Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Taylor Isaacson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Taylor Isaacson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
We all deserve space to be our full selves. I view my role as therapist as a co-explorer – I walk alongside you as you navigate your authentic experience of this world. In session, we follow what feels present for you in the moment and approach what arises with curiosity. This mindful awareness helps us meet and build relationship with more “parts” of you. I aim to allow all of you in. Eventually, this process of being “more you” can lead to a more grounded and connected existence, one in which you find yourself with more choice, agency, and fulfillment in life.
We all deserve space to be our full selves. I view my role as therapist as a co-explorer – I walk alongside you as you navigate your authentic experience of this world. In session, we follow what feels present for you in the moment and approach what arises with curiosity. This mindful awareness helps us meet and build relationship with more “parts” of you. I aim to allow all of you in. Eventually, this process of being “more you” can lead to a more grounded and connected existence, one in which you find yourself with more choice, agency, and fulfillment in life.
(415) 326-9895 View (415) 326-9895
Photo of Brooke Dougherty, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Brooke Dougherty
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Joy and suffering are fundamental to the experience of being human. Let therapy help you tip the scales to the more joyful side, more often.
Joy and suffering are fundamental to the experience of being human. Let therapy help you tip the scales to the more joyful side, more often.
(415) 360-7074 View (415) 360-7074
Photo of Kristin Bradach, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Kristin Bradach
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
With 25+ years of experience as a clinical psychologist, I provide compassionate, personalized care to college students and adults of all ages. I help clients find their best path, whether that be by managing emotional or interpersonal distress, or negotiating major life transitions such as job changes, parenthood, separations, loss and other challenges.
With 25+ years of experience as a clinical psychologist, I provide compassionate, personalized care to college students and adults of all ages. I help clients find their best path, whether that be by managing emotional or interpersonal distress, or negotiating major life transitions such as job changes, parenthood, separations, loss and other challenges.
(415) 539-2963 View (415) 539-2963
Photo of Bryan Russo, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Bryan Russo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Too often psychotherapy focuses on causality, pathology and cures. However, rather than being "sick" or 'broken", often we are just lost inside ourselves or relationships. Everyone is a unique person with their own story, experience and perspective. The goal of therapy is to achieve a deeper awareness of where we are, to discover internal meaning for our many experiences, and to experience a life worth living. While working towards that awareness, I also feel it important to teach individuals, couples and families the skills needed to cope with the pain and day to day stressors that bring them into therapy.
Too often psychotherapy focuses on causality, pathology and cures. However, rather than being "sick" or 'broken", often we are just lost inside ourselves or relationships. Everyone is a unique person with their own story, experience and perspective. The goal of therapy is to achieve a deeper awareness of where we are, to discover internal meaning for our many experiences, and to experience a life worth living. While working towards that awareness, I also feel it important to teach individuals, couples and families the skills needed to cope with the pain and day to day stressors that bring them into therapy.
(415) 449-7330 View (415) 449-7330
Photo of Vonceil Yara, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Vonceil Yara
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Waitlist for new clients
As we embark on this therapeutic journey together, please know that this is a safe space, a place of acceptance, where we can openly explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. We will collaboratively address the challenges you're facing. Recognizing and embracing the role of our cultural backgrounds and life experiences in shaping us, I always strive to bring a culturally sensitive and inclusive lens to our interactions. I believe that our diverse backgrounds aren't just an important part of our identities, but also contribute to our resilience and capacity for growth and change.
As we embark on this therapeutic journey together, please know that this is a safe space, a place of acceptance, where we can openly explore your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. We will collaboratively address the challenges you're facing. Recognizing and embracing the role of our cultural backgrounds and life experiences in shaping us, I always strive to bring a culturally sensitive and inclusive lens to our interactions. I believe that our diverse backgrounds aren't just an important part of our identities, but also contribute to our resilience and capacity for growth and change.
(415) 915-5860 View (415) 915-5860
Photo of Dorothy Fitzer, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dorothy Fitzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, GCFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
I am a body-centered psychotherapist and shaman specializing in working with people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I especially love to work with people that wish to embark on the deep, transformational journey of core healing and living authentically. I have nearly 3 decades of body-centered experience including Chi Gung, Tai Chi, Taoist Breathing and Meditation, the Feldenkrais Method, and Somatic Experiencing. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a private practice in San Francisco. I work with clients via skype and the phone as well as in-person.
