Relationship Issues Therapists in Harlem, New York, NY

Photo of Rebecca Love in Harlem, New York, NY
Rebecca Love
MS, LCAT, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10027
Cultivating a relationship with your body, can often assist in moments of dis-regulation as clients are able to find safety by creating new experiences in the body and calming the nervous system.
Self exploration can be difficult. I am available to support you as you navigate your process. As a creative arts therapist specializing in movement based therapy, I offer an additional perspective as I integrate traditional verbal psychotherapy & the body, which is one of our greatest resources. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, low self esteem, burn out, body image or communication issues, I will meet you where you are & provide you with a safe, nonjudgmental space for discovery and healing with yourself and in your relationships.
Cultivating a relationship with your body, can often assist in moments of dis-regulation as clients are able to find safety by creating new experiences in the body and calming the nervous system.
Self exploration can be difficult. I am available to support you as you navigate your process. As a creative arts therapist specializing in movement based therapy, I offer an additional perspective as I integrate traditional verbal psychotherapy & the body, which is one of our greatest resources. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, low self esteem, burn out, body image or communication issues, I will meet you where you are & provide you with a safe, nonjudgmental space for discovery and healing with yourself and in your relationships.
(929) 298-3437 View (929) 298-3437
Photo of Sinead Cowins, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Harlem, New York, NY
Sinead Cowins
Limited Licensed Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10037
While I love my work with all human experiences, I have specific insight and interest in working with members of the Muslim community. I provide individual and couples therapy and have special sensitivity to the culture, dynamics and nuances of an Islamic lifestyle in Western society. I work with clients who are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship problems, intimacy challenges and navigating the professional world. In addition, I have special insight into intersectionality and what it means to have multiple identities. I work with clients who seek to incorporate and process their experience as an intersectional person.
While I love my work with all human experiences, I have specific insight and interest in working with members of the Muslim community. I provide individual and couples therapy and have special sensitivity to the culture, dynamics and nuances of an Islamic lifestyle in Western society. I work with clients who are dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship problems, intimacy challenges and navigating the professional world. In addition, I have special insight into intersectionality and what it means to have multiple identities. I work with clients who seek to incorporate and process their experience as an intersectional person.
(718) 808-8323 View (718) 808-8323
Photo of Alex Lapinski, Psychologist in Harlem, New York, NY
Alex Lapinski
Psychologist, PsyD, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10027  (Online Only)
As a licensed psychologist with over a decade of experience in the mental health field, I am passionate about creating a safe and caring therapeutic relationship where we can collaboratively explore your most challenging questions with curiosity.
Welcome to my profile, and thank you for taking the time to read it. If you're feeling stuck or overwhelmed by your thoughts and emotions, I'm here to help. I specialize in working with adults who were raised by emotionally immature or personality disordered parents, guiding them on a journey to understand their complex feelings and cultivate a strong sense of self-trust. Additionally, I have experience assisting transgender individuals, navigating relationship concerns, facilitating multiracial identity development, and supporting clients dealing with depression.
As a licensed psychologist with over a decade of experience in the mental health field, I am passionate about creating a safe and caring therapeutic relationship where we can collaboratively explore your most challenging questions with curiosity.
Welcome to my profile, and thank you for taking the time to read it. If you're feeling stuck or overwhelmed by your thoughts and emotions, I'm here to help. I specialize in working with adults who were raised by emotionally immature or personality disordered parents, guiding them on a journey to understand their complex feelings and cultivate a strong sense of self-trust. Additionally, I have experience assisting transgender individuals, navigating relationship concerns, facilitating multiracial identity development, and supporting clients dealing with depression.
(347) 696-4860 View (347) 696-4860
Photo of Tiffany Rodriguez, Psychologist in Harlem, New York, NY
Tiffany Rodriguez
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10035  (Online Only)
Clients that I serve come with a variety of complex issues and are in search of a therapeutic relationship that will foster empathy, trust and communication. Those who seek out my services generally need support in a multitude of ways including but not limited to chronic stress, trauma, familial issues and transitional periods. I have experience supporting mental health professionals, medical professionals and other essential workers in addressing unique stressors that may arise from their careers.
Clients that I serve come with a variety of complex issues and are in search of a therapeutic relationship that will foster empathy, trust and communication. Those who seek out my services generally need support in a multitude of ways including but not limited to chronic stress, trauma, familial issues and transitional periods. I have experience supporting mental health professionals, medical professionals and other essential workers in addressing unique stressors that may arise from their careers.
(833) 469-0071 View (833) 469-0071
Photo of Hannah Lahoz Wolfe, Psychologist in Harlem, New York, NY
Hannah Lahoz Wolfe
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10027
I have 30 years of experience in successfully addressing depression, anxiety, sexual and relationship issues, and trauma.
