Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

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Photo of Dr. Stephen J. Boyd Ph.D And Associates, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Dr. Stephen J. Boyd Ph.D And Associates
Counselor, LPCC-S, FAAMFT, FAAPC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45255
Right now may be your time. The time when you're confronted with a crisis, a lack of direction, a sense of emptiness, a life being unfulfilled. I help individuals, couples, and families reach a new level of personal and spiritual growth. By developing your spiritual strength you'll be able to overcome what is now considered impossible to achieve. Let's talk about what God has in store for you. Through assessments, analysis, and spiritual guidance, me and my associates can help you achieve your professional goals and revitalize relationships.
Right now may be your time. The time when you're confronted with a crisis, a lack of direction, a sense of emptiness, a life being unfulfilled. I help individuals, couples, and families reach a new level of personal and spiritual growth. By developing your spiritual strength you'll be able to overcome what is now considered impossible to achieve. Let's talk about what God has in store for you. Through assessments, analysis, and spiritual guidance, me and my associates can help you achieve your professional goals and revitalize relationships.
(513) 817-0419 View (513) 817-0419
Photo of Bill Cahalan, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Bill Cahalan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45236
Waitlist for new clients
I have worked with a wide range of clients in schools and hospitals, as well as private office settings. I try to understand each person's problems as influenced by their unique patterns of relating with self , others, and the natural world. I help you explore these patterns on an emotional level rather than simply intellectually. If you are interested, we will also work with your particular spiritual orientation, or help you find a spiritual path, as part of the healing process. Decreasing your suffering, and helping you find deeper meaning and more zest in life, are important goals in each therapy session.
I have worked with a wide range of clients in schools and hospitals, as well as private office settings. I try to understand each person's problems as influenced by their unique patterns of relating with self , others, and the natural world. I help you explore these patterns on an emotional level rather than simply intellectually. If you are interested, we will also work with your particular spiritual orientation, or help you find a spiritual path, as part of the healing process. Decreasing your suffering, and helping you find deeper meaning and more zest in life, are important goals in each therapy session.
(513) 488-1643 View (513) 488-1643
Photo of Gwendolyn M Niesen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Gwendolyn M Niesen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45230
Life truly is an adventure! We all have times when we feel like we can take on the world and times when we question the meaning of life. I would like you to be in the drivers seat of your life and not just passively riding along as a passenger. Sure, you will make mistakes on your way and that puts you in good company with the rest of us! If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, loss, or any type of trauma. Do yourself a favor and get the help you deserve today. Taking care of yourself is your number 1 job in this life and I promise you, it will be well worth it!
Life truly is an adventure! We all have times when we feel like we can take on the world and times when we question the meaning of life. I would like you to be in the drivers seat of your life and not just passively riding along as a passenger. Sure, you will make mistakes on your way and that puts you in good company with the rest of us! If you're struggling with anxiety, depression, grief, loss, or any type of trauma. Do yourself a favor and get the help you deserve today. Taking care of yourself is your number 1 job in this life and I promise you, it will be well worth it!
(513) 643-8801 x9 View (513) 643-8801 x9
Photo of Kate Koepfer, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Kate Koepfer
Counselor, CT
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Not accepting new clients
You may be feeling misunderstood and lost. A bit scattered. A bit disconnected from yourself and from others. Together we will seek to answer the what and the how. What do you need most, and how can you become the best version of yourself?
You may be feeling misunderstood and lost. A bit scattered. A bit disconnected from yourself and from others. Together we will seek to answer the what and the how. What do you need most, and how can you become the best version of yourself?
(513) 373-4046 View (513) 373-4046
Photo of Lisa R Leace LISW-S Counseling Services LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Lisa R Leace LISW-S Counseling Services LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LISW-S, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45246
I am licensed in OH and IN...In everything that I do, I challenge individuals to push past their emotional boundaries as they feel comfortable doing so in an effort to strengthen their mental and emotional health. Often times, we walk along the path that leads us into unforeseen circumstances and stop us immediately in our tracks disrupting everyday life. When we are at that point, we are no longer understanding our balance and are in need of re-adjusting. My focus is to work with clients toward regaining balance, identifying strengths and providing interventions specific to the client’s needs.
I am licensed in OH and IN...In everything that I do, I challenge individuals to push past their emotional boundaries as they feel comfortable doing so in an effort to strengthen their mental and emotional health. Often times, we walk along the path that leads us into unforeseen circumstances and stop us immediately in our tracks disrupting everyday life. When we are at that point, we are no longer understanding our balance and are in need of re-adjusting. My focus is to work with clients toward regaining balance, identifying strengths and providing interventions specific to the client’s needs.
