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Online Therapists

Photo of Deborah Kerr, Licensed Professional Counselor in York Springs, PA
Deborah Kerr
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sanatoga, PA 19464  (Online Only)
Are you struggling to reconnect with yourself? Have you lost a sense of peace and security in your life? There are so many reasons that this may be happening. Some of the most common ones are recent life changes, relationship issues, grief, family issues, or childhood trauma. Or, maybe you aren't quite sure how things got to this point. You are not alone, and there IS hope. Together we can move the barriers that are getting in the way of the healthy, peaceful, and meaningful life that you deserve. Therapy is an amazing process that can change your life. I am eager to hear your story and help you find your way.
Are you struggling to reconnect with yourself? Have you lost a sense of peace and security in your life? There are so many reasons that this may be happening. Some of the most common ones are recent life changes, relationship issues, grief, family issues, or childhood trauma. Or, maybe you aren't quite sure how things got to this point. You are not alone, and there IS hope. Together we can move the barriers that are getting in the way of the healthy, peaceful, and meaningful life that you deserve. Therapy is an amazing process that can change your life. I am eager to hear your story and help you find your way.
(215) 593-2408 View (215) 593-2408
Photo of Megan Schlude, Licensed Professional Counselor in York Springs, PA
Megan Schlude
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Media, PA 19063
I also work with a wide range of other presenting issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, etc.
Are you a new mom (or even a seasoned mom!) and having difficulty within your role? Motherhood is hard. And your experience as a mother is important. I can help. I have devoted my practice to helping mothers create more satisfying, productive, and peaceful lives. I believe in the healing powers of the therapeutic relationship and work hard to foster a genuine connection with my clients. Our sessions will be interactive and collaborative. I have a great passion for 'helping people help themselves' and work in a participatory manner with my clients. I look forward to being on the journey to wellness with you.
I also work with a wide range of other presenting issues such as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, etc.
Are you a new mom (or even a seasoned mom!) and having difficulty within your role? Motherhood is hard. And your experience as a mother is important. I can help. I have devoted my practice to helping mothers create more satisfying, productive, and peaceful lives. I believe in the healing powers of the therapeutic relationship and work hard to foster a genuine connection with my clients. Our sessions will be interactive and collaborative. I have a great passion for 'helping people help themselves' and work in a participatory manner with my clients. I look forward to being on the journey to wellness with you.
(484) 209-1402 View (484) 209-1402
Photo of Laura Simonelli PhD, Premier Health Psychology LLC, Psychologist in York Springs, PA
Laura Simonelli PhD, Premier Health Psychology LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Harleysville, PA 19438  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed by uncomfortable emotions like anxiety, sadness, grief or stress? If you are ready to experience compassionate support, personal growth, and meaningful change, you’ve found the right place. For over 15 years, I've been using collaborative evidence-based approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help clients develop coping skills for managing stress and emotions. I also offer Acceptance & Commitment Therapy for those interested in mindfulness and achieving values-driven personal goals, and Schema Therapy - an integrative approach to challenge long-standing unhelpful life and relationship patterns.
Feeling overwhelmed by uncomfortable emotions like anxiety, sadness, grief or stress? If you are ready to experience compassionate support, personal growth, and meaningful change, you’ve found the right place. For over 15 years, I've been using collaborative evidence-based approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help clients develop coping skills for managing stress and emotions. I also offer Acceptance & Commitment Therapy for those interested in mindfulness and achieving values-driven personal goals, and Schema Therapy - an integrative approach to challenge long-standing unhelpful life and relationship patterns.
(267) 932-7464 View (267) 932-7464
Photo of Sascha Baello, Pre-Licensed Professional in York Springs, PA
Sascha Baello
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Royersford, PA 19468  (Online Only)
Are you currently in a toxic relationship? Have you gotten out of a toxic relationship and don't know where to go from here? Do you feel isolated or like no one understands what you are going through? My passion centers around helping clients to find their inner strength to heal from these relationships, understand their experience, and empower them to move forward into a new, healthier life.
Are you currently in a toxic relationship? Have you gotten out of a toxic relationship and don't know where to go from here? Do you feel isolated or like no one understands what you are going through? My passion centers around helping clients to find their inner strength to heal from these relationships, understand their experience, and empower them to move forward into a new, healthier life.
(610) 998-3758 View (610) 998-3758
Photo of Becky Walter, Psychologist in York Springs, PA
Becky Walter
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Wayne, PA 19087
People seek out therapy for a variety of reasons, such as to address an already identified concern, to develop a particular coping skill set, or to enhance self-confidence and quality of life. I work to establish a trusting therapeutic relationship within which a client can share their unique story with a felt sense of validation, empathy, and hope. I work collaboratively with clients as we bare witness to the client's lived experiences looking through a lens of compassionate curiosity and establishing empowered self-agency that leads to patterns of intentional action and overall well-being.