After a 25 year career in a major hospital I am very happy with a small sliding scale practice in my home office. I specialize in working with artists, creatives, college students, LBGTQ+ persons, and others who live non-traditional lives. I have a straight-forward, solution-focused, non-judgmental, and supportive approach, incorporating humor and irreverence when indicated. Therapy does not have to be a sullen place to focus on one’s negatives. Nor does it have to be long-term and costly. Join me in an engaged, interactive, lively journey toward your goals.
I have 30 years of experience in successfully addressing depression, anxiety, sexual and relationship issues, and trauma.
After a 25 year career in a major hospital I am very happy with a small sliding scale practice in my home office. I specialize in working with artists, creatives, college students, LBGTQ+ persons, and others who live non-traditional lives. I have a straight-forward, solution-focused, non-judgmental, and supportive approach, incorporating humor and irreverence when indicated. Therapy does not have to be a sullen place to focus on one’s negatives. Nor does it have to be long-term and costly. Join me in an engaged, interactive, lively journey toward your goals.
(646) 663-4374 View (646) 663-4374
Photo of Aarian Punter, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Harlem, New York, NY
Aarian Punter
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BS, MS, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10039  (Online Only)
The therapeutic relationship is a sacred interpersonal bond built on trust. Together, we’ll co-create a space to overcome your obstacles, shift lifestyle or behavioral patterns, and tap into your innate capacity for resilience. I view my work through an anti-oppressive social justice lens, which will deepen your understanding of how your environment, your family, and your community can impact you. We may explore anything from the trickle down effect of workplace stress, to the impact of media violence on children, or anything else that may be on your mind.
The therapeutic relationship is a sacred interpersonal bond built on trust. Together, we’ll co-create a space to overcome your obstacles, shift lifestyle or behavioral patterns, and tap into your innate capacity for resilience. I view my work through an anti-oppressive social justice lens, which will deepen your understanding of how your environment, your family, and your community can impact you. We may explore anything from the trickle down effect of workplace stress, to the impact of media violence on children, or anything else that may be on your mind.
(347) 759-0196 View (347) 759-0196
Photo of Julie Grenet, Licensed Psychoanalyst in Harlem, New York, NY
Julie Grenet
Licensed Psychoanalyst, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10027  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I aim first and foremost to create a safe and supportive environment where you'll feel free to explore what is troubling you and where you'll feel attentively heard and deeply understood. Taking a collaborative approach, I work with individuals on a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship and communication problems, feelings of powerlessness, low self-esteem, work-related difficulties and life transitions.
As a therapist, I aim first and foremost to create a safe and supportive environment where you'll feel free to explore what is troubling you and where you'll feel attentively heard and deeply understood. Taking a collaborative approach, I work with individuals on a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship and communication problems, feelings of powerlessness, low self-esteem, work-related difficulties and life transitions.
(646) 681-5653 View (646) 681-5653
Photo of Jane Coty, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Harlem, New York, NY
Jane Coty
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10039  (Online Only)
Ideal clients are open to change, introspection, and vulnerability. Therapy can be a scary process; We look at ourselves and our lives with the goals of making a change for the better, or maybe a deeper understanding of ourselves. It's my goal to build a relationship with you so we can explore yourself, and your life together, in a safe and enlightening way. It's my experience that the most important aspect of therapy is the relationship between therapist and client. Feeling safe with your therapist is paramount, and it's what I prioritize in my own practice. I want you to feel comfortable to be vulnerable, and explore yourself.
Ideal clients are open to change, introspection, and vulnerability. Therapy can be a scary process; We look at ourselves and our lives with the goals of making a change for the better, or maybe a deeper understanding of ourselves. It's my goal to build a relationship with you so we can explore yourself, and your life together, in a safe and enlightening way. It's my experience that the most important aspect of therapy is the relationship between therapist and client. Feeling safe with your therapist is paramount, and it's what I prioritize in my own practice. I want you to feel comfortable to be vulnerable, and explore yourself.
(929) 955-1473 View (929) 955-1473
Photo of Lea Tanenbaum, Counselor in Harlem, New York, NY
Lea Tanenbaum
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10018  (Online Only)
Focused in couples counseling, I work to emphasize the importance of balance between independence and autonomy with one’s identity within the relationship.
Do you feel discouraged with daily difficulties? Having trouble navigating what others believe "should be easy?" I believe through a Positive approach, we can uncover some previously unexplored options. I work to match the counseling approach to the individual’s needs, strengths, and styles to address identified therapeutic focus. By tackling faulty thinking, undesirable feelings, and outgrown coping mechanisms you’re able to effectively address the Here and Now.
