Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Samantha Dallas, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Samantha Dallas
Counselor, MEd, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
I approach therapy with the belief that everyone deserves to be heard in a safe, non-judgmental environment. I believe that when we are in a quieter, calmer state of being that we can begin to process feelings, making healthier decisions for ourselves. Life is difficult, and sometimes we need extra support through difficult events in our life. I'm an advocate for practicing healthy boundaries and self-care so that we can keep our lives in balance.
I approach therapy with the belief that everyone deserves to be heard in a safe, non-judgmental environment. I believe that when we are in a quieter, calmer state of being that we can begin to process feelings, making healthier decisions for ourselves. Life is difficult, and sometimes we need extra support through difficult events in our life. I'm an advocate for practicing healthy boundaries and self-care so that we can keep our lives in balance.
(773) 673-9628 View (773) 673-9628
Photo of Katie Hurley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Katie Hurley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
Hello! My name is Katie Hurley. I am an LCSW licensed in both California & Illinois. I help new moms and pregnant people who are overwhelmed. My goal is for you to trust yourself and to find ease in your new role. I don’t take too many clients, so I care deeply about each person I work with. I will remember the names of your loved ones. I will want to see pictures of your dog. I will consult with your doctors, advocate for you, and send you resources outside of session. Most of all, I will be genuinely curious to hear what you have to say.
Hello! My name is Katie Hurley. I am an LCSW licensed in both California & Illinois. I help new moms and pregnant people who are overwhelmed. My goal is for you to trust yourself and to find ease in your new role. I don’t take too many clients, so I care deeply about each person I work with. I will remember the names of your loved ones. I will want to see pictures of your dog. I will consult with your doctors, advocate for you, and send you resources outside of session. Most of all, I will be genuinely curious to hear what you have to say.
(773) 692-1658 View (773) 692-1658
Photo of Dr. Sheena Hoffmann, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Sheena Hoffmann
Psychologist, PsyD, LP, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and AASECT certified sex therapist. My therapeutic style is warm and genuine. I value a team approach to client work. I utilize gender responsive treatment informed by relational therapy, and implement mind-body techniques to build self-awareness. I view clients within their social and cultural context, with the intention of helping individuals develop into their most authentic selves. My clinical specialties include: couples and intimacy, sexual functioning, compulsive sexual behavior, BDSM, and trauma. I am also attuned to the needs of the LGBT community, and have years of experience working with clients across the gender and sexuality spectrum.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist and AASECT certified sex therapist. My therapeutic style is warm and genuine. I value a team approach to client work. I utilize gender responsive treatment informed by relational therapy, and implement mind-body techniques to build self-awareness. I view clients within their social and cultural context, with the intention of helping individuals develop into their most authentic selves. My clinical specialties include: couples and intimacy, sexual functioning, compulsive sexual behavior, BDSM, and trauma. I am also attuned to the needs of the LGBT community, and have years of experience working with clients across the gender and sexuality spectrum.
(773) 657-2571 View (773) 657-2571
Photo of Partum Health in Chicago, IL
Partum Health
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Partum Health is a multi provider specialty practice dedicated to supporting individuals and couples on their journey to and through parenthood. Whether you are trying to conceive, have suffered a loss, are pregnant, or are postpartum, we are here for you. Our mental health specialists have special training and demonstrated interest in working with this patient population. Should you need it, our team consists of other multi-disciplinary support (physical therapy, lactation, acupuncture, nutrition, labor and postpartum doulas), as mental, physical and emotional concerns are often interrelated.
Partum Health is a multi provider specialty practice dedicated to supporting individuals and couples on their journey to and through parenthood. Whether you are trying to conceive, have suffered a loss, are pregnant, or are postpartum, we are here for you. Our mental health specialists have special training and demonstrated interest in working with this patient population. Should you need it, our team consists of other multi-disciplinary support (physical therapy, lactation, acupuncture, nutrition, labor and postpartum doulas), as mental, physical and emotional concerns are often interrelated.
(312) 728-8773 View (312) 728-8773
Photo of NOCD- Therapists for OCD, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
NOCD- Therapists for OCD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
(872) 242-1594 View (872) 242-1594
Photo of Nora Murphy, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Nora Murphy
Counselor, LCPC, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
Not accepting new clients
I believe counseling is one of the greatest gifts we can give to ourselves. My goal as a therapist is to help clients live happier, healthier and more productive lives. Through the use of various psychotherapy methods and collaborative treatment measures, clients can develop life-changing habits to help cope with any of life’s various obstacles. My therapy sessions are designed to address personal issues and help you gain a more positive sense of self, learn more effective coping strategies to deal with stress and discomfort, and strengthen your relationships.
