Therapists in Columbus, OH

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Photo of Maggi D Colwell, Art Therapist in Columbus, OH
Maggi D Colwell
Art Therapist, MS, ATR-BC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43220
You are a woman who sees the path provided to you by your parents, religion, or the dominant society isn’t working for you. You feel at odds with yourself. You wonder how you got into this pit of despair and have trouble imagining what a new way might look like. Growing up was complicated. You understand that logically. There are persistent concerns gnawing in the back of your head, criticizing you... if you could just communicate perfectly. That ball of guilt inside your chest feels like it’s getting bigger and heavier. You are ready to heal fully heal old wounds, resolve shame, and really trust yourself. You want to go deeper.
You are a woman who sees the path provided to you by your parents, religion, or the dominant society isn’t working for you. You feel at odds with yourself. You wonder how you got into this pit of despair and have trouble imagining what a new way might look like. Growing up was complicated. You understand that logically. There are persistent concerns gnawing in the back of your head, criticizing you... if you could just communicate perfectly. That ball of guilt inside your chest feels like it’s getting bigger and heavier. You are ready to heal fully heal old wounds, resolve shame, and really trust yourself. You want to go deeper.
(380) 205-0041 View (380) 205-0041
Photo of Alexis Wellman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Alexis Wellman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43203
Not accepting new clients
Do you spend time thinking about the past or constantly worried about the future? Do you seek to know yourself better? I help people change the habits and behaviors that are not serving them, so they can lead more peaceful and balanced lives here in the present moment. We will work together to understand how your past informs who you are now, but does not define it. I help clients identify their negative thinking patterns that have kept them stuck in their lives. Together we will generate new, rational alternatives that will help you gain perspective about the life you want to be living.
Do you spend time thinking about the past or constantly worried about the future? Do you seek to know yourself better? I help people change the habits and behaviors that are not serving them, so they can lead more peaceful and balanced lives here in the present moment. We will work together to understand how your past informs who you are now, but does not define it. I help clients identify their negative thinking patterns that have kept them stuck in their lives. Together we will generate new, rational alternatives that will help you gain perspective about the life you want to be living.
(614) 412-3620 View (614) 412-3620
Photo of NOCD - Therapists for OCD, Counselor in Columbus, OH
NOCD - Therapists for OCD
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
(312) 766-6780 View (312) 766-6780
Photo of PriceIsR.Y.T.E Counseling and Consultation, LLC, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
PriceIsR.Y.T.E Counseling and Consultation, LLC
Psychologist, PsyD, NCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43206  (Online Only)
PriceIsR.Y.T.E Counseling and Consultation, LLC is a psychological private practice offering therapeutic and consultative services to those in need of “Realizing Your True Essence.” While there is no right way to be or live, there is a best way to live for you. I take a holistic approach to therapy that will meet you at whatever place you are in your journey and aid you in becoming your best self. I support clients across backgrounds and identities in their desire to find meaning, clarity, and hope by means of supportive and reflective therapeutic practice and training.
PriceIsR.Y.T.E Counseling and Consultation, LLC is a psychological private practice offering therapeutic and consultative services to those in need of “Realizing Your True Essence.” While there is no right way to be or live, there is a best way to live for you. I take a holistic approach to therapy that will meet you at whatever place you are in your journey and aid you in becoming your best self. I support clients across backgrounds and identities in their desire to find meaning, clarity, and hope by means of supportive and reflective therapeutic practice and training.
(614) 654-0915 View (614) 654-0915
Photo of Paige Velez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Paige Velez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43230
I have an undergraduate degree from Charleston Southern University in Sociology and a Masters in Social Work from Wesleyan University. I have worked with adults, adolescents, children, and families for over 18 years. I specialize in depression, anxiety, PTSD, self-esteem issues, navigating conflict, boundary issues, and effective communication.
I have an undergraduate degree from Charleston Southern University in Sociology and a Masters in Social Work from Wesleyan University. I have worked with adults, adolescents, children, and families for over 18 years. I specialize in depression, anxiety, PTSD, self-esteem issues, navigating conflict, boundary issues, and effective communication.
(614) 656-7025 View (614) 656-7025
Photo of Jennie Anahata, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Jennie Anahata
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW, LICDC, OMC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43219  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, and/or substance misuse? Do you struggle with maintaining loving and harmonious relationships? If so, I offer a warm, compassionate, safe space to invite you to relax, open, and embark upon the process of healing, transforming, and awakening to your highest potential. Together we will deep dive and explore the root causes of whatever is holding you back from experiencing greater love, connection, trust, and peace of mind. Life is short, so reach out and let's get started.
