Therapists in Richfield, OH

Photo of Angie McClenahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richfield, OH
Angie McClenahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
Do you feel like your worry is taking over? Do you tend to think about everything? Does this sometimes lead you to spend inordinate amounts of time researching only to find yourself paralyzed by indecision or so exhausted you don't have the energy to implement what you learned. I help people manage anxiety because if it has a chance, it will take over! Relationships, kids, work, life can feel like too much even for the healthiest among us. You can find relief, you can get back to a place that feels more free.
Do you feel like your worry is taking over? Do you tend to think about everything? Does this sometimes lead you to spend inordinate amounts of time researching only to find yourself paralyzed by indecision or so exhausted you don't have the energy to implement what you learned. I help people manage anxiety because if it has a chance, it will take over! Relationships, kids, work, life can feel like too much even for the healthiest among us. You can find relief, you can get back to a place that feels more free.
(330) 946-5863 View (330) 946-5863
Photo of Dr. Elizabeth Hritz, Psychologist in Richfield, OH
Dr. Elizabeth Hritz
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
Do you "know what to do but just can't seem to do it?" When health coaching or personal training, I help clients reach the goals they value. Whether it's improving nutrition and self-care, quitting something unhealthy, or enjoying that new hobby or accomplishment, we can get going on feeling better. Together, we can better understand what roadblocks or patterns have slowed progress. We might need to adjust expectations, set boundaries, or learn new strategies. Clients have reported improvement in chronic pain, energy, weight, relationships, enjoyment of life, and peacefulness.
Do you "know what to do but just can't seem to do it?" When health coaching or personal training, I help clients reach the goals they value. Whether it's improving nutrition and self-care, quitting something unhealthy, or enjoying that new hobby or accomplishment, we can get going on feeling better. Together, we can better understand what roadblocks or patterns have slowed progress. We might need to adjust expectations, set boundaries, or learn new strategies. Clients have reported improvement in chronic pain, energy, weight, relationships, enjoyment of life, and peacefulness.
(330) 621-5053 View (330) 621-5053
Photo of Vladimir Mordashov, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richfield, OH
Vladimir Mordashov
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in trauma, anxiety, and depression with a trauma focused therapy certification. Rather than simply managing the symptoms, the therapy aims to solve the core causes that are often carried for many years. Due to this, most of my clients frequently see significant improvement within 3 to 6 sessions. As a trauma informed counselor, I do not ask my clients to share the details and re-experience their wounds.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in trauma, anxiety, and depression with a trauma focused therapy certification. Rather than simply managing the symptoms, the therapy aims to solve the core causes that are often carried for many years. Due to this, most of my clients frequently see significant improvement within 3 to 6 sessions. As a trauma informed counselor, I do not ask my clients to share the details and re-experience their wounds.
(234) 742-4185 View (234) 742-4185
Photo of Patricia Shumay, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richfield, OH
Patricia Shumay
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who treats a wide variety of issues and life changes, but I specialize in depression, anxiety, cutting, teens, couples and family therapy. I treat individuals ages 6 and older through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I offer therapy tailored to fit your particular needs in a welcoming environment where you will be heard and encouraged while you heal. Therapy is centered around you, the individual, couple or family, at your pace and comfort level.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who treats a wide variety of issues and life changes, but I specialize in depression, anxiety, cutting, teens, couples and family therapy. I treat individuals ages 6 and older through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I offer therapy tailored to fit your particular needs in a welcoming environment where you will be heard and encouraged while you heal. Therapy is centered around you, the individual, couple or family, at your pace and comfort level.
(216) 455-5292 View (216) 455-5292
Photo of Matthew Jay McClenahan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richfield, OH
Matthew Jay McClenahan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
Do you often feel unheard, under-appreciated, and misunderstood in your relationship? Are you and your partner having difficulty communicating, and you feel more like roommates than partners. Maybe you or your partner are dealing with depression or anxiety, and this impacts your relationship and satisfaction with life. If you find conversations with your partner don’t go as planned and would like a professional voice & guide – I’d be glad to serve & support you. Together we will develop communication skills and habits that bring relational closeness and contentment.
Do you often feel unheard, under-appreciated, and misunderstood in your relationship? Are you and your partner having difficulty communicating, and you feel more like roommates than partners. Maybe you or your partner are dealing with depression or anxiety, and this impacts your relationship and satisfaction with life. If you find conversations with your partner don’t go as planned and would like a professional voice & guide – I’d be glad to serve & support you. Together we will develop communication skills and habits that bring relational closeness and contentment.
