Therapists in Cleveland, OH

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Photo of Brittani Davis, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Brittani Davis
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC-S, LICDC, CST
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44121  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Now, more than ever, having a space to process life is essential. Life can be challenging, especially if you wish to stand confidently in who you are; free of rigid social ideals or limiting environments. My goal is to provide a safe, judgement-free space to do the work. I offer to stand beside you as we process and uncover, discover, resolve, find healing and explore what it looks like to be you, whole and authentically you. Whether consumed with anxiety, life transitions and what’s next or figuring out relationships, I am excited and ready to get through it with you!
Now, more than ever, having a space to process life is essential. Life can be challenging, especially if you wish to stand confidently in who you are; free of rigid social ideals or limiting environments. My goal is to provide a safe, judgement-free space to do the work. I offer to stand beside you as we process and uncover, discover, resolve, find healing and explore what it looks like to be you, whole and authentically you. Whether consumed with anxiety, life transitions and what’s next or figuring out relationships, I am excited and ready to get through it with you!
(216) 677-2124 View (216) 677-2124
Photo of Dr. Peter M. Arian, Psychologist in Cleveland, OH
Dr. Peter M. Arian
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113
There is no one-size-fits-all approach to life. We will work together to take an honest look at what’s working and what is not. I have found great joy in helping clients identify and navigate fear, uncertainty and doubt. How many times have we been dissuaded by fear? How often do we allow that fear to operate under the guise of legitimate concern, caution, reason, etc. My approach is a collaborative effort where empowerment and self actualization are mainstays.
There is no one-size-fits-all approach to life. We will work together to take an honest look at what’s working and what is not. I have found great joy in helping clients identify and navigate fear, uncertainty and doubt. How many times have we been dissuaded by fear? How often do we allow that fear to operate under the guise of legitimate concern, caution, reason, etc. My approach is a collaborative effort where empowerment and self actualization are mainstays.
(440) 762-7978 View (440) 762-7978
Photo of Zeina Dean, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Zeina Dean
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
We all share human experience of facing challenges, seeking understanding, and desiring emotional well-being. I've lived with the challenges of navigating life between two cultures, enduring the complexities and confusion that often accompany such a unique upbringing. My lived experience ignited me to develop a skill set to effectively support other women, mothers and children of immigrants living in the diaspora. As a MENA therapist, I understand this step can be daunting. I hope you take comfort in me being here to support you on your journey and guide you towards discovering the inherent healing power within yourself.
We all share human experience of facing challenges, seeking understanding, and desiring emotional well-being. I've lived with the challenges of navigating life between two cultures, enduring the complexities and confusion that often accompany such a unique upbringing. My lived experience ignited me to develop a skill set to effectively support other women, mothers and children of immigrants living in the diaspora. As a MENA therapist, I understand this step can be daunting. I hope you take comfort in me being here to support you on your journey and guide you towards discovering the inherent healing power within yourself.
(216) 868-8358 View (216) 868-8358
Photo of Donna Schultheiss, Psychologist in Cleveland, OH
Donna Schultheiss
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44122  (Online Only)
Areas of focus include educational and career planning and decision making, career changes and transitions, re-entry into the workforce, and leadership development and advancement. Career Coaching Areas of Focus: Career Exploration and Decision Making, Career Changes, Transitions and Advancement, Re-Entry into the Workforce, Retirement and Encore Careers. Leadership Coaching Areas of Focus: Develop and Enhance Critical leadership Skills, Grow in your Current Role or Prepare for More Senior Leadership, Seek Support in an initial, new, or Expanded Leadership Role, Refine your focus and identify challenges and growth opportunities
Areas of focus include educational and career planning and decision making, career changes and transitions, re-entry into the workforce, and leadership development and advancement. Career Coaching Areas of Focus: Career Exploration and Decision Making, Career Changes, Transitions and Advancement, Re-Entry into the Workforce, Retirement and Encore Careers. Leadership Coaching Areas of Focus: Develop and Enhance Critical leadership Skills, Grow in your Current Role or Prepare for More Senior Leadership, Seek Support in an initial, new, or Expanded Leadership Role, Refine your focus and identify challenges and growth opportunities
(216) 304-3625 View (216) 304-3625
Photo of Wayne Klee, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Wayne Klee
Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44107  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
You can't change the past, but you can start where you are, use what you have, and do what you can to shape a better future. In my 9+ years of clinical experience, I've learned that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to therapy as everyone has different needs.
You can't change the past, but you can start where you are, use what you have, and do what you can to shape a better future. In my 9+ years of clinical experience, I've learned that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to therapy as everyone has different needs.