I believe counseling is one of the greatest gifts we can give to ourselves. My goal as a therapist is to help clients live happier, healthier and more productive lives. Through the use of various psychotherapy methods and collaborative treatment measures, clients can develop life-changing habits to help cope with any of life’s various obstacles. My therapy sessions are designed to address personal issues and help you gain a more positive sense of self, learn more effective coping strategies to deal with stress and discomfort, and strengthen your relationships.
(872) 228-2465 View (872) 228-2465
Photo of Alana Rae Liggett, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Alana Rae Liggett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60603
Each person I have the honor of working with allows me into their life in a unique way that I value and consistently strive to gain greater humility from. I think that being Seen & Heard without judgement, and feeling truly cared for, is essential for therapy to be healing. That is why I prioritize the establishment of a safe, affirming, and honestly inclusive space for exploring the psyche through the lens in which you view your sense of Self and lived experiences. From here, it is my intention to walk alongside you on a journey of continually discovering what being authentic in this expression of self means to you.
Each person I have the honor of working with allows me into their life in a unique way that I value and consistently strive to gain greater humility from. I think that being Seen & Heard without judgement, and feeling truly cared for, is essential for therapy to be healing. That is why I prioritize the establishment of a safe, affirming, and honestly inclusive space for exploring the psyche through the lens in which you view your sense of Self and lived experiences. From here, it is my intention to walk alongside you on a journey of continually discovering what being authentic in this expression of self means to you.
(773) 839-6835 View (773) 839-6835
Photo of Arianna R Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Arianna R Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPH
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60620  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Arianna and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes everyone should feel seen, heard and affirmed. My priority as a therapist is to recognize the diverse cultural backgrounds of people with the goal of integrating that understanding into effective and respectful therapeutic interventions. I believe firmly in the impacts of our pattern of thought on our behaviors and how important it is to be intentional in how we think about ourselves, speak about ourselves and treat ourselves.
Hello! My name is Arianna and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes everyone should feel seen, heard and affirmed. My priority as a therapist is to recognize the diverse cultural backgrounds of people with the goal of integrating that understanding into effective and respectful therapeutic interventions. I believe firmly in the impacts of our pattern of thought on our behaviors and how important it is to be intentional in how we think about ourselves, speak about ourselves and treat ourselves.
(312) 465-4077 View (312) 465-4077
Photo of Rielle Johnson, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Rielle Johnson
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
Seeking therapy is an honest first step in addressing an issue in your life. This may be a new issue, one that has been distressing for some time, or a problem that you may have explored in past treatment. Whatever the particular reason for seeking therapy, I aim to provide culturally sensitive, supportive care that leads to lasting personal growth and a sense of fulfillment.
Seeking therapy is an honest first step in addressing an issue in your life. This may be a new issue, one that has been distressing for some time, or a problem that you may have explored in past treatment. Whatever the particular reason for seeking therapy, I aim to provide culturally sensitive, supportive care that leads to lasting personal growth and a sense of fulfillment.
(872) 210-5425 View (872) 210-5425
Mary Ann R Monahan
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60608
My approach is solution focused and strength based. I am nuturing and supportive and will work to build a relationship of mutual trust and respect in an environment that fosters growth and change. I will assist clients to become aware of alternative behaviors as they approach their treatment goals. Treatment goals will seek to increase an overall sense of well being and address challenges they face.
My approach is solution focused and strength based. I am nuturing and supportive and will work to build a relationship of mutual trust and respect in an environment that fosters growth and change. I will assist clients to become aware of alternative behaviors as they approach their treatment goals. Treatment goals will seek to increase an overall sense of well being and address challenges they face.
(872) 231-3319 View (872) 231-3319
Photo of Elexes Hetzel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Elexes Hetzel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, APHSW-C, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Are you feeling frustrated and overwhelmed, as if you have lost control over your own life and are unsure how to get back on track? It happens to all of us sometimes. Our minds can be our biggest enemies, where our expectations get the best of us. Allow me to collaborate with you in order to unpack your thoughts and emotions to gradually make adjustments to help you become a stronger version of yourself.