(234) 204-3430 View (234) 204-3430
Photo of Esam Joshua Pietras, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richfield, OH
Esam Joshua Pietras
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, STS, PMP
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who treats a wide range of issues and has an expertise in: marital therapy, trauma, anxiety/depression, phobias, personality disorders and Christian counseling. I am trained as a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist as well as in EMDR with a focus on Trauma. Your treatment plan will be tailored to fit your individual needs while working in a non-judgemental empethetic setting where you will be encouraged and given the knowledge to heal. I value genuine, thoughtful and practical interactions that lead to real life changes for you and your families.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who treats a wide range of issues and has an expertise in: marital therapy, trauma, anxiety/depression, phobias, personality disorders and Christian counseling. I am trained as a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist as well as in EMDR with a focus on Trauma. Your treatment plan will be tailored to fit your individual needs while working in a non-judgemental empethetic setting where you will be encouraged and given the knowledge to heal. I value genuine, thoughtful and practical interactions that lead to real life changes for you and your families.
(234) 222-4030 View (234) 222-4030
Photo of Rosanna Gustafson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richfield, OH
Rosanna Gustafson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
Yes, I would welcome your call … but am I right for you? I am a mother/grandmother and a two-time cancer survivor. I believe the relationship with ourself will determine our quality of relationship with others. We have intrinsic, untapped power to change thoughts and behaviors that rob us of the joy, peace and acceptance we so very much desire. I am a LCSW with more than 15 years of experience helping others with life transitions; health concerns, career challenges, marriage, divorce, childhood trauma, PTSD, anxiety & depression. If we are a good fit, I’d love to be your coach, educator, and counselor.
Yes, I would welcome your call … but am I right for you? I am a mother/grandmother and a two-time cancer survivor. I believe the relationship with ourself will determine our quality of relationship with others. We have intrinsic, untapped power to change thoughts and behaviors that rob us of the joy, peace and acceptance we so very much desire. I am a LCSW with more than 15 years of experience helping others with life transitions; health concerns, career challenges, marriage, divorce, childhood trauma, PTSD, anxiety & depression. If we are a good fit, I’d love to be your coach, educator, and counselor.
(909) 430-1420 View (909) 430-1420
Photo of Edward T Novak, LPCC, Counselor in Richfield, OH
Edward T Novak, LPCC
Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
I am a certified psychoanalyst and I work exclusively with individuals wanting long-term treatment to address lifelong suffering usually due to abuse or trauma. I offer both contemporary psychoanalysis and embodied psychotherapy, as appropriate, to address mind, body, and emotional issues that continue impact your current life and relationships. This approach is designed to expand treatment beyond short-lived symptom relief into transforming the actual origins of your issues, symptoms, and daily suffering. You can learn more about me and the ways I practice by visiting my website: www.edwardnovak.com
I am a certified psychoanalyst and I work exclusively with individuals wanting long-term treatment to address lifelong suffering usually due to abuse or trauma. I offer both contemporary psychoanalysis and embodied psychotherapy, as appropriate, to address mind, body, and emotional issues that continue impact your current life and relationships. This approach is designed to expand treatment beyond short-lived symptom relief into transforming the actual origins of your issues, symptoms, and daily suffering. You can learn more about me and the ways I practice by visiting my website: www.edwardnovak.com
(330) 685-9391 View (330) 685-9391
Photo of Kimberly Fuller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richfield, OH
Kimberly Fuller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, MSW, MEd, LISW-S, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Richfield, OH 44286
What's your story? Each person has their own unique story filled with struggle, pain, triumph,and success. I find myself lucky enough to have people share their stories with me every day. I assist people in working through difficult experiences in their past and present, and create a new story for themselves in their future. I seek to help people create better relationships with others through individual, relationship, or sex therapy. I look forward to helping you understand and re-write your story to gain better relationships.
What's your story? Each person has their own unique story filled with struggle, pain, triumph,and success. I find myself lucky enough to have people share their stories with me every day. I assist people in working through difficult experiences in their past and present, and create a new story for themselves in their future. I seek to help people create better relationships with others through individual, relationship, or sex therapy. I look forward to helping you understand and re-write your story to gain better relationships.
(216) 609-3765 View (216) 609-3765
Photo of Jen Yensel, Counselor in Richfield, OH
Jen Yensel
Counselor, PhD, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Richfield, OH 44286
Do you feel stressed? Overwhelmed? Need someone to talk to? I pride myself on my listening skills and like to build relationships with my clients. I can help you feel heard, and together, we can help find balance in your life. I have broad experience with clients in inpatient, outpatient, and school settings. My training has provided me the education to treat individuals of all ages and most mental health disorders. If I am not the best fit for you, I'll help you find someone who is.
Do you feel stressed? Overwhelmed? Need someone to talk to? I pride myself on my listening skills and like to build relationships with my clients. I can help you feel heard, and together, we can help find balance in your life. I have broad experience with clients in inpatient, outpatient, and school settings. My training has provided me the education to treat individuals of all ages and most mental health disorders. If I am not the best fit for you, I'll help you find someone who is.