Focused in couples counseling, I work to emphasize the importance of balance between independence and autonomy with one’s identity within the relationship.
Do you feel discouraged with daily difficulties? Having trouble navigating what others believe "should be easy?" I believe through a Positive approach, we can uncover some previously unexplored options. I work to match the counseling approach to the individual’s needs, strengths, and styles to address identified therapeutic focus. By tackling faulty thinking, undesirable feelings, and outgrown coping mechanisms you’re able to effectively address the Here and Now.
(845) 552-4600 View (845) 552-4600
Photo of Dr. Angel Faith, Psychologist in Harlem, New York, NY
Dr. Angel Faith
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10023  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with adults who have the following concerns: Lack of productivity, Anxiety, Depression and/or Relationship issues. My approach to therapy is collaborative and catered to your specific needs. I am direct and active in session (as opposed to being a passive listener); I believe that this creates the most potential for rapid progress and growth. In addition to alleviating symptoms, therapy should enhance wellness, which is why I am passionate about using interventions that build upon your unique strengths, values and skills to help you reach your goals.
I specialize in working with adults who have the following concerns: Lack of productivity, Anxiety, Depression and/or Relationship issues. My approach to therapy is collaborative and catered to your specific needs. I am direct and active in session (as opposed to being a passive listener); I believe that this creates the most potential for rapid progress and growth. In addition to alleviating symptoms, therapy should enhance wellness, which is why I am passionate about using interventions that build upon your unique strengths, values and skills to help you reach your goals.
(323) 922-5056 View (323) 922-5056
Photo of Leah Cerf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Harlem, New York, NY
Leah Cerf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10026  (Online Only)
I work with people struggling with relationship and attachment issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions, toxic family patterns, boundary-setting, professional burnout, identity building, and chronic illness.
If you are feeling stuck and overwhelmed, you came to the right place. Together, we'll gain insight into what's getting in your way to restore balance to your life. I'll help you identify distorted thinking, modify beliefs, alter behavior, and relate to yourself and others in a way that feels easeful and gratifying. I am warm, non-judgmental, and direct—no subject is off limits, and humor is welcome! My style is integrative, merging evidence-based therapies with alternative “new-wave" therapies, honoring the connection between mind, body and spirit. I am strengths-based, trauma-informed, LGBTQ+ affirmative, and nonpathologizing.
I work with people struggling with relationship and attachment issues, anxiety, depression, life transitions, toxic family patterns, boundary-setting, professional burnout, identity building, and chronic illness.
If you are feeling stuck and overwhelmed, you came to the right place. Together, we'll gain insight into what's getting in your way to restore balance to your life. I'll help you identify distorted thinking, modify beliefs, alter behavior, and relate to yourself and others in a way that feels easeful and gratifying. I am warm, non-judgmental, and direct—no subject is off limits, and humor is welcome! My style is integrative, merging evidence-based therapies with alternative “new-wave" therapies, honoring the connection between mind, body and spirit. I am strengths-based, trauma-informed, LGBTQ+ affirmative, and nonpathologizing.
(646) 849-4490 View (646) 849-4490
Photo of James Robinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Harlem, New York, NY
James Robinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10039  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychotherapist who specializes in working with adults struggling with a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, Identity issues, creative blocks, substance use, aging, and loss. I believe that understanding the effect of our past experiences on our present perceptions and emotions can lead to healing and growth. I recognize the limitations of insight alone and value the relational and experiential aspects of psychotherapy. My background in psychodynamic therapy, behavioral therapy, and experiential therapy blend together to help people experience holistic change and positive growth.
I am a licensed psychotherapist who specializes in working with adults struggling with a variety of issues including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, Identity issues, creative blocks, substance use, aging, and loss. I believe that understanding the effect of our past experiences on our present perceptions and emotions can lead to healing and growth. I recognize the limitations of insight alone and value the relational and experiential aspects of psychotherapy. My background in psychodynamic therapy, behavioral therapy, and experiential therapy blend together to help people experience holistic change and positive growth.
(929) 298-9791 View (929) 298-9791
Photo of Loveleen Posmentier, Licensed Psychoanalyst in Harlem, New York, NY
Loveleen Posmentier
Licensed Psychoanalyst, MA
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10026
BILINGUAL PSYCHOTHERAPIST.I enjoy my work as a Psychotherapist and Psychoanalyst. My very extensive training at an analytic Institute has prepared me to listen first and then assess the patient's needs. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is an important guide to help face the challenges of love and work in their lives. Symptoms of depression, anxiety phobias and Rage are often indication that something needs to change. I try to help the patient utilize psychotherapy for their personality issues that make it hard to function effectively in the world or be content , feel more whole, and more productive.