(513) 657-4288 View (513) 657-4288
Photo of Scout Kopech, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Scout Kopech
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45242
As a queer transgender woman, I am personally aware of the unique challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community. I am passionate about serving this community and helping each of us find our most authentic selves. I want to give you a safe and accepting space where you can feel comfortable exploring who you are and want to be. I also work with families and friends of LGBTQIA+ individuals gain a greater understanding of what it's like to be LGBTQIA+ and how you can provide support, acceptance, and love. Therapy can be expensive, so I want to work with you to make it an affordable part of your self-care routine. You deserve it!
As a queer transgender woman, I am personally aware of the unique challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community. I am passionate about serving this community and helping each of us find our most authentic selves. I want to give you a safe and accepting space where you can feel comfortable exploring who you are and want to be. I also work with families and friends of LGBTQIA+ individuals gain a greater understanding of what it's like to be LGBTQIA+ and how you can provide support, acceptance, and love. Therapy can be expensive, so I want to work with you to make it an affordable part of your self-care routine. You deserve it!
(513) 434-6043 View (513) 434-6043
Photo of Candice N. Crowley, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Candice N. Crowley
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45241
Candicely is a therapy space created for those ready to hear hard truths about themselves, engage in uncomfortable conversations, and come to terms with difficult realities. Candicely helps individuals break out of the boxes that limit their ability to reach their full potential and live a fulfilled life. Candicely focuses on the present, understands the past, but rejects the notion that the past has to control or define the future. Candicely offers individual counseling, life coaching, support services for blended families and co-parenting, couples counseling, support for life transitions, student services, & Christian counseling.
Candicely is a therapy space created for those ready to hear hard truths about themselves, engage in uncomfortable conversations, and come to terms with difficult realities. Candicely helps individuals break out of the boxes that limit their ability to reach their full potential and live a fulfilled life. Candicely focuses on the present, understands the past, but rejects the notion that the past has to control or define the future. Candicely offers individual counseling, life coaching, support services for blended families and co-parenting, couples counseling, support for life transitions, student services, & Christian counseling.
(513) 438-3920 x11 View (513) 438-3920 x11
Photo of Catharina Jordan, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Catharina Jordan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45242
I am a licensed psychologist and I primarily work with an object relations approach of psychodynamic therapy. I am trained in and utilize EMDR and cognitive-behavioral and behavioral approaches, as well. I help clients move through past trauma, to feel more power and control, and to change unhelpful beliefs that no longer serve them. I also help individuals moving through life changes and those wanting to gain deeper insight into why they do the things they do.
I am a licensed psychologist and I primarily work with an object relations approach of psychodynamic therapy. I am trained in and utilize EMDR and cognitive-behavioral and behavioral approaches, as well. I help clients move through past trauma, to feel more power and control, and to change unhelpful beliefs that no longer serve them. I also help individuals moving through life changes and those wanting to gain deeper insight into why they do the things they do.
(513) 613-4892 View (513) 613-4892
Photo of Debbie Woodall Carroll, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Debbie Woodall Carroll
Counselor, MA, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45241
It is hard to ask for help! I am passionate about working with individuals who are motivated and willing to grow personally. I help them understand they have more control in their lives than it may seem. I teach my clients to recognize their strengths and abilities which empowers them. I guide them in their decision making so they recognize what steps help them reach their goals faster and improve their quality of life!
It is hard to ask for help! I am passionate about working with individuals who are motivated and willing to grow personally. I help them understand they have more control in their lives than it may seem. I teach my clients to recognize their strengths and abilities which empowers them. I guide them in their decision making so they recognize what steps help them reach their goals faster and improve their quality of life!
(513) 657-4319 x14 View (513) 657-4319 x14
Photo of Heidi Eversole, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Heidi Eversole
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45209
Hello! My name is Heidi and I'm a mom and a veteran of the US Air Force. I enjoy meeting and working with people who want a better life for themselves and for their family. Life is stressful and many times situations or relationships are thrust upon us that we have little control over, but those who seek out help, who want to learn healthier ways to cope and who want relief from the rut of negative thought patterns or relationships are the people I'm here for. The only necessities are to reach out for help and be ready to start on your path to wellness!
Hello! My name is Heidi and I'm a mom and a veteran of the US Air Force. I enjoy meeting and working with people who want a better life for themselves and for their family. Life is stressful and many times situations or relationships are thrust upon us that we have little control over, but those who seek out help, who want to learn healthier ways to cope and who want relief from the rut of negative thought patterns or relationships are the people I'm here for. The only necessities are to reach out for help and be ready to start on your path to wellness!
