Photo of Penelope Neckowitz, Psychologist in Chadds Ford, PA
Penelope Neckowitz
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
As a licensed psychologist with over 35 years of experience, I am committed to working with individuals and couples to address physical and mental health issues, sexual/relationship concerns, professional challenges, and life transitions. I believe that a good psychotherapeutic relationship can help you to feel better about yourself, develop resilience and enhance your relationships. My program "Lost and Found" is for women who are 5-10 years post cancer treatment. This work helps to optimize your health, deal with the trauma of illness and find ways to utilize your strengths and abilities to live a more fulfilled, authentic life.
As a licensed psychologist with over 35 years of experience, I am committed to working with individuals and couples to address physical and mental health issues, sexual/relationship concerns, professional challenges, and life transitions. I believe that a good psychotherapeutic relationship can help you to feel better about yourself, develop resilience and enhance your relationships. My program "Lost and Found" is for women who are 5-10 years post cancer treatment. This work helps to optimize your health, deal with the trauma of illness and find ways to utilize your strengths and abilities to live a more fulfilled, authentic life.
(610) 388-4468 View (610) 388-4468
Photo of Erin McKeague, Psychologist in Chadds Ford, PA
Erin McKeague
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Therapy is a collaborative process that promotes healing, change, and growth, and the therapy relationship is the foundation for this process. Given this, my goal is to provide you with a safe space in which we work together to meet your needs and goals for treatment. Whether you are struggling with relationship issues, grief/loss, low self-esteem, depression, or anxiety; you feel unfulfilled, lonely, or in need of support and coping skills; or you are in the midst of a life transition that you need help navigating, we can address these in therapy.
Therapy is a collaborative process that promotes healing, change, and growth, and the therapy relationship is the foundation for this process. Given this, my goal is to provide you with a safe space in which we work together to meet your needs and goals for treatment. Whether you are struggling with relationship issues, grief/loss, low self-esteem, depression, or anxiety; you feel unfulfilled, lonely, or in need of support and coping skills; or you are in the midst of a life transition that you need help navigating, we can address these in therapy.
(215) 607-8573 View (215) 607-8573
Photo of Leslie S. Gregory, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chadds Ford, PA
Leslie S. Gregory
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Whether you are facing a relationship struggle or life change, feeling down or overwhelmed, looking for more effective ways to communicate or cope, or can't overcome something from your past, we can explore this and find ways to uniquely help you with tools to enhance and transform your life.
Hope. Acceptance. Understanding. Guidance. Clarity. Solutions. These words reflect what we are often looking for when facing life struggles and each embody what I strive to provide. My desire is to journey with you in a supportive, caring environment centered on a mutual partnership. This builds a foundation from which you can share your story, feel heard, discover your goals, and address the circumstances you are facing. I value understanding you as a whole person with strengths and the ability to grow. I believe that people can gain the insight and skills needed to experience transformation through well-researched interventions.
Whether you are facing a relationship struggle or life change, feeling down or overwhelmed, looking for more effective ways to communicate or cope, or can't overcome something from your past, we can explore this and find ways to uniquely help you with tools to enhance and transform your life.
Hope. Acceptance. Understanding. Guidance. Clarity. Solutions. These words reflect what we are often looking for when facing life struggles and each embody what I strive to provide. My desire is to journey with you in a supportive, caring environment centered on a mutual partnership. This builds a foundation from which you can share your story, feel heard, discover your goals, and address the circumstances you are facing. I value understanding you as a whole person with strengths and the ability to grow. I believe that people can gain the insight and skills needed to experience transformation through well-researched interventions.
(484) 679-4268 View (484) 679-4268
Photo of Felder Therapy and Mediation, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chadds Ford, PA
Felder Therapy and Mediation
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Seeking therapy means you have to trust a new and unfamiliar person and process. My job is to create a strong therapeutic relationship that allows you to explore the circumstances and relationships that are interfering with your life in a safe, nonjudgmental environment. In my practice, I help my clients gain personal insight and individual strength to help them address issues with depression, stress and anxiety, parenting, life transitions and interpersonal relationships. I have a certificate from Bryn Mawr College in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy, and I especially enjoy working with preteens, teens, and young adults.
Seeking therapy means you have to trust a new and unfamiliar person and process. My job is to create a strong therapeutic relationship that allows you to explore the circumstances and relationships that are interfering with your life in a safe, nonjudgmental environment. In my practice, I help my clients gain personal insight and individual strength to help them address issues with depression, stress and anxiety, parenting, life transitions and interpersonal relationships. I have a certificate from Bryn Mawr College in Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy, and I especially enjoy working with preteens, teens, and young adults.