BILINGUAL PSYCHOTHERAPIST.I enjoy my work as a Psychotherapist and Psychoanalyst. My very extensive training at an analytic Institute has prepared me to listen first and then assess the patient's needs. I believe that the therapeutic relationship is an important guide to help face the challenges of love and work in their lives. Symptoms of depression, anxiety phobias and Rage are often indication that something needs to change. I try to help the patient utilize psychotherapy for their personality issues that make it hard to function effectively in the world or be content , feel more whole, and more productive.
(212) 595-3325 View (212) 595-3325
Photo of Lionel R Shockness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Harlem, New York, NY
Lionel R Shockness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Harlem, New York, NY 10039
Additional training in Relationship Coaching and Life Coaching, Anxiety Disorders.
As a therapist and coach I have helped competent, educated adults whose lives, while "good on paper," are unsatisfying. They feel empty despite successes and may have difficulties maintaining healthy relationships . Often, they feel stuck in their lives but do not know why or how to make productive changes. Psychotherapy examines the ways we repeat disappointing and frustrating patterns I help identify roadblocks to personal fulfillment and together, we create strategies to inspire,motivate you to make behavioral change which transforms you and impacts the people around you. The results are increased personal and professional satisfaction in work and life
Additional training in Relationship Coaching and Life Coaching, Anxiety Disorders.
As a therapist and coach I have helped competent, educated adults whose lives, while "good on paper," are unsatisfying. They feel empty despite successes and may have difficulties maintaining healthy relationships . Often, they feel stuck in their lives but do not know why or how to make productive changes. Psychotherapy examines the ways we repeat disappointing and frustrating patterns I help identify roadblocks to personal fulfillment and together, we create strategies to inspire,motivate you to make behavioral change which transforms you and impacts the people around you. The results are increased personal and professional satisfaction in work and life
(646) 257-3627 View (646) 257-3627
Photo of David Ardao, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Harlem, New York, NY
David Ardao
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10037
I believe that therapy really exists in the relationship between client and therapist.
I have been a therapist for over 25 years and I treat many types of clients, from financial traders, to young students and business workers suffering from anxiety/depression and drug and alcohol. I also do marital therapy. For 10 years, I was the Clinical Triage Director for a company providing EAP's for Morgan Stanley, Credit Suisse and Deutsche Bank. My midtown office, conveniently located at 48th Street and Broadway, allows me to stay available to the financial world. I also have a particular expertise working with people in the arts - theatre, music, dance.
I believe that therapy really exists in the relationship between client and therapist.
I have been a therapist for over 25 years and I treat many types of clients, from financial traders, to young students and business workers suffering from anxiety/depression and drug and alcohol. I also do marital therapy. For 10 years, I was the Clinical Triage Director for a company providing EAP's for Morgan Stanley, Credit Suisse and Deutsche Bank. My midtown office, conveniently located at 48th Street and Broadway, allows me to stay available to the financial world. I also have a particular expertise working with people in the arts - theatre, music, dance.
(646) 666-8478 View (646) 666-8478
Barry M Kotel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, PC
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10026
I was trained as a psychoanalytic psychotherapist, and have since integrated cognitive behavioral methods into my work. I have had extensive experience working with people of varied cultural, ethnic and racial backgrounds. I work with all age groups except children, as well as with all sexual orientations. I work with individuals, couples and families. My core belief is that when therapy works, regardless of the presenting issue, it does so because of the relationship that has evolved between me and those that come to me for help.
I was trained as a psychoanalytic psychotherapist, and have since integrated cognitive behavioral methods into my work. I have had extensive experience working with people of varied cultural, ethnic and racial backgrounds. I work with all age groups except children, as well as with all sexual orientations. I work with individuals, couples and families. My core belief is that when therapy works, regardless of the presenting issue, it does so because of the relationship that has evolved between me and those that come to me for help.
(646) 386-2271 View (646) 386-2271
Lauren Grunebaum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10026
Depression, anxiety, eating disorders,career difficulties, and relationship conflicts can feel overwhelming. An individual may feel stuck in unhealthy coping mechanisms. As a psychodynamic therapist, I know that individuals suffering from these difficutlies may exhibit similar symptoms, yet the underlying causality is unique to each individual. Revealing one's problem to a stranger can be difficult, I work with my clients to develop a safe environment where there is a mutual sense of authenticity, empathy, and trust. In collaboration with the client, we develop a treatment plan based on his/her individual needs and goals.