Are you experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, and/or substance misuse? Do you struggle with maintaining loving and harmonious relationships? If so, I offer a warm, compassionate, safe space to invite you to relax, open, and embark upon the process of healing, transforming, and awakening to your highest potential. Together we will deep dive and explore the root causes of whatever is holding you back from experiencing greater love, connection, trust, and peace of mind. Life is short, so reach out and let's get started.
(614) 957-3929 View (614) 957-3929
Photo of Andy Erkis, Psychologist in Columbus, OH
Andy Erkis
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43235
Andy is an accomplished psychologist with over 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and their families. He is the founder of four different mental health practices each designed to serve a specific population/client at a high level. See below for information on each and feel free to reach out if you or a loved one might benefit from any of our services!
Andy is an accomplished psychologist with over 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and their families. He is the founder of four different mental health practices each designed to serve a specific population/client at a high level. See below for information on each and feel free to reach out if you or a loved one might benefit from any of our services!
(740) 997-1747 View (740) 997-1747
Photo of Queer Owned & Staffed - Affirming Pathways, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbus, OH
Queer Owned & Staffed - Affirming Pathways
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43215
We have immediate availability with multiple therapists and free consults to help you find the best fit! As a Queer-Owned and staffed group practice, we focus on supporting gender, sexual/affectional, and relationship structure diverse communities (LGBTQ+), including ethical non-monogamy, BDSM/Kink, etc. Our priority is fostering a therapeutic space where everyone feels safe, respected, and truly understood. We deeply value providing knowledgeable and affirming mental healthcare for all individuals, relationships, families, and youth.
We have immediate availability with multiple therapists and free consults to help you find the best fit! As a Queer-Owned and staffed group practice, we focus on supporting gender, sexual/affectional, and relationship structure diverse communities (LGBTQ+), including ethical non-monogamy, BDSM/Kink, etc. Our priority is fostering a therapeutic space where everyone feels safe, respected, and truly understood. We deeply value providing knowledgeable and affirming mental healthcare for all individuals, relationships, families, and youth.
(740) 273-6555 View (740) 273-6555
Photo of Hannah Donley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbus, OH
Hannah Donley
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
The world has a funny way of pointing out all the ways we seem to fall short. This often leads to thoughts and behaviors that get in our own way of personal growth and self-acceptance. Let's work to identify and focus on your strengths, change unhealthy thinking patterns, tackle challenging decisions, maintain healthy relationships, cope with difficult realities, and heal from emotional pain. I celebrate your decision to consider counseling. It is a choice that is already evidence of your strength and courage. You are unique and so should be your therapy. I utilize an integrative approach to discover together what is best for you!
The world has a funny way of pointing out all the ways we seem to fall short. This often leads to thoughts and behaviors that get in our own way of personal growth and self-acceptance. Let's work to identify and focus on your strengths, change unhealthy thinking patterns, tackle challenging decisions, maintain healthy relationships, cope with difficult realities, and heal from emotional pain. I celebrate your decision to consider counseling. It is a choice that is already evidence of your strength and courage. You are unique and so should be your therapy. I utilize an integrative approach to discover together what is best for you!
(614) 618-3923 View (614) 618-3923
Photo of Michelle Kessler, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Michelle Kessler
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43235  (Online Only)
Hello! I admire your courage to begin the counseling process. I have over 12 years experience working with people who are on the journey to being the best version of themselves. I strive to give clients practical skills to help with situational stressors. I am truly honored to help others on this platform!
Hello! I admire your courage to begin the counseling process. I have over 12 years experience working with people who are on the journey to being the best version of themselves. I strive to give clients practical skills to help with situational stressors. I am truly honored to help others on this platform!
(614) 666-6926 View (614) 666-6926
Photo of Katrina Spohn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Katrina Spohn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43235  (Online Only)
Hello, I am grateful for your time in reading this. My name is Katrina Spohn and I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker (with supervision designation) in Ohio. I come to you with 10 years of experience in direct clinical work. I have worked in a variety of settings (community, home, office-based), but was enthralled with the emergence of telehealth service delivery.
Hello, I am grateful for your time in reading this. My name is Katrina Spohn and I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker (with supervision designation) in Ohio. I come to you with 10 years of experience in direct clinical work. I have worked in a variety of settings (community, home, office-based), but was enthralled with the emergence of telehealth service delivery.