(216) 208-5102 View (216) 208-5102
Photo of Carolyn Erbaugh, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Richfield, OH
Carolyn Erbaugh
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
Waitlist for new clients
Hello to all courageous seekers. Are you looking for a unique professional with a holistic background/approach who will help you reduce anxiety and depression, build confidence and self worth, improve boundaries in relationships and gain more assertiveness? Do you struggle with disconnection from self and others, stage of life changes, grief? I would love to help you get unstuck, to heal, and reconnect to your wisdom. I truly believe there is a path to finding greater mental and emotional resilience and psychological flexibility and creative ways to find peace in the body and mind and I can show you how.
Hello to all courageous seekers. Are you looking for a unique professional with a holistic background/approach who will help you reduce anxiety and depression, build confidence and self worth, improve boundaries in relationships and gain more assertiveness? Do you struggle with disconnection from self and others, stage of life changes, grief? I would love to help you get unstuck, to heal, and reconnect to your wisdom. I truly believe there is a path to finding greater mental and emotional resilience and psychological flexibility and creative ways to find peace in the body and mind and I can show you how.
(440) 740-3722 View (440) 740-3722
Photo of Kara Klein, Counselor in Richfield, OH
Kara Klein
Counselor, PCC
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
In my practice I develop a trusting, professional relationship with the client. Many of the issues they present with include depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, grief, feelings of being overwhelmed, unhealthy coping skills and overall life dissatisfaction. I work best with a client ready to accept responsibility to feel better.
In my practice I develop a trusting, professional relationship with the client. Many of the issues they present with include depression, anxiety, relationship conflict, grief, feelings of being overwhelmed, unhealthy coping skills and overall life dissatisfaction. I work best with a client ready to accept responsibility to feel better.
(234) 407-0893 View (234) 407-0893
Photo of Desiree Untch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richfield, OH
Desiree Untch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
I am a clinical social worker with a specialized focus in the treatment of OCD, anxiety, and the related disorders. As a clinician, I recognize that OCD and anxiety can often consume our thoughts and force us to avoid people, places, and things while causing us to miss out on positive life experiences.
I am a clinical social worker with a specialized focus in the treatment of OCD, anxiety, and the related disorders. As a clinician, I recognize that OCD and anxiety can often consume our thoughts and force us to avoid people, places, and things while causing us to miss out on positive life experiences.
(330) 331-6296 View (330) 331-6296
Photo of Sarah Saunders, Counselor in Richfield, OH
Sarah Saunders
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286
Have you noticed yourself or your marriage running on autopilot? Are you feeling overwhelmed or stressed with everything on your plate? Are you feeling lost or alone? Life, parenting, marriage – it can all be challenging, and none of it comes with a roadmap. When we’re faced with life’s tough issues, we often forget to take care of ourselves. But it is possible to break out of old patterns and find a better path to happiness.
Have you noticed yourself or your marriage running on autopilot? Are you feeling overwhelmed or stressed with everything on your plate? Are you feeling lost or alone? Life, parenting, marriage – it can all be challenging, and none of it comes with a roadmap. When we’re faced with life’s tough issues, we often forget to take care of ourselves. But it is possible to break out of old patterns and find a better path to happiness.
(440) 306-3667 View (440) 306-3667
Photo of Sara Booth, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richfield, OH
Sara Booth
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-S
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck and overwhelmed with life? I am dedicated to helping teens and adults in making positive changes in their lives. Life can be difficult and stressful but does not have to stay that way. In my client centered approach we will work together to find strength based solutions to create a healthier and happier lifestyle. I work closely with individuals to enhance their overall quality of life.
Feeling stuck and overwhelmed with life? I am dedicated to helping teens and adults in making positive changes in their lives. Life can be difficult and stressful but does not have to stay that way. In my client centered approach we will work together to find strength based solutions to create a healthier and happier lifestyle. I work closely with individuals to enhance their overall quality of life.
(440) 969-6439 View (440) 969-6439
Photo of Dr. B Couples Marriage Anxiety Stress Specialist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Richfield, OH
Dr. B Couples Marriage Anxiety Stress Specialist
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Richfield, OH 44286  (Online Only)
Tried Everything? Anxious Adults & Couples ready to overcome debilitating fears, panic attacks, unmanageable anxiety, arguments with partner & build confidence, and heal past trauma & betrayal. I will teach you effective evidence based skills to achieve healthy relationships, & quickly resolve conflict! I believe in a world where everyone deserves a place to heal mind, body, spirit & soul! I choose to fully invest in my clients, with my wisdom as a trauma survivor, my experiences of healing pain & overcome any obstacle, Giving you Hope! Call TODAY!.