(484) 652-8742 View (484) 652-8742
Photo of Dr. Francis J Sizer, Inc., Psychologist in Chadds Ford, PA
Dr. Francis J Sizer, Inc.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
My goal is to help you improve your quality of life, substantially. I will help you make the positive changes you need by reducing anxiety, easing your stress, and gaining more control in your life. You will achieve and experience these goals in a secure and caring environment, discover your own inner strengths and develop effective coping skills. For more information on treatment modalities and specific problem areas I target please read on in this website page. I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy, crisis intervention therapy and interpersonal therapy focusing on anxiety, depression and relationship issues.
My goal is to help you improve your quality of life, substantially. I will help you make the positive changes you need by reducing anxiety, easing your stress, and gaining more control in your life. You will achieve and experience these goals in a secure and caring environment, discover your own inner strengths and develop effective coping skills. For more information on treatment modalities and specific problem areas I target please read on in this website page. I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy, crisis intervention therapy and interpersonal therapy focusing on anxiety, depression and relationship issues.
(610) 915-8983 View (610) 915-8983
Photo of Julie Donahue, Counselor in Chadds Ford, PA
Julie Donahue
Counselor, LPC, LPCMH, NCC
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
My practice covers a variety of issues including (but not limited to) – anxiety, panic attacks, depression, bi-polar, PTSD, grief/bereavement, family or relationship conflict, attachment struggles, school/work-based performance concerns, and life transitions.
The idea of counseling can be scary. I use humor to normalize symptoms of stress and provide a comfortable environment to let go and take new supported risks. My clients come here to gain a sense of what patterns are keeping them stuck and to face what has been avoided so they can achieve greater satisfaction and fulfillment in their lives. My objective is to help bring awareness to the answers that lie within you, learn stress reduction techniques, and guide you to take supported risks that can change your life.
My practice covers a variety of issues including (but not limited to) – anxiety, panic attacks, depression, bi-polar, PTSD, grief/bereavement, family or relationship conflict, attachment struggles, school/work-based performance concerns, and life transitions.
The idea of counseling can be scary. I use humor to normalize symptoms of stress and provide a comfortable environment to let go and take new supported risks. My clients come here to gain a sense of what patterns are keeping them stuck and to face what has been avoided so they can achieve greater satisfaction and fulfillment in their lives. My objective is to help bring awareness to the answers that lie within you, learn stress reduction techniques, and guide you to take supported risks that can change your life.
(302) 415-3385 View (302) 415-3385
Photo of Sharon Kelly, Psychologist in Chadds Ford, PA
Sharon Kelly
Psychologist, PsyD, MBA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Kelly strongly specializes in transitions of all kinds, as well as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, rage, PTSD, etc.
In person and remote available. Therapy supports positive, healthy personal changes, improvement of anxiety and depression, and progress toward desired goals. Therapy helps clients improve relationships, cope with negative people or influences in their lives, and develop responsible, confident self-images. Individual Therapy, Couples or Co-Parenting Counseling and Life Coaching are available for all ages and backgrounds. The Gay St office is in the center of West Chester, near WCU and directly behind/adjacent to the Justice Center. St Peter’s office is situated along French Creek in historic St Peter's Village.
Kelly strongly specializes in transitions of all kinds, as well as anxiety, depression, relationship issues, rage, PTSD, etc.
In person and remote available. Therapy supports positive, healthy personal changes, improvement of anxiety and depression, and progress toward desired goals. Therapy helps clients improve relationships, cope with negative people or influences in their lives, and develop responsible, confident self-images. Individual Therapy, Couples or Co-Parenting Counseling and Life Coaching are available for all ages and backgrounds. The Gay St office is in the center of West Chester, near WCU and directly behind/adjacent to the Justice Center. St Peter’s office is situated along French Creek in historic St Peter's Village.
(484) 602-2892 View (484) 602-2892
Photo of Jay Ann Jemail, Psychologist in Chadds Ford, PA
Jay Ann Jemail
Psychologist, PhD
Not Verified Not Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
The therapy process is a confidential relationship based on mutual respect and trust. The needs of the individual, couple, and family are addressed via traditional and alternative approaches. Dr. Jemail values good listening, kindness, a nonjudgmental approach and draws from the wisdom of research, experience, as well as, common sense. The goal is to promote healing, growth and independence. Therapy via Doxy, FaceTime or phone sessions are an option depending on circumstances. She will provide as needed support out of session. You can call or email Dr. Jemail to discuss your specific needs.