Are you feeling frustrated and overwhelmed, as if you have lost control over your own life and are unsure how to get back on track? It happens to all of us sometimes. Our minds can be our biggest enemies, where our expectations get the best of us. Allow me to collaborate with you in order to unpack your thoughts and emotions to gradually make adjustments to help you become a stronger version of yourself.
(224) 585-4666 View (224) 585-4666
Photo of Azita Afshar, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Azita Afshar
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
I consider myself to be a trauma-informed therapist. I believe that each experience in one's life leaves an imprint on the mind & body; thus, informing how one responds to the world. There is a rhyme & reason to these responses, and none of it is about being "wrong," "damaged," or "not good enough" (words I often hear from individuals in my practice). The goal of therapy with me is to help you learn to compassionately connect with, soothe and heal these hurting parts, so that you may be able to let go, engage, and thrive in your personal and professional life. I believe healing is possible for anyone willing to work at it.
I consider myself to be a trauma-informed therapist. I believe that each experience in one's life leaves an imprint on the mind & body; thus, informing how one responds to the world. There is a rhyme & reason to these responses, and none of it is about being "wrong," "damaged," or "not good enough" (words I often hear from individuals in my practice). The goal of therapy with me is to help you learn to compassionately connect with, soothe and heal these hurting parts, so that you may be able to let go, engage, and thrive in your personal and professional life. I believe healing is possible for anyone willing to work at it.
(773) 669-5985 View (773) 669-5985
Photo of Teri Cicurel, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Teri Cicurel
Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
I am a trauma informed, relational, insight-oriented psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of depression, anxiety and trauma. I am committed to providing individuals and couples with a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can begin to deepen your understanding of how you relate to yourself and others, and how patterns and behaviors act as barriers to living the life you would most like to live.
I am a trauma informed, relational, insight-oriented psychotherapist specializing in the treatment of depression, anxiety and trauma. I am committed to providing individuals and couples with a compassionate, non-judgmental space where you can begin to deepen your understanding of how you relate to yourself and others, and how patterns and behaviors act as barriers to living the life you would most like to live.
(312) 516-2461 View (312) 516-2461
Photo of Ashley Sloan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Ashley Sloan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Have you been feeling anxious, depressed, or stressed? Are you struggling to manage a physical condition and accept the impacts these struggles have on you and your relationships? I help support individuals with emotional challenges as well as those dealing with acute and chronic physical pain and illness. If you're dealing with anxiety, stress, sadness, loneliness, or the many difficulties that accompany physical pain/illness, I am here to help.
Have you been feeling anxious, depressed, or stressed? Are you struggling to manage a physical condition and accept the impacts these struggles have on you and your relationships? I help support individuals with emotional challenges as well as those dealing with acute and chronic physical pain and illness. If you're dealing with anxiety, stress, sadness, loneliness, or the many difficulties that accompany physical pain/illness, I am here to help.
(224) 291-8867 View (224) 291-8867
Photo of Conswaila Davis, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Conswaila Davis
Counselor, EdS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60637
You deserve to be unapologetically happy! If you were writing a letter to your 12-year-old self, you would likely include a similar statement. Yet, when was the last time you absolutely owned that statement when describing your personal life, marriage, relationships, or career? Somewhere along the way, have you become caught up in simply keeping up and forgotten which way you were headed? In this fast-paced, demanding world, sometimes we overlook ourselves. We forget to honor our hopes and dreams, and nurture ourselves with the basic necessities of joy, love, compassion, and forgiveness.
You deserve to be unapologetically happy! If you were writing a letter to your 12-year-old self, you would likely include a similar statement. Yet, when was the last time you absolutely owned that statement when describing your personal life, marriage, relationships, or career? Somewhere along the way, have you become caught up in simply keeping up and forgotten which way you were headed? In this fast-paced, demanding world, sometimes we overlook ourselves. We forget to honor our hopes and dreams, and nurture ourselves with the basic necessities of joy, love, compassion, and forgiveness.
(773) 839-3186 View (773) 839-3186
Photo of Dr. Louis Formica, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Louis Formica
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Counseling can strengthen your ability to recognize and make choices in your life that align with the person you want to be. I can help you cope with difficult emotions and develop a strong sense of self-compassion and acceptance. I am most passionate about addressing concerns related to anxiety, depression, trauma, and sexual health. A significant portion of my career has been focused on serving LGBTQ+ people and communities, and I pay close attention to cultural factors and the ways in which they impact a person's vantage point in this world.