(513) 654-5538 View (513) 654-5538
Photo of Leanne Hardy, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Leanne Hardy
Counselor, MS, LPCC-S, C-DBT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44111  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Whether it is helping you become the gatekeeper of your own thoughts, thinking and acting effectively given life’s challenges, realizing your own innate worth, or simply finding peace within yourself or your relationships, I am here to work with you. I have extensive experience in working with anxiety, mood, relationship issues and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). When we can take a step inward and understand ourselves (thoughts, feelings, behaviors) and why these patterns develop, we can truly feel self-compassion. Insight and self-compassion are essential in making lasting changes and free us to live the life we want.
Whether it is helping you become the gatekeeper of your own thoughts, thinking and acting effectively given life’s challenges, realizing your own innate worth, or simply finding peace within yourself or your relationships, I am here to work with you. I have extensive experience in working with anxiety, mood, relationship issues and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). When we can take a step inward and understand ourselves (thoughts, feelings, behaviors) and why these patterns develop, we can truly feel self-compassion. Insight and self-compassion are essential in making lasting changes and free us to live the life we want.
(440) 457-5586 View (440) 457-5586
Photo of Randie Shane, IMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Randie Shane, IMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, IMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44106
You make sense. I know it doesn't always feel that way; it often feels like no one understands why you do what you do, sometimes even including you. It's a lonely and disheartening feeling. I create a safe and judgment-free space for individuals and couples to discover, make sense of, and shift out of what is driving the stuckness. Together we will break patterns and heal parts of yourself you lost contact with along the way.
You make sense. I know it doesn't always feel that way; it often feels like no one understands why you do what you do, sometimes even including you. It's a lonely and disheartening feeling. I create a safe and judgment-free space for individuals and couples to discover, make sense of, and shift out of what is driving the stuckness. Together we will break patterns and heal parts of yourself you lost contact with along the way.
(646) 798-4048 View (646) 798-4048
Photo of Mary Rose Tichar, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Mary Rose Tichar
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CCC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44119
Hello! I am a career counselor, life coach, and a licensed professional counselor with 20 years of experience. Your natural talent and strengths, along with meaning and purpose for your work, is the cornerstone of a satisfying career. At InsideOut, we talk a lot about your natural talent and we build narratives and communication strategies for interviews and networking. We work a process that builds confidence and clarity for who you are, and the value you bring to your work. If you are an early, mid, or seasoned person seeking a pathway forward, please connect with me. I look forward to meeting you!
Hello! I am a career counselor, life coach, and a licensed professional counselor with 20 years of experience. Your natural talent and strengths, along with meaning and purpose for your work, is the cornerstone of a satisfying career. At InsideOut, we talk a lot about your natural talent and we build narratives and communication strategies for interviews and networking. We work a process that builds confidence and clarity for who you are, and the value you bring to your work. If you are an early, mid, or seasoned person seeking a pathway forward, please connect with me. I look forward to meeting you!
(216) 502-2787 View (216) 502-2787
Photo of Able Counseling & Associates, Inc., Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Able Counseling & Associates, Inc.
Counselor, LPCC, NCC, PhD(c)
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44121
While I may not change past ( personal, relationship, marriage, family or business) situations, I can help you to better understand and resolve your current situation and guide you to a happier and successful personal and professional life. By applying complementary individual, couple, family or group therapy techniques to unearth long-standing patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a meaningful and purposeful life. My team also provide EAP Consultations, Critical Incident Training & Response worldwide (24/7) Benefits:
While I may not change past ( personal, relationship, marriage, family or business) situations, I can help you to better understand and resolve your current situation and guide you to a happier and successful personal and professional life. By applying complementary individual, couple, family or group therapy techniques to unearth long-standing patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a meaningful and purposeful life. My team also provide EAP Consultations, Critical Incident Training & Response worldwide (24/7) Benefits:
(216) 446-7147 View (216) 446-7147
Photo of Natalie Lodia Chunn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Natalie Lodia Chunn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44120
As a graduate of Cleveland State University with a Master's Degree in Social Work, I realized how important it is to perform interventions tailored to the population I serve. I specialize in adults struggling with mental health and substance abuse as well as older adults with behavior and mood disturbances. I am a devoted therapist who values building therapeutic relationships with my clients to address their needs. I specialized in a number of interventions including motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, & emotion focus therapy to address the many needs of the population I support.
As a graduate of Cleveland State University with a Master's Degree in Social Work, I realized how important it is to perform interventions tailored to the population I serve. I specialize in adults struggling with mental health and substance abuse as well as older adults with behavior and mood disturbances. I am a devoted therapist who values building therapeutic relationships with my clients to address their needs. I specialized in a number of interventions including motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, & emotion focus therapy to address the many needs of the population I support.