I am a body-centered psychotherapist and shaman specializing in working with people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I especially love to work with people that wish to embark on the deep, transformational journey of core healing and living authentically. I have nearly 3 decades of body-centered experience including Chi Gung, Tai Chi, Taoist Breathing and Meditation, the Feldenkrais Method, and Somatic Experiencing. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a private practice in San Francisco. I work with clients via skype and the phone as well as in-person.
(415) 423-2725 View (415) 423-2725
Photo of Tessa Gordon - Eating Disorder Specialist, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Tessa Gordon - Eating Disorder Specialist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, RYT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123  (Online Only)
Eating disorders can feel hopeless, but they aren’t. Whether this is your first time seeking help or your umpteenth time, I believe everyone can recover.  Just as there are many reasons why an eating disorder manifests in your life, the way you recover will be just as unique. If there was a one-size-fits-all solution, that would perhaps be as deceptive as the problem itself. Whether it’s perfectionism, judgment, loneliness, self-improvement, health, fear, family issues… Together we will discover what invites these problems into your life and begin to find what recovery means for you.
Eating disorders can feel hopeless, but they aren’t. Whether this is your first time seeking help or your umpteenth time, I believe everyone can recover.  Just as there are many reasons why an eating disorder manifests in your life, the way you recover will be just as unique. If there was a one-size-fits-all solution, that would perhaps be as deceptive as the problem itself. Whether it’s perfectionism, judgment, loneliness, self-improvement, health, fear, family issues… Together we will discover what invites these problems into your life and begin to find what recovery means for you.
(415) 300-4582 View (415) 300-4582
Photo of Helen Kwon Kalanithi, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Helen Kwon Kalanithi
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Not accepting new clients
I help high-achieving sensitive people from immigrant and other diverse backgrounds connect more to their authentic selves and thrive. You are a high performer---maybe even the go-to person for other people. Perhaps you identify as an introvert, empath/HSP, creative, changemaker, or healer. You feel deeply, and are concerned about others. Outwardly, you’ve held it together, worked hard to keep others happy. But inside, you're exhausted, frustrated with yourself and others, feeling unseen. You don’t have to do this work alone, amidst the existential grief of the pandemic and persisting inequalities. I'm here for you. I can relate.
I help high-achieving sensitive people from immigrant and other diverse backgrounds connect more to their authentic selves and thrive. You are a high performer---maybe even the go-to person for other people. Perhaps you identify as an introvert, empath/HSP, creative, changemaker, or healer. You feel deeply, and are concerned about others. Outwardly, you’ve held it together, worked hard to keep others happy. But inside, you're exhausted, frustrated with yourself and others, feeling unseen. You don’t have to do this work alone, amidst the existential grief of the pandemic and persisting inequalities. I'm here for you. I can relate.
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Photo of Triona Coyle, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Triona Coyle
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in working with adults and teens in the Bay Area. I utilize evidence based practices stemming from an integrative approach to encourage and provide support, comfort, and productivity within the therapeutic process. I work with each client to develop healthy goals to support positive change. My expertise includes depression, anxiety, adjustment difficulties, ADHD, relationship issues, perinatal support, trauma, grief and loss, as well as life phase transitions.
I'm a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in working with adults and teens in the Bay Area. I utilize evidence based practices stemming from an integrative approach to encourage and provide support, comfort, and productivity within the therapeutic process. I work with each client to develop healthy goals to support positive change. My expertise includes depression, anxiety, adjustment difficulties, ADHD, relationship issues, perinatal support, trauma, grief and loss, as well as life phase transitions.
(415) 963-3718 View (415) 963-3718
Photo of Leonora Gorelik, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Leonora Gorelik
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
Leonora Gorelik, LCSW I like to focus on your strengths & skills you already have to help you overcome life challenges on your journey towards healing, growth & self-empowerment. I believe everyone is capable of gaining insight & introspection to live a happier life. I prefer a person-centered, supportive environment. I'm here to assist you on your journey towards understanding your emotions, restructured thoughts, and self-compassion. I want to help you heal challenging past experiences while creating room for growth and change in your life.
Leonora Gorelik, LCSW I like to focus on your strengths & skills you already have to help you overcome life challenges on your journey towards healing, growth & self-empowerment. I believe everyone is capable of gaining insight & introspection to live a happier life. I prefer a person-centered, supportive environment. I'm here to assist you on your journey towards understanding your emotions, restructured thoughts, and self-compassion. I want to help you heal challenging past experiences while creating room for growth and change in your life.