(380) 206-2059 View (380) 206-2059
Photo of Jeannine Vegh, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbus, OH
Jeannine Vegh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, IMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43231
Hello, I value good customer service and so I am doing in-person only. My clients appreciate this. It is the only way, I feel, we can spend quality time together. Healing the inner child is a process that combines work on the mind, body and spirit. If we focus only on one aspect of this process, we are continuing to neglect that which has brought harm to us. We are only healing one half or one third of our whole being. Being brave enough to consider psychotherapy is a step toward choosing to become a better person, (or partner) choosing to heal or nurture your soul.
Hello, I value good customer service and so I am doing in-person only. My clients appreciate this. It is the only way, I feel, we can spend quality time together. Healing the inner child is a process that combines work on the mind, body and spirit. If we focus only on one aspect of this process, we are continuing to neglect that which has brought harm to us. We are only healing one half or one third of our whole being. Being brave enough to consider psychotherapy is a step toward choosing to become a better person, (or partner) choosing to heal or nurture your soul.
(614) 702-2579 View (614) 702-2579
Photo of Amy Jacobs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Amy Jacobs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43212
Amy Jacobs is a Licensed Independent Social Worker with 20 years of experience in mental health, largely working with children/teens who need a higher level of support as well as those with intellectual disabilities, communication differences, and neurotypical clients with emotional/mental health concerns. As a neurodivergent-affirming and trauma-informed clinician, Amy has a passion for working with neurodivergent individuals who are often underserved in the mental health system. Amy's specialties include symptom/behavior management, coping skills, social skills, depression, anxiety, emotion regulation, grief and loss, and trauma.
Amy Jacobs is a Licensed Independent Social Worker with 20 years of experience in mental health, largely working with children/teens who need a higher level of support as well as those with intellectual disabilities, communication differences, and neurotypical clients with emotional/mental health concerns. As a neurodivergent-affirming and trauma-informed clinician, Amy has a passion for working with neurodivergent individuals who are often underserved in the mental health system. Amy's specialties include symptom/behavior management, coping skills, social skills, depression, anxiety, emotion regulation, grief and loss, and trauma.
(614) 350-3336 View (614) 350-3336
Photo of Katie Wine-Appleton, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Katie Wine-Appleton
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43220
Not accepting new clients
Licensed in OHIO and ARIZONA! Do you struggle with that little voice in your head that says "You're not good enough" or "You are guaranteed to fail so why try"? Do you feel torn between parts of you that say "Go, go, go! So much to get done" and a part that says "I can't handle this. I'm so overwhelmed"? In Internal Family Systems Therapy, we don't try to control or make these thoughts go away, we help you get into a relationship with those parts of yourself. In IFS we believe that everyone has a Self- an inner wisdom that embodies calm, clarity, compassion, creativity, connectedness, courage, confidence, and curiousity.
Licensed in OHIO and ARIZONA! Do you struggle with that little voice in your head that says "You're not good enough" or "You are guaranteed to fail so why try"? Do you feel torn between parts of you that say "Go, go, go! So much to get done" and a part that says "I can't handle this. I'm so overwhelmed"? In Internal Family Systems Therapy, we don't try to control or make these thoughts go away, we help you get into a relationship with those parts of yourself. In IFS we believe that everyone has a Self- an inner wisdom that embodies calm, clarity, compassion, creativity, connectedness, courage, confidence, and curiousity.
(614) 472-8365 View (614) 472-8365
Photo of Tara Woltz, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Columbus, OH
Tara Woltz
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43203
Hi! My name is Tara and I am the owner of Peace of Mind Counseling Service. I am a licensed professional counselor in Ohio with 7 years of clinical experience. Positive mental health is fundamental to living a healthy well-balanced life. Although the general perception of mental health has improved in recent times, people can still be fearful of the negative stigma that is attached to mental health illnesses. This can add to the anxiety and fear of seeking mental health treatment. I can provide treatment and coping skills to manage life stressors while showing clients respect and support in a therapeutically safe environment.
Hi! My name is Tara and I am the owner of Peace of Mind Counseling Service. I am a licensed professional counselor in Ohio with 7 years of clinical experience. Positive mental health is fundamental to living a healthy well-balanced life. Although the general perception of mental health has improved in recent times, people can still be fearful of the negative stigma that is attached to mental health illnesses. This can add to the anxiety and fear of seeking mental health treatment. I can provide treatment and coping skills to manage life stressors while showing clients respect and support in a therapeutically safe environment.
(614) 763-6870 View (614) 763-6870
Photo of Still Rising Consultant LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Still Rising Consultant LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW, LICDC, CHT
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43221
Still Rising Consultant LLC provides personalized care that focus on your needs in a warm and caring atmosphere. Our goal is to focus on you with your change process. We utilize attentive listening skills to hear what you want.
