Therapists in Charleston, SC

Photo of Valerie A. Gist, Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT, LPC, LPCS
Valerie A. Gist
Licensed Professional Counselor, LMFT, LPC, LPCS
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I work with individuals, couples, and/or entire families virtual only who understand that what they are doing currently hurts and are willing to come to a place to try something different.
I work with individuals, couples, and/or entire families virtual only who understand that what they are doing currently hurts and are willing to come to a place to try something different.
(803) 489-8461 View (803) 489-8461
Photo of Christine Conti - Phoenix Counseling and Wellness Center, Licensed Professional Counselor
Phoenix Counseling and Wellness Center
Licensed Professional Counselor
1 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29407
Our therapists are experts in helping clients manage and control their stress, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress, and other mental health challenges. We are a team of licensed and trained therapists, helping individuals heal from trauma and revive their energy, hope, and enthusiasm. With a deeper understanding of how the brain reacts to traumas, we help our clients manage their emotions and behavior by gaining greater control over their thoughts.
Our therapists are experts in helping clients manage and control their stress, anxiety, depression, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress, and other mental health challenges. We are a team of licensed and trained therapists, helping individuals heal from trauma and revive their energy, hope, and enthusiasm. With a deeper understanding of how the brain reacts to traumas, we help our clients manage their emotions and behavior by gaining greater control over their thoughts.
(843) 829-4872 View (843) 829-4872
Photo of Gretchen Sparacino - Gretchen Sparacino, MA, LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPC/S-C
Gretchen Sparacino, MA, LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPC/S-C
1 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29407
As a Licensed Professional Counselor in Charleston, SC, I offer the privacy and comfort of a private practice setting, along with years of experience in the profession. Evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions are utilized for the treatment of depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life adjustment, and trauma. Working with adolescents and their families is a passion of mine, alongside working with adults and couples. knowing where to go is often confusing but finding the right fit is crucial. We are all unique and this keeps me loving my profession in turn making clients feel welcome, safe, seen, and heard.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor in Charleston, SC, I offer the privacy and comfort of a private practice setting, along with years of experience in the profession. Evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions are utilized for the treatment of depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life adjustment, and trauma. Working with adolescents and their families is a passion of mine, alongside working with adults and couples. knowing where to go is often confusing but finding the right fit is crucial. We are all unique and this keeps me loving my profession in turn making clients feel welcome, safe, seen, and heard.
(843) 507-5198 View (843) 507-5198
Photo of Anna Kathryn White, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
Anna Kathryn White
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
5 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29405
You’ve been holding it together for so long. But lately it’s starting to feel heavier than you can carry on your own. The same patterns persist, despite your best efforts. I’m here to help make sense of it all and find a way forward. We will collaboratively build steady, supportive ways to navigate difficult moments instead of feeling overwhelmed by them. As we slow down, something shifts. You’re able to move through—not around—what’s been weighing on you. At a pace that feels safe and collaborative, we explore the root of what has been keeping you stuck. Healing becomes more than just coping—it becomes processing.
You’ve been holding it together for so long. But lately it’s starting to feel heavier than you can carry on your own. The same patterns persist, despite your best efforts. I’m here to help make sense of it all and find a way forward. We will collaboratively build steady, supportive ways to navigate difficult moments instead of feeling overwhelmed by them. As we slow down, something shifts. You’re able to move through—not around—what’s been weighing on you. At a pace that feels safe and collaborative, we explore the root of what has been keeping you stuck. Healing becomes more than just coping—it becomes processing.
(843) 825-9138 View (843) 825-9138
Photo of Natasha C Kennedy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW, LISW-CP
Natasha C Kennedy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, LCSW, LISW-CP
4 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29414
I am very pleased to announce that I am shifting my private practice to a “Concierge” model of practice. As I launch this new concierge psychotherapy service my focus will be on the young/emerging adult population (college students, graduate students and early careerists) and a few high school students, if they can make the time commitment needed for this level of work. Clients can be in crisis and needing to be seen multiple times a week or high achievers and looking to do much deeper work (intensive sessions-2+ hours) to reach their desired goals. Referrals are needed for concierge clients.
I am very pleased to announce that I am shifting my private practice to a “Concierge” model of practice. As I launch this new concierge psychotherapy service my focus will be on the young/emerging adult population (college students, graduate students and early careerists) and a few high school students, if they can make the time commitment needed for this level of work. Clients can be in crisis and needing to be seen multiple times a week or high achievers and looking to do much deeper work (intensive sessions-2+ hours) to reach their desired goals. Referrals are needed for concierge clients.
(843) 350-9242 View (843) 350-9242