The therapy process is a confidential relationship based on mutual respect and trust. The needs of the individual, couple, and family are addressed via traditional and alternative approaches. Dr. Jemail values good listening, kindness, a nonjudgmental approach and draws from the wisdom of research, experience, as well as, common sense. The goal is to promote healing, growth and independence. Therapy via Doxy, FaceTime or phone sessions are an option depending on circumstances. She will provide as needed support out of session. You can call or email Dr. Jemail to discuss your specific needs.
(302) 218-5008 View (302) 218-5008
Photo of Pam Cooper Reimund, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chadds Ford, PA
Pam Cooper Reimund
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LLC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Are you tired of feeling like you don't matter? Life is made up of many relationships. Some of them are very rewarding - you couldn't live without them! Then there are....well lets just say "the others". In these relationships, you question yourself, you question your perspective, you dont feel "safe", you question how you got here....in this place where you feel powerless, marginalized and invisible. Maybe you are suffering from Relationship Abuse? No wonder you feel anxious and depressed!
Are you tired of feeling like you don't matter? Life is made up of many relationships. Some of them are very rewarding - you couldn't live without them! Then there are....well lets just say "the others". In these relationships, you question yourself, you question your perspective, you dont feel "safe", you question how you got here....in this place where you feel powerless, marginalized and invisible. Maybe you are suffering from Relationship Abuse? No wonder you feel anxious and depressed!
(484) 436-2209 View (484) 436-2209
Photo of Meryl Brownstein, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chadds Ford, PA
Meryl Brownstein
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPCMH
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Welcome to my counseling practice for adults, adolescents, couples and families. I am a Board Certified, Licensed Professional Counselor of Mental Health who has been practicing in Delaware for over 20 years. I treat a broad range of issues including anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress, marriage/relational problems, issues specific to men and women, financial issues, and the everyday struggles of daily life. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is central to healing. I strive to offer a safe, caring,and collaborative environment where you will feel listened to and never judged.
Welcome to my counseling practice for adults, adolescents, couples and families. I am a Board Certified, Licensed Professional Counselor of Mental Health who has been practicing in Delaware for over 20 years. I treat a broad range of issues including anxiety, depression, post traumatic stress, marriage/relational problems, issues specific to men and women, financial issues, and the everyday struggles of daily life. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is central to healing. I strive to offer a safe, caring,and collaborative environment where you will feel listened to and never judged.
(302) 240-2857 View (302) 240-2857
Photo of Andrea Roche, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chadds Ford, PA
Andrea Roche
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
My mission is to understand and clarify client's needs and goals, the focus is on helping clients cope with personal stress and relationship setbacks using every resource and tools available.
I provide counseling for individuals adjusting to being single after an abrupt breakup, and helping couples with marriage therapy, who have the desire to improve their relationships and the effectiveness of their communication skills. I work with clients who are struggling to keep their job or maintain close relationships with family. I provide counseling for teenagers struggling with ADD, depression, or destructive behaviors. I use proven, evidence based techniques to create solutions for clients' needs.
My mission is to understand and clarify client's needs and goals, the focus is on helping clients cope with personal stress and relationship setbacks using every resource and tools available.
I provide counseling for individuals adjusting to being single after an abrupt breakup, and helping couples with marriage therapy, who have the desire to improve their relationships and the effectiveness of their communication skills. I work with clients who are struggling to keep their job or maintain close relationships with family. I provide counseling for teenagers struggling with ADD, depression, or destructive behaviors. I use proven, evidence based techniques to create solutions for clients' needs.
(610) 981-1031 View (610) 981-1031
Photo of Jennifer Nickels, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chadds Ford, PA
Jennifer Nickels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
My ideal client will need support for struggling with Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, Depression, Family or Relationship issues, social skills, anger management and other needs. Their goals will be rooted in understanding the conflict and learning tools to manage daily stressors and engage successfully overcoming individual challenges. My ideal client wants to enjoy the joys in life with an enhanced sense of confidence, accomplishment, strength and joy.
My ideal client will need support for struggling with Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety, Depression, Family or Relationship issues, social skills, anger management and other needs. Their goals will be rooted in understanding the conflict and learning tools to manage daily stressors and engage successfully overcoming individual challenges. My ideal client wants to enjoy the joys in life with an enhanced sense of confidence, accomplishment, strength and joy.
(484) 309-5850 View (484) 309-5850
Photo of Elaine Kasowski, Psychologist in Chadds Ford, PA
Elaine Kasowski
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
I work with adolescents, adults and couples on problems including relationship issues, anxiety and depression.
