to work with very diverse populations and utilize multicultural counseling competencies to promote equity and inclusion in my work. I have served clients with a wide range of presenting concerns such as substance use, depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship issues, PTSD, and other co-occurring disorders. It is important for me to provide a safe space for my clients to feel comfortable working through issues and concerns that they are experiencing. I believe it is important to support clients in setting goals, learning how to problem solve, and developing coping skills.
(706) 523-9180 View (706) 523-9180
Samantha Peka
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Serves Area
My ultimate aim is to help you build a life worth living. I'm dedicated to providing a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions, gain insight into patterns, and cultivate change. When reading fantasy books, binge watching TV shows/anime, getting tattoos, and video games are not enough, let's chat! We'll work towards building helpful and essential skills, enhancing self-awareness, and improving your life quality.
My ultimate aim is to help you build a life worth living. I'm dedicated to providing a safe, non-judgmental space where you can explore your thoughts and emotions, gain insight into patterns, and cultivate change. When reading fantasy books, binge watching TV shows/anime, getting tattoos, and video games are not enough, let's chat! We'll work towards building helpful and essential skills, enhancing self-awareness, and improving your life quality.
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Christopher M Hollar
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Christopher Hollar, LPC, NCC has provided mental health services to adolescents and young adults in the CSRA area since 2010. Chris is passionate about helping young people feel comfortable and confident in their abilities to face whatever challenges life may send their way. Chris believes developing rapport, and building a trusting relationship, are key to successful counseling, and he goes to great lengths to allow that’s process to take place organically. Offering neutral ears to listen, as well as introducing and modeling tools, strategies, and coping mechanisms, are at the center of Chris’ approach to counseling.
Christopher Hollar, LPC, NCC has provided mental health services to adolescents and young adults in the CSRA area since 2010. Chris is passionate about helping young people feel comfortable and confident in their abilities to face whatever challenges life may send their way. Chris believes developing rapport, and building a trusting relationship, are key to successful counseling, and he goes to great lengths to allow that’s process to take place organically. Offering neutral ears to listen, as well as introducing and modeling tools, strategies, and coping mechanisms, are at the center of Chris’ approach to counseling.
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Andrea Jordan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP, NCC, MA
Online Only
I work with adults and teens who need help with anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma & PTSD, relationship issues, grief, self-esteem, & life transitions. Often when people come to see me, they’ve been struggling for a long time on their own and have been through really painful and difficult experiences in their lives. Many times there is a lot of shame and guilt involved in their situations. People feel stuck or that they’re unable to move forward in life. They are looking for an objective, caring person who can help them understand the underlying causes of their symptoms and give them the tools they need to heal & move forward.
I work with adults and teens who need help with anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma & PTSD, relationship issues, grief, self-esteem, & life transitions. Often when people come to see me, they’ve been struggling for a long time on their own and have been through really painful and difficult experiences in their lives. Many times there is a lot of shame and guilt involved in their situations. People feel stuck or that they’re unable to move forward in life. They are looking for an objective, caring person who can help them understand the underlying causes of their symptoms and give them the tools they need to heal & move forward.
(843) 948-2134 View (843) 948-2134

See more therapy options for Graniteville

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Graniteville, SC

< 10

Therapists in Graniteville, SC who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
88% Anxiety
88% Social Anxiety
88% Health Anxiety
88% Driving Anxiety
75% Relationship Issues
75% ADHD

Average years in practice

22 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% Aetna
57% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Graniteville, SC see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

71% Female
29% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Graniteville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.