Photo of Natasha Kokoszka, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MAC, LPCS, CS, LAC
Natasha Kokoszka
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MAC, LPCS, CS, LAC
1 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29414
Starting therapy can be a little scary. I am aware of the anxiety someone feels making that first phone call or walking into the office. My goal is to set you at ease, make you comfortable, and with time build a trusting relationship.
Starting therapy can be a little scary. I am aware of the anxiety someone feels making that first phone call or walking into the office. My goal is to set you at ease, make you comfortable, and with time build a trusting relationship.
(843) 564-9926 View (843) 564-9926
Photo of Tessa Trask, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC
Tessa Trask
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA , LPC
9 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29412
My philosophy is simple: we are all already whole. No one is “broken”, so there is nothing to “fix”. We each have what we need inside to heal. My goal is to help you access your own innate wisdom to heal your past wounding and establish the mental and emotional wellness so you can live your life fully in the here and now. I am passionate about working with motivated clients from all walks of life towards healing from trauma and life's stressors, and alleviating the experience of depression, anxiety, and suffering that stem from them.
My philosophy is simple: we are all already whole. No one is “broken”, so there is nothing to “fix”. We each have what we need inside to heal. My goal is to help you access your own innate wisdom to heal your past wounding and establish the mental and emotional wellness so you can live your life fully in the here and now. I am passionate about working with motivated clients from all walks of life towards healing from trauma and life's stressors, and alleviating the experience of depression, anxiety, and suffering that stem from them.
(843) 258-5115 View (843) 258-5115
Photo of Deidre Joyner, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Deidre Joyner
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Charleston, SC 29407
Deidre Joyner is a Licensed Professional Counselor in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2015. She has a B.S. in Criminal Justice and an M.Ed. in Counselor Education. Deidre believes in the power of the therapeutic process. She specializes in Women’s Health focused on an integrative approach to help you discover the best version of self. Deidre is here to support you through the journey and will challenge you to put you back in the driver’s seat for your life. She is a down to earth person who will listen to you and support you.
Deidre Joyner is a Licensed Professional Counselor in South Carolina who has been practicing since 2015. She has a B.S. in Criminal Justice and an M.Ed. in Counselor Education. Deidre believes in the power of the therapeutic process. She specializes in Women’s Health focused on an integrative approach to help you discover the best version of self. Deidre is here to support you through the journey and will challenge you to put you back in the driver’s seat for your life. She is a down to earth person who will listen to you and support you.
(843) 258-4869 View (843) 258-4869
Photo of Pat Benzien, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-CP
Pat Benzien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-CP
Charleston, SC 29401
I am a licensed therapist in the Charleston area. I have been practicing for over 30 years. In my work with you we can explore how to grow by transforming difficult patterns from the past that may be effecting the present and grow strengths , skills and positive abilities into a more effective you.
I am a licensed therapist in the Charleston area. I have been practicing for over 30 years. In my work with you we can explore how to grow by transforming difficult patterns from the past that may be effecting the present and grow strengths , skills and positive abilities into a more effective you.
(843) 206-0066 View (843) 206-0066
Photo of Aimee Koon, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Aimee Koon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
4 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29412
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed or wondering why relationships tend to feel so difficult? Do you find that you beat yourself up with self-criticism? Life can be challenging, and we may feel that we have to just keep going and suck it up, which may lead us to feel lonelier and more overwhelmed. In my experience as a Licensed Professional Counselor, and previous experience as a yoga instructor I have found that the combination of mindfulness, self-awareness, and processing trauma can be quite powerful in finding our authentic selves.
Are you feeling stuck, overwhelmed or wondering why relationships tend to feel so difficult? Do you find that you beat yourself up with self-criticism? Life can be challenging, and we may feel that we have to just keep going and suck it up, which may lead us to feel lonelier and more overwhelmed. In my experience as a Licensed Professional Counselor, and previous experience as a yoga instructor I have found that the combination of mindfulness, self-awareness, and processing trauma can be quite powerful in finding our authentic selves.
(843) 882-7936 View (843) 882-7936
Photo of Madison Lowe Askins, LPC
Madison Lowe Askins
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29407
Not accepting new clients
We’ve all heard the phrase “life is hard.” But when you’re drowning in anxiety, shame, or exhaustion, those words don’t help. Maybe you've spent years feeling not good enough, stuck in patterns you can’t break, or weighed down by loss and family change. You want more than survival—you want clarity, relief, and real change. My clients often come to therapy feeling overwhelmed but motivated to finally understand themselves, heal old wounds, and create space for something better. If that’s you, this might be the next step.
We’ve all heard the phrase “life is hard.” But when you’re drowning in anxiety, shame, or exhaustion, those words don’t help. Maybe you've spent years feeling not good enough, stuck in patterns you can’t break, or weighed down by loss and family change. You want more than survival—you want clarity, relief, and real change. My clients often come to therapy feeling overwhelmed but motivated to finally understand themselves, heal old wounds, and create space for something better. If that’s you, this might be the next step.