Tried Everything? Anxious Adults & Couples ready to overcome debilitating fears, panic attacks, unmanageable anxiety, arguments with partner & build confidence, and heal past trauma & betrayal. I will teach you effective evidence based skills to achieve healthy relationships, & quickly resolve conflict! I believe in a world where everyone deserves a place to heal mind, body, spirit & soul! I choose to fully invest in my clients, with my wisdom as a trauma survivor, my experiences of healing pain & overcome any obstacle, Giving you Hope! Call TODAY!.
(330) 574-7473 View (330) 574-7473

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Melanie Falls, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Richfield, OH
Melanie Falls
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW
Verified Verified
Brecksville, OH 44141
Melanie Falls is an LISW-S and LICDC-CS who has been practicing since 1995. She graduated from KSU's Honors College and Case Western Reserve University with a Master's in Social Science Administration. Her track was clinical with a focus on working with Adolescents, Adults and Families. Melanie believes in starting with where the individual client is and understanding what has influenced them including the family and systems in which they exist. She believes in using an eclectic approach individualized to each client.
Melanie Falls is an LISW-S and LICDC-CS who has been practicing since 1995. She graduated from KSU's Honors College and Case Western Reserve University with a Master's in Social Science Administration. Her track was clinical with a focus on working with Adolescents, Adults and Families. Melanie believes in starting with where the individual client is and understanding what has influenced them including the family and systems in which they exist. She believes in using an eclectic approach individualized to each client.
(216) 450-6776 View (216) 450-6776
Photo of Catherine Kuzmishin Mast, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Richfield, OH
Catherine Kuzmishin Mast
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MEd, LPCC
Verified Verified
Brecksville, OH 44141
Katie Kuzmishin Mast is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). She specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Cognitive Therapy (CT), receiving certification through Cleveland’s Center for Cognitive Therapy in 2022. She generally uses an interdisciplinary approach, however, which includes Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Person-Centered Counseling, and a systems-approach to identifying and solving problems with clients.
Katie Kuzmishin Mast is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). She specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Cognitive Therapy (CT), receiving certification through Cleveland’s Center for Cognitive Therapy in 2022. She generally uses an interdisciplinary approach, however, which includes Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), Person-Centered Counseling, and a systems-approach to identifying and solving problems with clients.
(440) 291-5371 View (440) 291-5371
Photo of Nicole Piatak, Licensed Professional Counselor in Richfield, OH
Nicole Piatak
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
Brecksville, OH 44141
Nicole Piatak is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor specializing in Solution Focused and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, with expertise in Attention Deficit Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and family issues. She has supported numerous individuals in navigating life’s complexities, providing them with the tools for fulfillment and meaning. Nicole’s journey into mental health, fueled by a deep-seated desire to positively impact lives, was propelled by her personal journey through a challenging childhood experience, igniting a profound commitment to supporting others.
Nicole Piatak is a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor specializing in Solution Focused and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, with expertise in Attention Deficit Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and family issues. She has supported numerous individuals in navigating life’s complexities, providing them with the tools for fulfillment and meaning. Nicole’s journey into mental health, fueled by a deep-seated desire to positively impact lives, was propelled by her personal journey through a challenging childhood experience, igniting a profound commitment to supporting others.
(440) 745-7234 View (440) 745-7234
Photo of Michelle Anderson, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Richfield, OH
Michelle Anderson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S
Verified Verified
Brecksville, OH 44141
Michelle E. Anderson is an LPCC-S (Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with Supervisory Status) and has been practicing since 2007. Michelle initially graduated with a Bachelors of Arts in Elementary Education from Walsh University and taught Second grade for 10 years prior to returning to college for a Maters of Arts in Community Counseling at The University of Akron. While working on her PhD, Michelle taught Masters level classes at John Carroll University and The University of Akron in issues with sexuality and group counseling theories and practices.
Michelle E. Anderson is an LPCC-S (Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor with Supervisory Status) and has been practicing since 2007. Michelle initially graduated with a Bachelors of Arts in Elementary Education from Walsh University and taught Second grade for 10 years prior to returning to college for a Maters of Arts in Community Counseling at The University of Akron. While working on her PhD, Michelle taught Masters level classes at John Carroll University and The University of Akron in issues with sexuality and group counseling theories and practices.
(440) 739-6505 View (440) 739-6505

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Richfield, OH

10+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Richfield, OH who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
81% Relationship Issues
81% Depression
75% Self Esteem
63% Trauma and PTSD
63% Divorce
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
88% Cigna and Evernorth
88% Medical Mutual

How Therapists in Richfield, OH see their clients

88% In Person and Online
12% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Richfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.