My many years working as a psychologist have taught me that growth on any issue is possible with motivation, and that a person's strengths are key to achieving one's goals. I am every bit as attuned to an individual's gifts and coping skills, as I am to the challenges faced. I foster a safe, comfortable atmosphere as the process depends on feeling at ease to say what is on one's mind. My clients comment on my listening well and deeply, and that I have helped them make connections that are extremely valuable in identifying a path that is right for them.
I work with adolescents, adults and couples on problems including relationship issues, anxiety and depression.
My many years working as a psychologist have taught me that growth on any issue is possible with motivation, and that a person's strengths are key to achieving one's goals. I am every bit as attuned to an individual's gifts and coping skills, as I am to the challenges faced. I foster a safe, comfortable atmosphere as the process depends on feeling at ease to say what is on one's mind. My clients comment on my listening well and deeply, and that I have helped them make connections that are extremely valuable in identifying a path that is right for them.
(610) 347-5504 View (610) 347-5504
Photo of Sean Dwyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chadds Ford, PA
Sean Dwyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Are you feeling frustrated in your marriage? Are you tired of having the same fight over and over again without anything changing? Do you have sexual concerns? With over a decade of clinical experience in treating couples who are struggling to connect emotionally and resolve conflicts, I understand how frustrating relationship problems can get. At the same time I also understand how difficult and even embarrassing it can be to call a counselor and admit that your relationship needs some help. But let me assure you that the discomfort of reaching out for help is well worth it.
Are you feeling frustrated in your marriage? Are you tired of having the same fight over and over again without anything changing? Do you have sexual concerns? With over a decade of clinical experience in treating couples who are struggling to connect emotionally and resolve conflicts, I understand how frustrating relationship problems can get. At the same time I also understand how difficult and even embarrassing it can be to call a counselor and admit that your relationship needs some help. But let me assure you that the discomfort of reaching out for help is well worth it.
(484) 498-6213 View (484) 498-6213
Photo of Angela Reyer Gillespie, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chadds Ford, PA
Angela Reyer Gillespie
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, TCP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
FACT: The collaborative relationship with your therapist is the biggest predictor of success.
LIfe is hard but I love my job! I am passionate about providing empathetic and compassionate therapy for people struggling with a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, communication struggles, & more. I specialize in processing and moving beyond trauma and believe that the root to many of our struggles can be found in past relationships and attachments. I utilize systems theories and relational framework as a foundation for clients to explore and connect how relationships and environment impact larger goals and sense of self. I want to help you understand yourself better and utilize your past as strength to move forward.
FACT: The collaborative relationship with your therapist is the biggest predictor of success.
LIfe is hard but I love my job! I am passionate about providing empathetic and compassionate therapy for people struggling with a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, communication struggles, & more. I specialize in processing and moving beyond trauma and believe that the root to many of our struggles can be found in past relationships and attachments. I utilize systems theories and relational framework as a foundation for clients to explore and connect how relationships and environment impact larger goals and sense of self. I want to help you understand yourself better and utilize your past as strength to move forward.
(484) 214-2854 View (484) 214-2854
Photo of Kimberly Flemke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chadds Ford, PA
Kimberly Flemke
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
I believe that we are all souls having a human experience. In that experience, we often discover parts of ourselves that are in need of deeper healing. I have special techniques I use with clients, such as EMDR & Tapping, that produce extremely FAST results in achieving change. I view intimate relationships as Sacred Contracts. I believe those contracts are full of opportunities for individuals to learn how to heal their personal triggers in order to emotionally & spiritually evolve. I firmly believe that therapy should be a transformational process, helping clients manifest the life & relationship their soul longs to experience!
I believe that we are all souls having a human experience. In that experience, we often discover parts of ourselves that are in need of deeper healing. I have special techniques I use with clients, such as EMDR & Tapping, that produce extremely FAST results in achieving change. I view intimate relationships as Sacred Contracts. I believe those contracts are full of opportunities for individuals to learn how to heal their personal triggers in order to emotionally & spiritually evolve. I firmly believe that therapy should be a transformational process, helping clients manifest the life & relationship their soul longs to experience!
(215) 240-6716 View (215) 240-6716
Photo of Betty Anne Lex, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chadds Ford, PA
Betty Anne Lex
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Hello and thank you for visiting! I have worked locally for over fifteen years with individuals, parents, couples and adolescents struggling with depression, anxiety, family conflict, work stress and overall lack of satisfaction in life. Assisting individuals in connecting and understanding one another more openly is one of my greatest passions. I enjoy helping couples discover new ways to navigate their relationship and giving them the tools to change the negative patterns that keep them stuck.