(843) 806-3327 View (843) 806-3327
Photo of Dr. Katelyn Campbell, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Katelyn Campbell
Psychologist, PsyD
7 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29407
Not accepting new clients
I work with teen girls and adult women struggling with anxiety, perfectionism, eating disorders, and body image. My work is deeply grounded in my values of social justice, body liberation, and the belief that no one can determine your health by your appearance. I am also trained in EMDR, which is a powerful modality to treat anxiety and trauma symptoms.
I work with teen girls and adult women struggling with anxiety, perfectionism, eating disorders, and body image. My work is deeply grounded in my values of social justice, body liberation, and the belief that no one can determine your health by your appearance. I am also trained in EMDR, which is a powerful modality to treat anxiety and trauma symptoms.
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Photo of Josie DeShong, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP
Josie DeShong
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP
Online Only
Hi! I'd like to thank you for seeing what you can gain from therapy because it means you care enough about yourself to look for change. I'm Josie DeShong, a clinical social worker, and maybe you're here after you’ve experienced hurdle after hurdle and are unsure how to feel like yourself again. Maybe you're having trouble becoming "unstuck", and it feels incredibly defeating. I'd like you to know this space is for YOU to gain perspective and believe you can approach life's difficulties. I generally assist people with mood and anxiety concerns, self-esteem needs and life transitions.
Hi! I'd like to thank you for seeing what you can gain from therapy because it means you care enough about yourself to look for change. I'm Josie DeShong, a clinical social worker, and maybe you're here after you’ve experienced hurdle after hurdle and are unsure how to feel like yourself again. Maybe you're having trouble becoming "unstuck", and it feels incredibly defeating. I'd like you to know this space is for YOU to gain perspective and believe you can approach life's difficulties. I generally assist people with mood and anxiety concerns, self-esteem needs and life transitions.
(843) 396-2764 View (843) 396-2764
Photo of Hannah Shoemaker, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Hannah Shoemaker
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, LPC-A
Online Only
I believe therapy should be a supportive partnership where you feel heard without judgment. My approach is warm, collaborative, and client-centered, focused on empowering you to create meaningful change. As a cognitive behavioral therapist, I help clients understand the connections between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors while building practical tools for growth. With training in trauma-focused therapy, I support healing, resilience, and long-term well-being. I work with trauma, anxiety, depression, and relationship concerns, offering compassion, curiosity, and collaboration to foster self-understanding, strength, and balance.
I believe therapy should be a supportive partnership where you feel heard without judgment. My approach is warm, collaborative, and client-centered, focused on empowering you to create meaningful change. As a cognitive behavioral therapist, I help clients understand the connections between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors while building practical tools for growth. With training in trauma-focused therapy, I support healing, resilience, and long-term well-being. I work with trauma, anxiety, depression, and relationship concerns, offering compassion, curiosity, and collaboration to foster self-understanding, strength, and balance.
(843) 483-6723 View (843) 483-6723
Photo of Anna Rose Kometer, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Anna Rose Kometer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Charleston, SC 29405
Do you find yourself wondering why you aren't feeling fulfilled, peaceful, or truly loved—even though you’re trying so hard? Maybe you relate to the word “self-sabotage.” Maybe anxiety shows up often in your relationships, and you find yourself feeling “not enough” or “too much,” all the time. Or maybe you feel disconnected from yourself, like you’re watching your life from the outside and can’t seem to break the cycle. If this sounds like you, you’re not alone—so many people feel this way but don’t know where to begin. If you’re ready to take the first step toward feeling grounded and connected again, I’m here to walk with you.
Do you find yourself wondering why you aren't feeling fulfilled, peaceful, or truly loved—even though you’re trying so hard? Maybe you relate to the word “self-sabotage.” Maybe anxiety shows up often in your relationships, and you find yourself feeling “not enough” or “too much,” all the time. Or maybe you feel disconnected from yourself, like you’re watching your life from the outside and can’t seem to break the cycle. If this sounds like you, you’re not alone—so many people feel this way but don’t know where to begin. If you’re ready to take the first step toward feeling grounded and connected again, I’m here to walk with you.
(843) 547-5653 View (843) 547-5653
Photo of Noelle Nevins, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA CMHC, CT, SC & FL
Noelle Nevins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA CMHC, CT, SC & FL
Charleston, SC 29401
You’ve been holding it together for everyone else—but inside, something isn’t right. Maybe your relationship feels confusing or one-sided. Maybe you’re quietly questioning whether to stay or leave. Or maybe your life simply no longer feels like it fits. Our culture rewards women who put others first and serve their families and communities. When you’ve spent years adapting, accommodating, or silencing your needs, you can lose your sense of self without realizing it. I specialize in helping women untangle these patterns, reconnect with their inner knowing, and begin to understand what they truly want—so they can move forward.