People seek out therapy for a variety of reasons, such as to address an already identified concern, to develop a particular coping skill set, or to enhance self-confidence and quality of life. I work to establish a trusting therapeutic relationship within which a client can share their unique story with a felt sense of validation, empathy, and hope. I work collaboratively with clients as we bare witness to the client's lived experiences looking through a lens of compassionate curiosity and establishing empowered self-agency that leads to patterns of intentional action and overall well-being.
(267) 214-1254 View (267) 214-1254
Photo of Pam Cooper Reimund, Licensed Professional Counselor in York Springs, PA
Pam Cooper Reimund
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LLC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19382
Are you tired of feeling like you don't matter? Life is made up of many relationships. Some of them are very rewarding - you couldn't live without them! Then there are....well lets just say "the others". In these relationships, you question yourself, you question your perspective, you dont feel "safe", you question how you got here....in this place where you feel powerless, marginalized and invisible. Maybe you are suffering from Relationship Abuse? No wonder you feel anxious and depressed!
Are you tired of feeling like you don't matter? Life is made up of many relationships. Some of them are very rewarding - you couldn't live without them! Then there are....well lets just say "the others". In these relationships, you question yourself, you question your perspective, you dont feel "safe", you question how you got here....in this place where you feel powerless, marginalized and invisible. Maybe you are suffering from Relationship Abuse? No wonder you feel anxious and depressed!
(484) 436-2209 x2 View (484) 436-2209 x2
Photo of Nicole Marie Mallory, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York Springs, PA
Nicole Marie Mallory
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Harrisburg, PA 17112
Waitlist for new clients
Some of my specialties are: trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, grief/loss, career changes, and relationship issues.
"We can always start again. Or start over." Hello, and welcome. Why suffer longer than you need to? I invite you to come sit on my cozy couch in a peaceful environment where you will receive essential tips about how to release that dead weight that has been dragging you down. My ideal client is tired of their mental health taking over. They are tired of their anxiety keeping them up at night. They are tired of their crappy mood affecting their relationships with others. They are tired of not following their dreams. They are tired- but they are willing to heal to live.
Some of my specialties are: trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, grief/loss, career changes, and relationship issues.
"We can always start again. Or start over." Hello, and welcome. Why suffer longer than you need to? I invite you to come sit on my cozy couch in a peaceful environment where you will receive essential tips about how to release that dead weight that has been dragging you down. My ideal client is tired of their mental health taking over. They are tired of their anxiety keeping them up at night. They are tired of their crappy mood affecting their relationships with others. They are tired of not following their dreams. They are tired- but they are willing to heal to live.
(717) 929-8716 View (717) 929-8716
Photo of VITA Counseling Partners, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York Springs, PA
VITA Counseling Partners
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palmerton, PA 18071
VITA Counseling Partners is an outpatient, private practice committed to providing a broad range of effective, client-centered and solution-focused evaluation and treatment services for managing issues of everyday life for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. Our mission is to help clients learn about themselves and guide them towards more productive and fulfilling lives. We view the relationship between counselor and client as a partnership, working together to set realistic and achievable goals to help you overcome your most complex personal hardships in a comfortable and confidential setting.
VITA Counseling Partners is an outpatient, private practice committed to providing a broad range of effective, client-centered and solution-focused evaluation and treatment services for managing issues of everyday life for children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. Our mission is to help clients learn about themselves and guide them towards more productive and fulfilling lives. We view the relationship between counselor and client as a partnership, working together to set realistic and achievable goals to help you overcome your most complex personal hardships in a comfortable and confidential setting.
(855) 826-8482 View (855) 826-8482
Photo of Clarissa (Lisa) Reed, Licensed Professional Counselor in York Springs, PA
Clarissa (Lisa) Reed
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, CAADC
Verified Verified
Altoona, PA 16602
I work with individuals and couples, from ages 14 to 85. I address issues such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, grief, drug and alcohol addiction, marital and relationship issues, positive communication, positive parenting, behavior modification, goal and career setting, self esteem, personality and relationship enhancement. My view of counseling is a helping process. Helping you make positive choices about what you want to be, have, do, and give to others, and live a happy life. I will help you learn about your personality type and cope with stressors and past traumas in a confidential, safe and accepting environment.