(513) 790-3940 View (513) 790-3940
Photo of Marta C. Trujillo, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Marta C. Trujillo
Counselor, LPCC-S, LICDCCS, ACTRP
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45248
Hi, I'm Marta. I'm dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges with compassion and understanding. I have over 20 years of experience in mental health. I hold 2 licenses in therapy and addiction, an advanced certification in trauma and resilience, and 2 degrees from the University of Cincinnati.  I provide therapeutic care for a wide range of mental health concerns. No matter if you are navigating trauma, identity exploration, or relationship challenges, I'm here to support you every step of the way.  My feminist and social justice perspective enables me to see the impact of societal factors on mental well-being.
Hi, I'm Marta. I'm dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges with compassion and understanding. I have over 20 years of experience in mental health. I hold 2 licenses in therapy and addiction, an advanced certification in trauma and resilience, and 2 degrees from the University of Cincinnati.  I provide therapeutic care for a wide range of mental health concerns. No matter if you are navigating trauma, identity exploration, or relationship challenges, I'm here to support you every step of the way.  My feminist and social justice perspective enables me to see the impact of societal factors on mental well-being.
(513) 848-5587 View (513) 848-5587
Photo of Hana E Cook, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Hana E Cook
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Hana is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Ohio. She is working towards achieving the Developmental and Relational Trauma Therapy (DARTT) certification, along with her Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT) license. She specializes in working with children, adolescents, and young adults.
Hana is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Ohio. She is working towards achieving the Developmental and Relational Trauma Therapy (DARTT) certification, along with her Certified Sex Addiction Therapist (CSAT) license. She specializes in working with children, adolescents, and young adults.
(513) 436-6998 x701 View (513) 436-6998 x701
Photo of Jill Marie Mysonhimer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cincinnati, OH
Jill Marie Mysonhimer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Are you facing major life changes and do not know where to turn? Are you feeling sad, stressed, anxious, not quite yourself? First and foremost you should be proud of yourself for visiting this web site. Taking this first step is often the most difficult to take. Often the issues we face feel overwhelming; paralyzing. We all need a trusted, non-bias advisor to help us make sense of things. I will provide you with a safe, supportive and caring place to work through your struggles, develop self awareness and control of your Adult Mind to increase awareness and positive coping skills. This is where true change and growth begin.
Are you facing major life changes and do not know where to turn? Are you feeling sad, stressed, anxious, not quite yourself? First and foremost you should be proud of yourself for visiting this web site. Taking this first step is often the most difficult to take. Often the issues we face feel overwhelming; paralyzing. We all need a trusted, non-bias advisor to help us make sense of things. I will provide you with a safe, supportive and caring place to work through your struggles, develop self awareness and control of your Adult Mind to increase awareness and positive coping skills. This is where true change and growth begin.
(513) 802-9239 View (513) 802-9239
Photo of Jumpstart To Healing (R) Counseling Alliance (Tm), Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Jumpstart To Healing (R) Counseling Alliance (Tm)
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45240
Counseling Alliance (TM) now offers JUMPSTART TO HEALING (R) as a way to quickly begin your healing journey. These short programs (some as short as 4 hours and others up to 2 days) are designed to produce significant changes quickly. We strive to get our clients in quickly and can often see you the next day. Please call or email if you are interested in JUMPSTART TO HEALING (R). We also offer traditional, one or two hour sessions for individuals, couples, and groups. We Are Not an Inpatient Treatment center.
Counseling Alliance (TM) now offers JUMPSTART TO HEALING (R) as a way to quickly begin your healing journey. These short programs (some as short as 4 hours and others up to 2 days) are designed to produce significant changes quickly. We strive to get our clients in quickly and can often see you the next day. Please call or email if you are interested in JUMPSTART TO HEALING (R). We also offer traditional, one or two hour sessions for individuals, couples, and groups. We Are Not an Inpatient Treatment center.
(513) 716-1118 x100 View (513) 716-1118 x100
Photo of Mary Lynn Barber, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Mary Lynn Barber
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Mary Lynn Barber is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor who has been practicing since 1980. She graduated with a master's degree in Rehabilitation Counseling with a focus on Mental health Treatment as well as Substance Abuse issues. She furthered her education with two post master's programs, one two-year program in Family Therapy and a two-year program at the Cincinnati Psychoanalytic Institute for advanced therapy.
Mary Lynn Barber is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor and a Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor who has been practicing since 1980. She graduated with a master's degree in Rehabilitation Counseling with a focus on Mental health Treatment as well as Substance Abuse issues. She furthered her education with two post master's programs, one two-year program in Family Therapy and a two-year program at the Cincinnati Psychoanalytic Institute for advanced therapy.