You’ve been holding it together for everyone else—but inside, something isn’t right. Maybe your relationship feels confusing or one-sided. Maybe you’re quietly questioning whether to stay or leave. Or maybe your life simply no longer feels like it fits. Our culture rewards women who put others first and serve their families and communities. When you’ve spent years adapting, accommodating, or silencing your needs, you can lose your sense of self without realizing it. I specialize in helping women untangle these patterns, reconnect with their inner knowing, and begin to understand what they truly want—so they can move forward.
(843) 396-3078 View (843) 396-3078
Photo of Jacey Verdicchio, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
Jacey Verdicchio
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, PMH-C
3 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29407
Perhaps you're feeling overwhelmed by the transition to parenthood, or you're pregnant and have more anxiety than ever before, or maybe you've experienced a pregnancy loss. I would love to help. Becoming a parent can be one of the most meaningful—and most challenging—times in a person’s life, and you don't have to navigate it alone. Utilizing specialized training, I help clients develop practical tools to manage anxiety, mood changes, identity shifts, and relationship challenges that often arise during this season of life.
Perhaps you're feeling overwhelmed by the transition to parenthood, or you're pregnant and have more anxiety than ever before, or maybe you've experienced a pregnancy loss. I would love to help. Becoming a parent can be one of the most meaningful—and most challenging—times in a person’s life, and you don't have to navigate it alone. Utilizing specialized training, I help clients develop practical tools to manage anxiety, mood changes, identity shifts, and relationship challenges that often arise during this season of life.
(843) 508-2197 View (843) 508-2197
Photo of Lauren Adcock, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Lauren Adcock
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
3 Endorsed
Charleston, SC 29407
Whatever it is you're going through, you aren't alone, and your feelings make more sense than you realize. You deserve to be heard, feel seen, and discover the wisdom you already carry within. I create a safe and comforting space for clients to gain insight, skills, and confidence as they explore their emotions and needs. Clients have described me as warm, calm, and direct. I take a person-centered, trauma-informed, and evidence-based approach to therapy. Every client is unique, and I tailor our sessions to meet your specific needs and honor your values. Cliche as it sounds, when life gets hard, remember that we can do hard things!
Whatever it is you're going through, you aren't alone, and your feelings make more sense than you realize. You deserve to be heard, feel seen, and discover the wisdom you already carry within. I create a safe and comforting space for clients to gain insight, skills, and confidence as they explore their emotions and needs. Clients have described me as warm, calm, and direct. I take a person-centered, trauma-informed, and evidence-based approach to therapy. Every client is unique, and I tailor our sessions to meet your specific needs and honor your values. Cliche as it sounds, when life gets hard, remember that we can do hard things!
(854) 215-3160 View (854) 215-3160
Photo of Jordan Azar Adams, Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, MEd, LPC
Jordan Azar Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, MEd, LPC
Online Only
I am a licensed professional counselor in South Carolina with 15 years of professional work experience. I am also an elementary school counselor who works with children from 4-11 years old. I have experience helping clients of all ages with managing stress anxiety, ADHD, parenting issues, anger management, self-esteem, and life changes. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
I am a licensed professional counselor in South Carolina with 15 years of professional work experience. I am also an elementary school counselor who works with children from 4-11 years old. I have experience helping clients of all ages with managing stress anxiety, ADHD, parenting issues, anger management, self-esteem, and life changes. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey.
(843) 287-9015 View (843) 287-9015
Photo of Kyndra Fowler, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, EdS, LPC-A, ADC-IP
Kyndra Fowler
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, EdS, LPC-A, ADC-IP
Charleston, SC 29407
As humans, we all need support at times, and that’s the spirit I bring into the counseling space. I view therapy as a collaborative process, where I meet you where you are and walk alongside you through life’s challenges while assisting you in building skills unique to what you bring to therapy. I work with children, teens, and adults navigating identity, trauma, life transitions, relationships, self-esteem and more. Grounded in an existential and person-centered approach, I help you make sense of your experiences, build insight, and move forward with clarity, confidence, and a deeper connection to your values, meaning and purpose.
As humans, we all need support at times, and that’s the spirit I bring into the counseling space. I view therapy as a collaborative process, where I meet you where you are and walk alongside you through life’s challenges while assisting you in building skills unique to what you bring to therapy. I work with children, teens, and adults navigating identity, trauma, life transitions, relationships, self-esteem and more. Grounded in an existential and person-centered approach, I help you make sense of your experiences, build insight, and move forward with clarity, confidence, and a deeper connection to your values, meaning and purpose.
(843) 897-7386 View (843) 897-7386

See more therapy options for Charleston

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Charleston, SC

1,000+

Average cost per session

$149

Therapists in Charleston, SC who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
95% Social Anxiety
95% Health Anxiety
95% Driving Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
74% Relationship Issues

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
69% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Charleston, SC see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Charleston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.