I work with individuals and couples, from ages 14 to 85. I address issues such as anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, grief, drug and alcohol addiction, marital and relationship issues, positive communication, positive parenting, behavior modification, goal and career setting, self esteem, personality and relationship enhancement. My view of counseling is a helping process. Helping you make positive choices about what you want to be, have, do, and give to others, and live a happy life. I will help you learn about your personality type and cope with stressors and past traumas in a confidential, safe and accepting environment.
(814) 414-0767 View (814) 414-0767
Photo of Tia Pinkson-Burke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York Springs, PA
Tia Pinkson-Burke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19151
In my work I rely on authentic relationship building, humor, genuine curiosity and warmth towards my clients, deep empathy, and gentle honesty.
I utilize an eclectic, psychoanalytic, and relational approach while employing a strong racial justice, feminist, and queer theory lens. I practice from a fat-lib, sex-positive, and intersectional feminist perspective. I believe that one's past informs how they interact with and experience the world. Healing takes place as one fosters empathy and consideration for their past and present selves. The therapeutic relationship allows for gaining deeper perspective and understanding of oneself. I strive to build genuine and earnest rapport with my clients by being deeply nonjudgmental and always practicing with respect.
In my work I rely on authentic relationship building, humor, genuine curiosity and warmth towards my clients, deep empathy, and gentle honesty.
I utilize an eclectic, psychoanalytic, and relational approach while employing a strong racial justice, feminist, and queer theory lens. I practice from a fat-lib, sex-positive, and intersectional feminist perspective. I believe that one's past informs how they interact with and experience the world. Healing takes place as one fosters empathy and consideration for their past and present selves. The therapeutic relationship allows for gaining deeper perspective and understanding of oneself. I strive to build genuine and earnest rapport with my clients by being deeply nonjudgmental and always practicing with respect.
(215) 709-6363 View (215) 709-6363
Photo of Debbie Waterman, Psychologist in York Springs, PA
Debbie Waterman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
West Chester, PA 19380
In addition to helping people solve anxiety, depression and relationship concerns, my special interests include working with people with chronic illness and infertility.
My style as a therapist is characterized by warmth, honesty, and a non-judgmental, open approach. I strive to help patients understand the nature of their problems and create solutions that can be brought about in a relatively short period of time. I use a range of interventions, including humanistic, existential and psychodynamic approaches. I encourage clients to consider their strengths, take an active role in psychotherapy, and practice positive change in their lives.
In addition to helping people solve anxiety, depression and relationship concerns, my special interests include working with people with chronic illness and infertility.
My style as a therapist is characterized by warmth, honesty, and a non-judgmental, open approach. I strive to help patients understand the nature of their problems and create solutions that can be brought about in a relatively short period of time. I use a range of interventions, including humanistic, existential and psychodynamic approaches. I encourage clients to consider their strengths, take an active role in psychotherapy, and practice positive change in their lives.
(610) 915-8633 View (610) 915-8633
Photo of Kimberly A Woodling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York Springs, PA
Kimberly A Woodling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bethlehem, PA 18017
Kimberly Woodling is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, who utilizes insight and emotion-oriented approaches to assist patients experiencing various psychological and social challenges. Kim believes that breakthroughs and enhancements to overall relational, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functioning will occur as a person increases their self-awareness, and acquaints themselves with their full range emotions, contradictory feelings, interpersonal patterns, and defenses. She helps her patients scratch beneath their surface to explore unmet expectations, and unproductive patterns of behavior that keep them stuck and unsatisfied. Kim views the therapeutic process as a personal "journey" and places a strong emphasis on developing a trusting relationship with her patients, which she deems as vital to growth and symptom reduction. Kim believes in every person’s ability to live successful, fulfilling lives. Her sessions are laid back, relaxed, and she can assist patients in finding the humor or silver lining in difficult situations. She is passionate about empowering individuals, and helping them recognize their own strengths and abilities to cope with stress and challenges.
Kimberly Woodling is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, who utilizes insight and emotion-oriented approaches to assist patients experiencing various psychological and social challenges. Kim believes that breakthroughs and enhancements to overall relational, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functioning will occur as a person increases their self-awareness, and acquaints themselves with their full range emotions, contradictory feelings, interpersonal patterns, and defenses. She helps her patients scratch beneath their surface to explore unmet expectations, and unproductive patterns of behavior that keep them stuck and unsatisfied. Kim views the therapeutic process as a personal "journey" and places a strong emphasis on developing a trusting relationship with her patients, which she deems as vital to growth and symptom reduction. Kim believes in every person’s ability to live successful, fulfilling lives. Her sessions are laid back, relaxed, and she can assist patients in finding the humor or silver lining in difficult situations. She is passionate about empowering individuals, and helping them recognize their own strengths and abilities to cope with stress and challenges.