Depression, anxiety, eating disorders,career difficulties, and relationship conflicts can feel overwhelming. An individual may feel stuck in unhealthy coping mechanisms. As a psychodynamic therapist, I know that individuals suffering from these difficutlies may exhibit similar symptoms, yet the underlying causality is unique to each individual. Revealing one's problem to a stranger can be difficult, I work with my clients to develop a safe environment where there is a mutual sense of authenticity, empathy, and trust. In collaboration with the client, we develop a treatment plan based on his/her individual needs and goals.
(917) 243-9116 View (917) 243-9116
Photo of Don Greif, Psychologist in Harlem, New York, NY
Don Greif
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10026
As a contemporary psychoanalytic therapist, I try to establish a relationship in which people are able to talk about things that may have been hard to talk about with others and in which unexpected feelings, thoughts, memories, and experiences are able to emerge.
I like working with people who want to know themselves better and are open to looking at their lives in a way they may not have done before. Most people seek psychological help because they want relief from pain and to feel more satisfied in their relationships, work, and with themselves. However, when they engage in examining their lives, things can take surprising turns that not only helps them achieve their goals but often results in redefining what they want in life.
As a contemporary psychoanalytic therapist, I try to establish a relationship in which people are able to talk about things that may have been hard to talk about with others and in which unexpected feelings, thoughts, memories, and experiences are able to emerge.
I like working with people who want to know themselves better and are open to looking at their lives in a way they may not have done before. Most people seek psychological help because they want relief from pain and to feel more satisfied in their relationships, work, and with themselves. However, when they engage in examining their lives, things can take surprising turns that not only helps them achieve their goals but often results in redefining what they want in life.
(646) 374-1932 View (646) 374-1932
Photo of Susan MacNeil, Counselor in Harlem, New York, NY
Susan MacNeil
Counselor, PhD, NCC, BCC
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10026
" My specialities include: Relationship Therapy (Couples),Trauma Therapy (Attachment Focused EMDR), Spirituality Counseling & Crisis, Artists' Issues, Meditation, Group Therapy, Stress Management, Loss and Bereavement, and Life Coaching (Board Certified Coach/BCC).
"PSYCHOLOGY WITH A SOUL" Are you seeking change, are you in crisis, does your life seem to be falling apart? I can help you ease the suffering that exists. I work through issues by understanding Relationship: with the self, your family, love relationships, friends and colleagues, and how to sustain them. Another major transitional life issue is finding your purpose and creating a vision of the future, which are the keynotes to happiness. I am informed by a number of techniques: Attachment Focused EMDR. positive, psychodynamic, relational and transpersonal psychology; however, "love in action" is the focal point of the work.
" My specialities include: Relationship Therapy (Couples),Trauma Therapy (Attachment Focused EMDR), Spirituality Counseling & Crisis, Artists' Issues, Meditation, Group Therapy, Stress Management, Loss and Bereavement, and Life Coaching (Board Certified Coach/BCC).
"PSYCHOLOGY WITH A SOUL" Are you seeking change, are you in crisis, does your life seem to be falling apart? I can help you ease the suffering that exists. I work through issues by understanding Relationship: with the self, your family, love relationships, friends and colleagues, and how to sustain them. Another major transitional life issue is finding your purpose and creating a vision of the future, which are the keynotes to happiness. I am informed by a number of techniques: Attachment Focused EMDR. positive, psychodynamic, relational and transpersonal psychology; however, "love in action" is the focal point of the work.
(646) 681-5608 View (646) 681-5608
Photo of Steven Robert Howard, Psychologist in Harlem, New York, NY
Steven Robert Howard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Harlem, New York, NY 10026
I have over 35 years of experience treating self esteem, intimacy/relationship issues, anxiety, depression, sexual identity conflicts and stuttering. I work extensively with individual, couples, families and adolescents. Change or relief from symptoms occurs only when the patient feels a complete sense of trust and safety in their relationship with his/her therapist. I utilize a highly interactive, integrated approach of psychodynamic and cognitive therapy in a comfortable therapeutic setting to facilitate that sense of support and trust in a direct/honest relationship.
I have over 35 years of experience treating self esteem, intimacy/relationship issues, anxiety, depression, sexual identity conflicts and stuttering. I work extensively with individual, couples, families and adolescents. Change or relief from symptoms occurs only when the patient feels a complete sense of trust and safety in their relationship with his/her therapist. I utilize a highly interactive, integrated approach of psychodynamic and cognitive therapy in a comfortable therapeutic setting to facilitate that sense of support and trust in a direct/honest relationship.
(646) 351-1731 View (646) 351-1731

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Relationship Issues Therapists
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.