(216) 284-0695 View (216) 284-0695
Photo of Mindful Living, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Mindful Living
Counselor, LPCC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44135  (Online Only)
My role is to walk beside my clients as they find their own solutions. I bring a background from journalism, theater, film, event production, dj, and comedy writing to my practice. Clients can expect to be heard and encouraged with genuine empathy and faith in improving life experiences. The modalities I use most are positive psychology , cognitive behavioral, client centered, gestalt, Parent Child Interactive, and trauma informed. I am grateful for every client I am privileged to meet.
My role is to walk beside my clients as they find their own solutions. I bring a background from journalism, theater, film, event production, dj, and comedy writing to my practice. Clients can expect to be heard and encouraged with genuine empathy and faith in improving life experiences. The modalities I use most are positive psychology , cognitive behavioral, client centered, gestalt, Parent Child Interactive, and trauma informed. I am grateful for every client I am privileged to meet.
(216) 284-8381 View (216) 284-8381
Photo of Jessica Rooker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Jessica Rooker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44114  (Online Only)
Hey there! :) I'm a Licensed Independent Social Worker with Supervisory distinction (LISW-S) based in central Ohio. I received my MSW from The Ohio State University and have been practicing for a decade. I began my career working as a trauma specialist for children in Treatment Foster Care and adoptions in inner city Columbus as well as my second job working in Worthington, Ohio for a private agency helping children, young adults, and families create balance in their homes and in their lives.
Hey there! :) I'm a Licensed Independent Social Worker with Supervisory distinction (LISW-S) based in central Ohio. I received my MSW from The Ohio State University and have been practicing for a decade. I began my career working as a trauma specialist for children in Treatment Foster Care and adoptions in inner city Columbus as well as my second job working in Worthington, Ohio for a private agency helping children, young adults, and families create balance in their homes and in their lives.
(216) 999-4129 View (216) 999-4129
Photo of Jennifer Dirr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Jennifer Dirr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44114  (Online Only)
Hello, just by you being you and reading this information means you're considering therapy. I believe you are making a brave step in your healing journey...congratulations! Going through issues like trauma, depression, or life transitions can feel like navigating a storm alone, with no end in sight. The journey can be challenging and feel isolating. There are steps we can take together to change your life. Whether it's dealing with depression, anxiety, or the tumultuous shifts that come with life transitions, I'm here to walk this path beside you. All while creating an inclusive environment where you feel seen, heard, & supported.
Hello, just by you being you and reading this information means you're considering therapy. I believe you are making a brave step in your healing journey...congratulations! Going through issues like trauma, depression, or life transitions can feel like navigating a storm alone, with no end in sight. The journey can be challenging and feel isolating. There are steps we can take together to change your life. Whether it's dealing with depression, anxiety, or the tumultuous shifts that come with life transitions, I'm here to walk this path beside you. All while creating an inclusive environment where you feel seen, heard, & supported.
(216) 677-6330 View (216) 677-6330
Photo of Tomeika Simone Oliver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Tomeika Simone Oliver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S, LICDC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44114  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
At ALC, we have a passion for helping people obtain skills aimed in improving overall quality of life. Using a trauma-informed perspective and client-centered approach through individual and group counseling, we aim to provide positive coping strategies to overcome mental and behavioral health challenges.
At ALC, we have a passion for helping people obtain skills aimed in improving overall quality of life. Using a trauma-informed perspective and client-centered approach through individual and group counseling, we aim to provide positive coping strategies to overcome mental and behavioral health challenges.
(216) 677-1485 View (216) 677-1485
Photo of Kindred Harbor Behavioral Health, LLC., Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Kindred Harbor Behavioral Health, LLC.
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, JD, LISW, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44134
Not accepting new clients
**We accept new clients from anywhere in Ohio for tele-health sessions**Asking for help with mental wellness or addiction issues takes courage. Remember that seeking support during difficult times is actually a sign of strength. It's also a step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. You've already taken the first step because you are here reading this right now! I have over ten years of experience with people facing mental wellness and addictions challenges. Our goal is to support you as you heal from your pain, overcome any obstacles, and move forward to the life you deserve.
**We accept new clients from anywhere in Ohio for tele-health sessions**Asking for help with mental wellness or addiction issues takes courage. Remember that seeking support during difficult times is actually a sign of strength. It's also a step toward improving your mental and emotional well-being. You've already taken the first step because you are here reading this right now! I have over ten years of experience with people facing mental wellness and addictions challenges. Our goal is to support you as you heal from your pain, overcome any obstacles, and move forward to the life you deserve.