(484) 866-8099 View (484) 866-8099
Photo of Kathryn (Kathy) E. Angell, Psychologist in York Springs, PA
Kathryn (Kathy) E. Angell
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Are you tired of feeling down, stressed, overwhelmed or just not yourself? Do you need help to address your obsessive thoughts, insomnia, or problems with eating, getting things done or your relationship? As a licensed PhD-level clinical psychologist trained at top-ranked universities, I help many adults in Pennsylvania and other states feel better using individual and couples therapy approaches with effectiveness supported by scientific research: Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT, CBT-E, CBT-I), Exposure Response-Prevention (ERP, ExRP) Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Prolonged Exposure (PE), and Gottman Couples Therapy.
Are you tired of feeling down, stressed, overwhelmed or just not yourself? Do you need help to address your obsessive thoughts, insomnia, or problems with eating, getting things done or your relationship? As a licensed PhD-level clinical psychologist trained at top-ranked universities, I help many adults in Pennsylvania and other states feel better using individual and couples therapy approaches with effectiveness supported by scientific research: Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT, CBT-E, CBT-I), Exposure Response-Prevention (ERP, ExRP) Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Prolonged Exposure (PE), and Gottman Couples Therapy.
(610) 347-5273 View (610) 347-5273
Photo of Samantha Ciambro, Licensed Professional Counselor in York Springs, PA
Samantha Ciambro
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bryn Mawr, PA 19010  (Online Only)
Constant overthinking, poor self-esteem, relationship issues, people-pleasing tendencies, depressed mood. If this describes something that you are going through, you don't have to go through it alone. Life itself is hard and even more difficult when dealing with mental health struggles and life transitions. As a therapist, I'm here to walk along side you as you navigate life's difficulties. We can work together to find a unique therapeutic plan that meets your needs in order for you to obtain your goals and be in the place you want to be in.
Constant overthinking, poor self-esteem, relationship issues, people-pleasing tendencies, depressed mood. If this describes something that you are going through, you don't have to go through it alone. Life itself is hard and even more difficult when dealing with mental health struggles and life transitions. As a therapist, I'm here to walk along side you as you navigate life's difficulties. We can work together to find a unique therapeutic plan that meets your needs in order for you to obtain your goals and be in the place you want to be in.
(484) 451-7322 View (484) 451-7322
Photo of Robyn Dawn Gable, Psychologist in York Springs, PA
Robyn Dawn Gable
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Kennett Square, PA 19348
Waitlist for new clients
Welcome to my profile page. Whether you are struggling with relationship issues, loss, illness, uncomfortable emotions, or other concerns, you have found a place to sort things out and begin to feel better. I am flexible in my treatment approach, because I know every person has different needs. I use many tools and skills to help the individuals who work with me.
Welcome to my profile page. Whether you are struggling with relationship issues, loss, illness, uncomfortable emotions, or other concerns, you have found a place to sort things out and begin to feel better. I am flexible in my treatment approach, because I know every person has different needs. I use many tools and skills to help the individuals who work with me.
(610) 991-8357 x2 View (610) 991-8357 x2
Photo of Lydia Debiase, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in York Springs, PA
Lydia Debiase
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Swarthmore, PA 19081
I also enjoy working with adults who are struggling with relationship issues, life transitions, early childhood trauma and struggles with substance use.
Life is a journey and on our journey we will experience love, joy, and happiness. We will also encounter pain, loss, suffering and hardship. As a licensed clinical social worker I offer a safe space where you can safely talk about your experiences and feelings. I want to help you trust your own intuition as you talk about your life and make decisions about the direction of it. I am accepting, caring, and supportive. I believe in cultural humility which allows the individual to teach me about their self identity to include their ethnicity, spirituality, sexual identity, and other aspects of their cultural.
I also enjoy working with adults who are struggling with relationship issues, life transitions, early childhood trauma and struggles with substance use.
Life is a journey and on our journey we will experience love, joy, and happiness. We will also encounter pain, loss, suffering and hardship. As a licensed clinical social worker I offer a safe space where you can safely talk about your experiences and feelings. I want to help you trust your own intuition as you talk about your life and make decisions about the direction of it. I am accepting, caring, and supportive. I believe in cultural humility which allows the individual to teach me about their self identity to include their ethnicity, spirituality, sexual identity, and other aspects of their cultural.