(513) 966-4333 View (513) 966-4333
Photo of James Thomas Binder in Cincinnati, OH
James Thomas Binder
MD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cincinnati, OH 45220
Welcome. Are you are part of a couple who is experiencing hurt, disappointment, anxiety and pain as a result of trying to talk to your partner about something that matters to you? Maybe it is the children, the in-laws, role division, finances. Whatever the topic, you don't seem to be able to get past your differences and get your partner to understand your perspective. Maybe you have even developed a repeated and negative cycle and feel disconnected and frustrated with your partner.
Welcome. Are you are part of a couple who is experiencing hurt, disappointment, anxiety and pain as a result of trying to talk to your partner about something that matters to you? Maybe it is the children, the in-laws, role division, finances. Whatever the topic, you don't seem to be able to get past your differences and get your partner to understand your perspective. Maybe you have even developed a repeated and negative cycle and feel disconnected and frustrated with your partner.
(681) 578-5319 View (681) 578-5319
Photo of Marshal Compton, Psychologist in Cincinnati, OH
Marshal Compton
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45209
Are you having trouble with day-to-day life? Is your life lacking in passion and meaning? If you have been struggling with depression, relationship issues, or a recent or childhood trauma, I would like to help. I view therapy as a means to transform suffering and conflict, towards the development of a richer, fuller and happier life. I seek to understand the causes for the emotional distress and assist individuals in relieving their pain. I look to bring meaning back to their life.
Are you having trouble with day-to-day life? Is your life lacking in passion and meaning? If you have been struggling with depression, relationship issues, or a recent or childhood trauma, I would like to help. I view therapy as a means to transform suffering and conflict, towards the development of a richer, fuller and happier life. I seek to understand the causes for the emotional distress and assist individuals in relieving their pain. I look to bring meaning back to their life.
(513) 685-0964 View (513) 685-0964
Champion Healthcare Services, Inc.
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45202
Champion Healthcare Services is a progressive team of mental health professionals working with families to provide Intensive outpatient therapy, community support, psychological testing, behavioral health and school-based services. are among the most commonly utilized services. As we develop individualized treatment plans, your Champion team prides itself on being empathetic and respectful of each patient's condition. We are attentive to personal needs and are culturally aware of the different values, traditions, languages, lifestyles and expectations of each individual.
Champion Healthcare Services is a progressive team of mental health professionals working with families to provide Intensive outpatient therapy, community support, psychological testing, behavioral health and school-based services. are among the most commonly utilized services. As we develop individualized treatment plans, your Champion team prides itself on being empathetic and respectful of each patient's condition. We are attentive to personal needs and are culturally aware of the different values, traditions, languages, lifestyles and expectations of each individual.
(513) 613-2721 View (513) 613-2721
Photo of Alison M Sauer, Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Alison M Sauer
Counselor, Alison Sauer
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45227
Hi! I’m Alison Sauer and I'm currently earning my master’s degree in clinical counseling at Xavier University while practicing at Clear Path Counseling. During the most difficult times in life, I want to help individuals and couples find peace and uncover deep meaning. I want to help my clients tap into their true voice and find great resilience. Together, we will create a supportive and safe environment for you to use your unique strengths, cultivate self-compassion, and prioritize your well-being. I strive to build trust, be empathic, supportive, and collaborative.
Hi! I’m Alison Sauer and I'm currently earning my master’s degree in clinical counseling at Xavier University while practicing at Clear Path Counseling. During the most difficult times in life, I want to help individuals and couples find peace and uncover deep meaning. I want to help my clients tap into their true voice and find great resilience. Together, we will create a supportive and safe environment for you to use your unique strengths, cultivate self-compassion, and prioritize your well-being. I strive to build trust, be empathic, supportive, and collaborative.
(513) 756-3152 View (513) 756-3152
Photo of Keena Naylor, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cincinnati, OH
Keena Naylor
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor
Verified Verified
Cincinnati, OH 45239  (Online Only)
You made it here, which means you're ready to take the counseling journey. I enjoy working with clients who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, difficulty managing relationships and self-esteem. During this process, we will work on identifying your needs and utilizing your strengths for restoration. The goal is that counseling will give you the support and interventions to develop the skill sets necessary to manage or decrease your symptoms.
You made it here, which means you're ready to take the counseling journey. I enjoy working with clients who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, difficulty managing relationships and self-esteem. During this process, we will work on identifying your needs and utilizing your strengths for restoration. The goal is that counseling will give you the support and interventions to develop the skill sets necessary to manage or decrease your symptoms.
(513) 796-7082 View (513) 796-7082

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cincinnati, OH

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Cincinnati, OH who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
87% Depression
72% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Relationship Issues
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Aetna
64% Optum

How Therapists in Cincinnati, OH see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
21% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cincinnati?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.