Counseling can strengthen your ability to recognize and make choices in your life that align with the person you want to be. I can help you cope with difficult emotions and develop a strong sense of self-compassion and acceptance. I am most passionate about addressing concerns related to anxiety, depression, trauma, and sexual health. A significant portion of my career has been focused on serving LGBTQ+ people and communities, and I pay close attention to cultural factors and the ways in which they impact a person's vantage point in this world.
(312) 957-8322 View (312) 957-8322
Photo of Trissa Dodson, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Trissa Dodson
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MAATC, LCPC, LMHC, ATR
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60643  (Online Only)
I believe healing and growth thrive within a trusting and collaborative relationship. If you are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, confused, or uninspired, I can help guide you towards clarity and meaning. I will encourage you to be reflective about your experiences, support new explorations, and compassionately challenge you to help you reach your definition wellness. I work in a variety of modalities that support the healing of trauma. I am a Registered Art Therapist. I'm trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and I'm in the process of earning AASECT-approved Certification in Sex Therapy (CST).
I believe healing and growth thrive within a trusting and collaborative relationship. If you are feeling stuck, overwhelmed, confused, or uninspired, I can help guide you towards clarity and meaning. I will encourage you to be reflective about your experiences, support new explorations, and compassionately challenge you to help you reach your definition wellness. I work in a variety of modalities that support the healing of trauma. I am a Registered Art Therapist. I'm trained in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and I'm in the process of earning AASECT-approved Certification in Sex Therapy (CST).
(773) 694-4550 View (773) 694-4550
Photo of Leslie Poulos, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Leslie Poulos
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Are you feeling lost in who you are or who you're becoming? Are you finding yourself entering a transition in your career, education, or relationships? It can be hard to identify, ask for, or obtain the types of emotional support that would help you feel more understood and grounded in your life. Perhaps you're looking to build skills to cope with the demands of your daily life and navigating relationships. You may also be navigating an environment that isn't affirming or even safe for your identities.
Are you feeling lost in who you are or who you're becoming? Are you finding yourself entering a transition in your career, education, or relationships? It can be hard to identify, ask for, or obtain the types of emotional support that would help you feel more understood and grounded in your life. Perhaps you're looking to build skills to cope with the demands of your daily life and navigating relationships. You may also be navigating an environment that isn't affirming or even safe for your identities.
(773) 786-9286 x520 View (773) 786-9286 x520
Photo of Raven Juergensen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Raven Juergensen
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60641
Life has a funny way of doing the exact opposite of what you’d hope—and when it does, it feels anything but funny. It may feel closer to being stuck, out of control, or somewhere in between. Above all else it feels bleak, and I’m not here to tell you it isn’t. But I can tell you the good news: no matter what you'r bringing to therapy, you carry the coolest, most beautiful parts of being human within you already. I work with individuals and couples to help them reconnect to their true selves so they can shine—in good times and bad.
Life has a funny way of doing the exact opposite of what you’d hope—and when it does, it feels anything but funny. It may feel closer to being stuck, out of control, or somewhere in between. Above all else it feels bleak, and I’m not here to tell you it isn’t. But I can tell you the good news: no matter what you'r bringing to therapy, you carry the coolest, most beautiful parts of being human within you already. I work with individuals and couples to help them reconnect to their true selves so they can shine—in good times and bad.
(773) 741-4895 x522 View (773) 741-4895 x522
Photo of Neil Simonton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Neil Simonton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
When life feels unmanageable, you may worry that it won't get better. Working with a therapist can help you envision and build a more meaningful and engaged life. In a warm and non-judgmental manner, I collaborate with adults and adolescents to empower internal changes and navigate the challenges that are holding them back. My approach to therapy starts with developing a genuine and supportive relationship, merging nearly 20 years of experience and training with humor and warmth to develop a connection creating new exploration and possibilities.
When life feels unmanageable, you may worry that it won't get better. Working with a therapist can help you envision and build a more meaningful and engaged life. In a warm and non-judgmental manner, I collaborate with adults and adolescents to empower internal changes and navigate the challenges that are holding them back. My approach to therapy starts with developing a genuine and supportive relationship, merging nearly 20 years of experience and training with humor and warmth to develop a connection creating new exploration and possibilities.
(312) 471-9792 View (312) 471-9792

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.