(610) 365-4436 View (610) 365-4436
Photo of Aviva Gaskill, Psychologist in York Springs, PA
Aviva Gaskill
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004
Do you find it hard to sleep at night because thoughts race through your head? Have you been feeling down, not like the old you? Perhaps you are finding it tough to deal with your boss, co-workers or your loved ones. Whatever difficulties and distress you may be facing, you have just taken the first steps towards improving your life. By working together, you & I can develop a collaborative relationship full of warmth & lacking in judgment. We will develop an environment of safety & trust to foster your growth & experience of more fulfilling connections.
Do you find it hard to sleep at night because thoughts race through your head? Have you been feeling down, not like the old you? Perhaps you are finding it tough to deal with your boss, co-workers or your loved ones. Whatever difficulties and distress you may be facing, you have just taken the first steps towards improving your life. By working together, you & I can develop a collaborative relationship full of warmth & lacking in judgment. We will develop an environment of safety & trust to foster your growth & experience of more fulfilling connections.
(610) 345-7284 View (610) 345-7284
Photo of Jennifer Downey, Psychologist in York Springs, PA
Jennifer Downey
Psychologist, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lancaster, PA 17601
Jennifer believes that a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship is the foundation for all healing.
Jennifer Downey M.S. a Pa. Licensed Psychologist has been treating adolescents, adults and their families at Psychological Associates of Lancaster for forty years. She graduated from Susquehanna University with a B.A. in Psychology and then Millersville University with a M.S. in Psychology. After schooling Jennifer worked in the areas of child welfare, juvenile justice, addiction treatment and mental health.
Jennifer believes that a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship is the foundation for all healing.
Jennifer Downey M.S. a Pa. Licensed Psychologist has been treating adolescents, adults and their families at Psychological Associates of Lancaster for forty years. She graduated from Susquehanna University with a B.A. in Psychology and then Millersville University with a M.S. in Psychology. After schooling Jennifer worked in the areas of child welfare, juvenile justice, addiction treatment and mental health.
(717) 255-8214 View (717) 255-8214
Photo of David P. Wingert, Pre-Licensed Professional in York Springs, PA
David P. Wingert
Pre-Licensed Professional, MAMFT, JD
Verified Verified
Palmyra, PA 17078
OUR CLIENTS Adults Adolescents Children Couples Families PRACTICE AREAS Abuse Addiction Anxiety Attachment issues Conflict Depression Divorce Family conflict Grief and loss Marital conflict Parenting issues Premarital counseling PTSD Relationship issues Sexual abuse Trauma.
Life is complex, full of roles and relationships with many moving parts. When one of those parts is out of alignment or missing altogether, our well-being—emotional, social, physical, and spiritual—breaks down. We can fall into a rut, one marked by issues like anxiety and depression, stress, unresolved conflict, and rage. I am here to help clients: couples, men, women, with their opportunity to strive to find direction, healing, and their authentic self.
OUR CLIENTS Adults Adolescents Children Couples Families PRACTICE AREAS Abuse Addiction Anxiety Attachment issues Conflict Depression Divorce Family conflict Grief and loss Marital conflict Parenting issues Premarital counseling PTSD Relationship issues Sexual abuse Trauma.
Life is complex, full of roles and relationships with many moving parts. When one of those parts is out of alignment or missing altogether, our well-being—emotional, social, physical, and spiritual—breaks down. We can fall into a rut, one marked by issues like anxiety and depression, stress, unresolved conflict, and rage. I am here to help clients: couples, men, women, with their opportunity to strive to find direction, healing, and their authentic self.
(717) 546-8759 View (717) 546-8759
Photo of Catherine Kaplan, Ph.D., LLC, Psychologist in York Springs, PA
Catherine Kaplan, Ph.D., LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Lansdale, PA 19446
Are you ready to make a change but not sure how to do it on your own? Whether your relationship is struggling or you are suffering with depressed mood, anxiety, stress, an eating disorder, or ADHD, together, we can develop and implement a plan to help you cope more effectively, feel better, and enjoy your relationships. With a primary focus on Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT) and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), I actively help clients to define problems, develop realistic solutions, and improve their relationships and self-esteem. I work with adults and adolescents in individual and couples therapy. Together, we can create results.
Are you ready to make a change but not sure how to do it on your own? Whether your relationship is struggling or you are suffering with depressed mood, anxiety, stress, an eating disorder, or ADHD, together, we can develop and implement a plan to help you cope more effectively, feel better, and enjoy your relationships. With a primary focus on Cognitive-Behavioral (CBT) and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), I actively help clients to define problems, develop realistic solutions, and improve their relationships and self-esteem. I work with adults and adolescents in individual and couples therapy. Together, we can create results.
(215) 267-3666 View (215) 267-3666
Relationship Issues Therapists
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.