Still Rising Consultant LLC provides personalized care that focus on your needs in a warm and caring atmosphere. Our goal is to focus on you with your change process. We utilize attentive listening skills to hear what you want.
(614) 482-3834 View (614) 482-3834
Photo of Kimberly McLaughlin, Counselor in Columbus, OH
Kimberly McLaughlin
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43213
Kimberly received her Master's Degree from Ohio University and has been practicing for 17 years, serving a variety of populations, including adolescents in alcohol and drug treatment, schools and outpatient treatment, families and couples, and individuals in a variety of settings, including acute inpatient, outpatient, community mental health, and long term care. Kimberly's areas of emphasis include working with anxiety, depression, grief, ADHD screenings, trauma informed care, women's issues, and alcohol and drug concerns. She enjoys helping individuals develop skills and strategies to live healthier happier lives.
Kimberly received her Master's Degree from Ohio University and has been practicing for 17 years, serving a variety of populations, including adolescents in alcohol and drug treatment, schools and outpatient treatment, families and couples, and individuals in a variety of settings, including acute inpatient, outpatient, community mental health, and long term care. Kimberly's areas of emphasis include working with anxiety, depression, grief, ADHD screenings, trauma informed care, women's issues, and alcohol and drug concerns. She enjoys helping individuals develop skills and strategies to live healthier happier lives.
(380) 600-8869 View (380) 600-8869
Photo of Jessica Messersmith-Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbus, OH
Jessica Messersmith-Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Columbus, OH 43229  (Online Only)
Are you tired of being sick and tired? Are you struggling with chronic relapses and not sure why? Do you have goals but need some guidance to help you reach them? I can help! I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker and owner of Serenity Counseling Services. I specialize in Assessments and Diagnosis, Addiction, Dual Diagnosis, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Health and Wellness, Life Coaching, Grief/Bereavement, Relationships, and Co-Dependency for adults; individuals, couples, and families. I strive to provide the best treatment approach tailored to each individual which may include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Person Centered Therapy, and Solution Focused Therapy.
Are you tired of being sick and tired? Are you struggling with chronic relapses and not sure why? Do you have goals but need some guidance to help you reach them? I can help! I am a Licensed Independent Social Worker and owner of Serenity Counseling Services. I specialize in Assessments and Diagnosis, Addiction, Dual Diagnosis, Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Health and Wellness, Life Coaching, Grief/Bereavement, Relationships, and Co-Dependency for adults; individuals, couples, and families. I strive to provide the best treatment approach tailored to each individual which may include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Person Centered Therapy, and Solution Focused Therapy.
(614) 304-3182 View (614) 304-3182
Photo of Olivia Scirocco, Licensed Social Worker in Columbus, OH
Olivia Scirocco
Licensed Social Worker, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43215
Olivia Scirocco (she/her) is a Licensed Social Worker. She graduated from The Ohio State University with an undergraduate degree in psychology and a master’s degree in social work. Olivia has experience working with children, adolescents, and young adults in outpatient, inpatient, and community-based settings.
Olivia Scirocco (she/her) is a Licensed Social Worker. She graduated from The Ohio State University with an undergraduate degree in psychology and a master’s degree in social work. Olivia has experience working with children, adolescents, and young adults in outpatient, inpatient, and community-based settings.
(614) 412-1002 View (614) 412-1002
Photo of Katie Gunter in Columbus, OH
Katie Gunter
MS, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbus, OH 43212
Not accepting new clients
While I have treated a variety of client concerns, I am most passionate about helping survivors of sexual trauma, racial trauma, and those who have experienced incarceration. Helping survivors heal from past pain is something I focus on in sessions. I have worked in a variety of settings including schools, inpatient psychiatric hospitals, and outpatient counseling. I have experience with treating substance abuse, psychosis and thinking disorders, as well as personality and mood disorders. I have worked with all ages of clients but now focus on seeing adults.
While I have treated a variety of client concerns, I am most passionate about helping survivors of sexual trauma, racial trauma, and those who have experienced incarceration. Helping survivors heal from past pain is something I focus on in sessions. I have worked in a variety of settings including schools, inpatient psychiatric hospitals, and outpatient counseling. I have experience with treating substance abuse, psychosis and thinking disorders, as well as personality and mood disorders. I have worked with all ages of clients but now focus on seeing adults.
(614) 768-6606 View (614) 768-6606

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbus, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Columbus, OH who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Self Esteem
68% Relationship Issues
65% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
76% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Optum

How Therapists in Columbus, OH see their clients

61% In Person and Online
39% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbus?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.