(415) 891-0253 View (415) 891-0253
Photo of Kate Leffel, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kate Leffel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I believe beginning therapy takes courage and I have the utmost respect for anyone taking that risk. I strive to create a warm space of acceptance for wherever you may be in your journey. For as long as I can remember I've been interested in people's stories. It's not surprising that I ended up doing the work I do. As a therapist, I listen to a person and help them make sense of both their struggles and their strengths. I help my clients find meaning in their experience and move forward to create new stories about themselves and the world around them.
I believe beginning therapy takes courage and I have the utmost respect for anyone taking that risk. I strive to create a warm space of acceptance for wherever you may be in your journey. For as long as I can remember I've been interested in people's stories. It's not surprising that I ended up doing the work I do. As a therapist, I listen to a person and help them make sense of both their struggles and their strengths. I help my clients find meaning in their experience and move forward to create new stories about themselves and the world around them.
(415) 792-0157 View (415) 792-0157
Photo of Melanie R. Cleary, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Melanie R. Cleary
Psychologist, MS, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Therapy is a confidential space to explore areas where you are feeling stuck, experiencing difficulty, or contemplating change, with the goal of feeling more confident and whole as a person. I work with adult individuals who seek a deeper understanding of, and relief from, their suffering: depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, relationship problems, spiritual/existential questions, and various forms of addiction (pornography, hypersexuality, substance abuse). Many times, addiction is accompanied by interactions with the legal system and therapy can be a safe space to process thoughts and feelings about legal problems or incarceration.
Therapy is a confidential space to explore areas where you are feeling stuck, experiencing difficulty, or contemplating change, with the goal of feeling more confident and whole as a person. I work with adult individuals who seek a deeper understanding of, and relief from, their suffering: depression, anxiety, trauma, grief, relationship problems, spiritual/existential questions, and various forms of addiction (pornography, hypersexuality, substance abuse). Many times, addiction is accompanied by interactions with the legal system and therapy can be a safe space to process thoughts and feelings about legal problems or incarceration.
(415) 449-0043 View (415) 449-0043
Photo of Gary Stolzoff, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Gary Stolzoff
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109
I have been in private practice since 1981 and I am a Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at UCSF Medical School. I am dedicated to working collaboratively with people to efficiently address their clinical issues with warmth and compassion.
I have been in private practice since 1981 and I am a Clinical Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at UCSF Medical School. I am dedicated to working collaboratively with people to efficiently address their clinical issues with warmth and compassion.
(415) 689-8685 View (415) 689-8685
Photo of Jennifer Carri, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jennifer Carri
Marriage & Family Therapist, JD, LPCC, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
One of the goals of therapy is to make you more aware of your feelings, thoughts, and actions, which influence the way you live your life. Having more understanding and insight about why you do what you do will give you more choices. Sometimes we feel like we repeat patterns or are stuck in a situation and don’t know how to do something different. I can help you work through difficult times you are encountering in the present and also help to heal past traumas. Therapy can help you act with intention and in support of your personal goals.
One of the goals of therapy is to make you more aware of your feelings, thoughts, and actions, which influence the way you live your life. Having more understanding and insight about why you do what you do will give you more choices. Sometimes we feel like we repeat patterns or are stuck in a situation and don’t know how to do something different. I can help you work through difficult times you are encountering in the present and also help to heal past traumas. Therapy can help you act with intention and in support of your personal goals.
(415) 820-1698 View (415) 820-1698
Photo of Kaitlin Doran, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Kaitlin Doran
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Dr. Kaitlin Doran is a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in chronic pain management, depression and anxiety, LGBTQIA issues, women’s health issues, and life transitions. Her approach is warm and collaborative, informed by interpersonal and emotion-focused theories. She fosters a safe and nurturing environment from which to gain greater insight and confidence through genuineness, interest, and humor.
Dr. Kaitlin Doran is a licensed clinical psychologist with expertise in chronic pain management, depression and anxiety, LGBTQIA issues, women’s health issues, and life transitions. Her approach is warm and collaborative, informed by interpersonal and emotion-focused theories. She fosters a safe and nurturing environment from which to gain greater insight and confidence through genuineness, interest, and humor.