Hello and thank you for visiting! I have worked locally for over fifteen years with individuals, parents, couples and adolescents struggling with depression, anxiety, family conflict, work stress and overall lack of satisfaction in life. Assisting individuals in connecting and understanding one another more openly is one of my greatest passions. I enjoy helping couples discover new ways to navigate their relationship and giving them the tools to change the negative patterns that keep them stuck.
(610) 546-7255 View (610) 546-7255
Photo of Joyful Restoration Coaching & Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chadds Ford, PA
Joyful Restoration Coaching & Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, BCPCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
I will teach you effective communication skills, increase your confidence and help you establish the boundaries necessary to get the relationship you truly want & deserve.
If you are tired of suffering with debilitating anxiety, have a negative self-image & struggle with low self-esteem or feel like you don't have what it takes to be successful or have rewarding relationships, I am here to help! I specialize in helping people recover their true selves & restore joy to their lives. Anxiety & depression can be distant memories as you learn my proven methods for lasting change. I use a unique combination of coaching, counseling & energy medicine tools to help you create and build the life you desire! I also offer many transformational workshops to aide in your journey. On insta @joyfulrestorationcoaching
I will teach you effective communication skills, increase your confidence and help you establish the boundaries necessary to get the relationship you truly want & deserve.
If you are tired of suffering with debilitating anxiety, have a negative self-image & struggle with low self-esteem or feel like you don't have what it takes to be successful or have rewarding relationships, I am here to help! I specialize in helping people recover their true selves & restore joy to their lives. Anxiety & depression can be distant memories as you learn my proven methods for lasting change. I use a unique combination of coaching, counseling & energy medicine tools to help you create and build the life you desire! I also offer many transformational workshops to aide in your journey. On insta @joyfulrestorationcoaching
(610) 557-1214 View (610) 557-1214
Photo of Dr. Darren Levin, LLC, Psychologist in Chadds Ford, PA
Dr. Darren Levin, LLC
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
Throughout our working partnership, I will teach you to use specific, research-supported, evidence-based strategies so you can successfully manage: recovery from trauma; sadness and hopelessness; stress, fear, and anxiety; anger and frustration; communication and relationship struggles; and parenting and co-parenting challenges.
Therapy is a process and opportunity for growth. Through our collaboration, I will teach you new ways to approach problems and challenges (no matter how hard) with effective, realistic, and doable actions. I will also show you how to monitor your efforts, and see progress. Over time and practice, you will learn how to be your own therapist as other problems come up in your life.
Throughout our working partnership, I will teach you to use specific, research-supported, evidence-based strategies so you can successfully manage: recovery from trauma; sadness and hopelessness; stress, fear, and anxiety; anger and frustration; communication and relationship struggles; and parenting and co-parenting challenges.
Therapy is a process and opportunity for growth. Through our collaboration, I will teach you new ways to approach problems and challenges (no matter how hard) with effective, realistic, and doable actions. I will also show you how to monitor your efforts, and see progress. Over time and practice, you will learn how to be your own therapist as other problems come up in your life.
(302) 566-1046 View (302) 566-1046
Photo of Rebecca Meyer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chadds Ford, PA
Rebecca Meyer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chadds Ford, PA 19317
I strive to meet my clients where they are with empathy and support to create a meaningful and honest relationship.
Is your child or teen struggling daily with negative thoughts and anxiety? Are you feeling lost and hopeless trying to figure out how to help them? Children and teens are more overwhelmed and stressed today than ever before. I seek to provide a safe and comforting environment where they can feel heard and understood. I am also passionate about working with mothers who are struggling with feeling overwhelmed, inadequate, anxious and underappreciated. I am dedicated to supporting mothers on their journey to emotional well-being and self-discovery, weaving mindfulness, humor and an authentic use of self into my approach.
I strive to meet my clients where they are with empathy and support to create a meaningful and honest relationship.
Is your child or teen struggling daily with negative thoughts and anxiety? Are you feeling lost and hopeless trying to figure out how to help them? Children and teens are more overwhelmed and stressed today than ever before. I seek to provide a safe and comforting environment where they can feel heard and understood. I am also passionate about working with mothers who are struggling with feeling overwhelmed, inadequate, anxious and underappreciated. I am dedicated to supporting mothers on their journey to emotional well-being and self-discovery, weaving mindfulness, humor and an authentic use of self into my approach.
(610) 549-1120 View (610) 549-1120

Relationship Issues Therapists
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.