(216) 859-1912 View (216) 859-1912
Photo of Peter Finnerty, Counselor in Cleveland, OH
Peter Finnerty
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113
Not accepting new clients
Currently offering teletherapy/in-person. Clients are met where they are and tackle concerns by utilizing personal strengths and wellness practice. Clients who work with me desire to grow internally, professionally, interpersonally, and physically. I work with concerns ranging from academic/professional issues, transition & self-growth to anxiety, depression, and developmental issues. In addition clients come for couples and family concerns and always receive affirmative, culturally-responsive counseling. LGBTQ+, BIPOC, and others marginalized by society are affirmed, celebrated, and honored on their journey toward liberation.
Currently offering teletherapy/in-person. Clients are met where they are and tackle concerns by utilizing personal strengths and wellness practice. Clients who work with me desire to grow internally, professionally, interpersonally, and physically. I work with concerns ranging from academic/professional issues, transition & self-growth to anxiety, depression, and developmental issues. In addition clients come for couples and family concerns and always receive affirmative, culturally-responsive counseling. LGBTQ+, BIPOC, and others marginalized by society are affirmed, celebrated, and honored on their journey toward liberation.
(216) 930-2306 View (216) 930-2306
Photo of Ellen Thrasher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Ellen Thrasher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Cleveland, OH 44114  (Online Only)
Hello, I am an independently licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Ohio with the ability to provide supervision (MSSA, LISW-S). I earned my Master of Science in Social Administration from Case Western Reserve University. I have worked with clients of all ages and backgrounds.
Hello, I am an independently licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Ohio with the ability to provide supervision (MSSA, LISW-S). I earned my Master of Science in Social Administration from Case Western Reserve University. I have worked with clients of all ages and backgrounds.
(216) 616-1142 View (216) 616-1142
Photo of Cleveland Sex & Intimacy Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Cleveland Sex & Intimacy Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44113
Looking to have more fulfilling relationships with other people? Needing to unpack unhelpful narratives from childhood that are confining you from individual and relational growth? Many people have deeply challenging and hurtful experiences in past relationships, be it family members, friendships, or even at a societal level. These messages can alter the way we view ourselves and the relationships we cultivate. CSIC works with all individuals, partners, and relationships to build and create better relationships with yourself and important others within your life. We seek to empower and support couples who are LGBTQ+, kink, & poly.
Looking to have more fulfilling relationships with other people? Needing to unpack unhelpful narratives from childhood that are confining you from individual and relational growth? Many people have deeply challenging and hurtful experiences in past relationships, be it family members, friendships, or even at a societal level. These messages can alter the way we view ourselves and the relationships we cultivate. CSIC works with all individuals, partners, and relationships to build and create better relationships with yourself and important others within your life. We seek to empower and support couples who are LGBTQ+, kink, & poly.
(440) 271-3679 View (440) 271-3679
Photo of Benjamin Rubin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Benjamin Rubin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LISW-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44143  (Online Only)
It is difficult to struggle with stressful life events, along with anxiety and depression. This can take over our lives and interfere with our daily functioning. If you would like to gain control of your worry, panic attacks, rumination and depression, mental health therapy may be right for you.
It is difficult to struggle with stressful life events, along with anxiety and depression. This can take over our lives and interfere with our daily functioning. If you would like to gain control of your worry, panic attacks, rumination and depression, mental health therapy may be right for you.
(440) 291-5938 View (440) 291-5938
Photo of Robin M Phillips, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, OH
Robin M Phillips
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LISW-S, ACSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, OH 44119
Life is a series of transitions. Even growth and positive changes require new skill sets and can be challenging to navigate. The process of counseling allows us to gain clarity about ourselves and our situation. It can be profoundly therapeutic to speak to someone who knows how to listen. The gains and insights achieved can be thrilling, but the process itself is hard work. I have been a Clinical Social Worker for 40 years in many settings. I have learned the nuts and bolts of chemical dependency, treatment resources and the path to acceptance of a mental health diagnosis.
Life is a series of transitions. Even growth and positive changes require new skill sets and can be challenging to navigate. The process of counseling allows us to gain clarity about ourselves and our situation. It can be profoundly therapeutic to speak to someone who knows how to listen. The gains and insights achieved can be thrilling, but the process itself is hard work. I have been a Clinical Social Worker for 40 years in many settings. I have learned the nuts and bolts of chemical dependency, treatment resources and the path to acceptance of a mental health diagnosis.
(216) 539-4452 View (216) 539-4452

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cleveland, OH

800+

Average cost per session

$130

Therapists in Cleveland, OH who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
74% Trauma and PTSD
71% Relationship Issues
69% Self Esteem
65% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% Aetna
82% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
71% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Cleveland, OH see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cleveland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.