(628) 200-3679 View (628) 200-3679
Photo of Gilbert A. Woo, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Gilbert A. Woo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117
Gilbert received his M.S. in Clinical Psychology from San Francisco State University with internships at UCSF and SFGH Psychiatry Departments. For 7 years, he was the Mental Health Director at UCSF Epilepsy Center. He has been working with individuals with seizures since 2004 and has provided psychotherapy in a variety of settings, including child adolescent services and LGBT community clinics. He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of San Francisco.
Gilbert received his M.S. in Clinical Psychology from San Francisco State University with internships at UCSF and SFGH Psychiatry Departments. For 7 years, he was the Mental Health Director at UCSF Epilepsy Center. He has been working with individuals with seizures since 2004 and has provided psychotherapy in a variety of settings, including child adolescent services and LGBT community clinics. He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of San Francisco.
(415) 449-1667 View (415) 449-1667
Photo of Alicia 'logan' Barrs, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alicia 'logan' Barrs
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Not accepting new clients
Ms. Barrs (“Logan”) is an expert in the field of trauma resolution. She believes that adult concerns have origins in trauma...whether from the accumulation of small stressful events over time (micro traumas), larger traumatic events throughout the lifespan, or difficult experiences during childhood/adolescence. Logan uses an integrated approach to counseling and is fully certified in the somatic based modalities of Brainspotting, Mindfulness, and EMDR. Other therapeutic modalities include Ego States Work/Parts Work, Exposure Therapies, Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and more.
Ms. Barrs (“Logan”) is an expert in the field of trauma resolution. She believes that adult concerns have origins in trauma...whether from the accumulation of small stressful events over time (micro traumas), larger traumatic events throughout the lifespan, or difficult experiences during childhood/adolescence. Logan uses an integrated approach to counseling and is fully certified in the somatic based modalities of Brainspotting, Mindfulness, and EMDR. Other therapeutic modalities include Ego States Work/Parts Work, Exposure Therapies, Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills, Cognitive Processing Therapy, and more.
(715) 226-4505 View (715) 226-4505
Photo of Jim Torrens, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Jim Torrens
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
How often do you feel heard and accepted, just as you are? My goal is to create a space for deep listening, where you feel heard, understood, and accepted, not only by me, but also by yourself. I begin with gratitude for being invited into your life. As we get to know each other, I join in your experience and work with you to acknowledge and understand your pain and joy. Throughout, I maintain the conviction that you have the resources you need to respond to the difficulties in your life, even if you don’t yet feel that way.
How often do you feel heard and accepted, just as you are? My goal is to create a space for deep listening, where you feel heard, understood, and accepted, not only by me, but also by yourself. I begin with gratitude for being invited into your life. As we get to know each other, I join in your experience and work with you to acknowledge and understand your pain and joy. Throughout, I maintain the conviction that you have the resources you need to respond to the difficulties in your life, even if you don’t yet feel that way.
(415) 594-5283 View (415) 594-5283
Photo of Hector Saavedra, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Hector Saavedra
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I am a dedicated and committed LMFT who is dedicated to guiding clients in their therapeutic journey. I am a graduate of the MFT program at the University of Southern California. In the past, I have worked in various settings such as universities, schools, and clinics; in these settings, I have worked with those struggling with depression, anxiety, ADHD, addiction, and many other issues.
I am a dedicated and committed LMFT who is dedicated to guiding clients in their therapeutic journey. I am a graduate of the MFT program at the University of Southern California. In the past, I have worked in various settings such as universities, schools, and clinics; in these settings, I have worked with those struggling with depression, anxiety, ADHD, addiction, and many other issues.
(415) 275-6420 View (415) 275-6420
Photo of Nina Atanassova, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Nina Atanassova
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94112  (Online Only)
In my practice, I believe that the process of change requires an approach that is tailored to each individual's unique style and needs. I strive to create a collaborative, caring, and supportive atmosphere that will assist you in identifying and changing the thoughts, the behaviors, and the interpersonal styles that are no longer effective for you. I offer confidential, supportive and caring environment free of judgment that will facilitate your journey through difficulties and challenges.
In my practice, I believe that the process of change requires an approach that is tailored to each individual's unique style and needs. I strive to create a collaborative, caring, and supportive atmosphere that will assist you in identifying and changing the thoughts, the behaviors, and the interpersonal styles that are no longer effective for you. I offer confidential, supportive and caring environment free of judgment that will facilitate your journey through difficulties and challenges.
(628) 244-9011 View (628) 244-9011

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.