Therapists in San Diego, CA

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Photo of Amanda Cross, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Amanda Cross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Life and all of its stages are filled with change. At times those changes are welcomed, and other times they are unexpected, feel burdensome, and create worry. I will listen and will focus on understanding your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to empower you to develop a deeper understanding of yourself, set goals based on your values, and feel relief. As a clinical social worker, I focus on the whole person in their environment. I have developed a nurturing, inclusive, person-centered approach that values each individual’s unique situation and decision making process, and look forward to connecting with you.
Life and all of its stages are filled with change. At times those changes are welcomed, and other times they are unexpected, feel burdensome, and create worry. I will listen and will focus on understanding your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to empower you to develop a deeper understanding of yourself, set goals based on your values, and feel relief. As a clinical social worker, I focus on the whole person in their environment. I have developed a nurturing, inclusive, person-centered approach that values each individual’s unique situation and decision making process, and look forward to connecting with you.
(619) 350-4543 View (619) 350-4543
Photo of Ryan Buchmann, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Ryan Buchmann
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CADC-II
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Suffering can be emotional pain, physical pain, pain caused by love, death, or even loss. Sometimes our suffering can be more than we can bear and we need help to understand the source of our pain and acceptance of it. Very often we are unaware of the thoughts that cause us pain. By becoming aware of the thoughts behind suffering, you can change the thoughts and promote peace. In other words, you can condition yourself to believe and behave differently and eventually suffering diminishes.
Suffering can be emotional pain, physical pain, pain caused by love, death, or even loss. Sometimes our suffering can be more than we can bear and we need help to understand the source of our pain and acceptance of it. Very often we are unaware of the thoughts that cause us pain. By becoming aware of the thoughts behind suffering, you can change the thoughts and promote peace. In other words, you can condition yourself to believe and behave differently and eventually suffering diminishes.
(442) 244-2743 View (442) 244-2743
Photo of Victoria Osteen, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Victoria Osteen, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92104  (Online Only)
I'm a therapist who specializes in supporting parents. My goal is to help parents find more joy, confidence, and ease during these years. Parents are asked to do truly heroic work, usually with minimal training, support or breaks. I create space to work through complex emotions, explore new perspectives, and build essential strategies.
I'm a therapist who specializes in supporting parents. My goal is to help parents find more joy, confidence, and ease during these years. Parents are asked to do truly heroic work, usually with minimal training, support or breaks. I create space to work through complex emotions, explore new perspectives, and build essential strategies.
(619) 332-4578 View (619) 332-4578
Photo of Eunice A Palacios Ramírez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Eunice A Palacios Ramírez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
I specialize in working with couples who are in conflict, who are in emotional pain and need help. I work with couples who are considering divorce but are not sure about separating. I help couples who keep having the same argument over and over and who get angry with each other often. I also have experience with couples where there has been infidelity and are in crisis. I also work with couples who want to prepare themselves for big transitions such as having kids, moving together, etc. I work with heterosexual couples and also have worked with many queer couples and interracial couples.
I specialize in working with couples who are in conflict, who are in emotional pain and need help. I work with couples who are considering divorce but are not sure about separating. I help couples who keep having the same argument over and over and who get angry with each other often. I also have experience with couples where there has been infidelity and are in crisis. I also work with couples who want to prepare themselves for big transitions such as having kids, moving together, etc. I work with heterosexual couples and also have worked with many queer couples and interracial couples.
(361) 209-7344 View (361) 209-7344
Photo of Help Therapy, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Help Therapy
Psychologist, PsyD, LCSW, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
Help Therapy boasts a network of more than 150 licensed clinical psychologists, LCSWs, LMFTs, and NPs, spanning over 100 specialties and treatment areas. By completing an intake form on HelpTherapy.com, you'll be paired with a therapist tailored to your specific treatment requirements, insurance coverage, and location preferences. You have the flexibility to choose how you'd like to connect with your therapist—whether in-person, online, or via phone.
Help Therapy boasts a network of more than 150 licensed clinical psychologists, LCSWs, LMFTs, and NPs, spanning over 100 specialties and treatment areas. By completing an intake form on HelpTherapy.com, you'll be paired with a therapist tailored to your specific treatment requirements, insurance coverage, and location preferences. You have the flexibility to choose how you'd like to connect with your therapist—whether in-person, online, or via phone.
(858) 800-4095 View (858) 800-4095
Photo of Karly Bastrire, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Karly Bastrire
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92127
Karly Bastrire is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2020. Karly provides evidence-based treatment services to children, adolescents, and adults with a wide range of challenges such as mood disorders (e. g. anxiety, depression), trauma, behavioral issues, personality disorders, and help transitioning through different stages of life. Karly is passionate about utilizing an integrated approach and providing individualized treatment to each patient that allows them to develop coping skills and the personal insight needed to improve their overall functioning and expand their quality of life.
Karly Bastrire is a Psychologist in California who has been practicing since 2020. Karly provides evidence-based treatment services to children, adolescents, and adults with a wide range of challenges such as mood disorders (e. g. anxiety, depression), trauma, behavioral issues, personality disorders, and help transitioning through different stages of life. Karly is passionate about utilizing an integrated approach and providing individualized treatment to each patient that allows them to develop coping skills and the personal insight needed to improve their overall functioning and expand their quality of life.
(858) 753-4152 View (858) 753-4152
Photo of Lauren Thibodeau, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Lauren Thibodeau
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92128
Lauren treats adults, couples, families, and adolescents, and is especially passionate in providing resources and care to the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities. She works with various clients, and while trained in a range of treatment types, she strives to tailor her therapeutic approach to each person and their unique, individual needs.
Lauren treats adults, couples, families, and adolescents, and is especially passionate in providing resources and care to the LGBTQIA+ and BIPOC communities. She works with various clients, and while trained in a range of treatment types, she strives to tailor her therapeutic approach to each person and their unique, individual needs.
(657) 214-7701 View (657) 214-7701
Photo of Kim C Roser-Kedward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Kim C Roser-Kedward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103  (Online Only)
Why seek help? Maybe the better question is: Why continue to suffer? If you were suffering less, what would you be doing differently in your life? For better or worse, changes in our mental health impact how we function in our relationships with friends, family, co-workers, significant others and our ability to function effectively socially, in work or school. When under too much stress, we may communicate in ways that we later regret. When our relationships suffer, then we may suffer more. Therapy can help make meaningful improvements in all of these areas. Are you ready to get to work?
Why seek help? Maybe the better question is: Why continue to suffer? If you were suffering less, what would you be doing differently in your life? For better or worse, changes in our mental health impact how we function in our relationships with friends, family, co-workers, significant others and our ability to function effectively socially, in work or school. When under too much stress, we may communicate in ways that we later regret. When our relationships suffer, then we may suffer more. Therapy can help make meaningful improvements in all of these areas. Are you ready to get to work?
(619) 377-8896 View (619) 377-8896
Photo of Alyssia Cruz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Alyssia Cruz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92117  (Online Only)
My passion is supporting people to overcome the anxiousness that keeps them stuck. My style is very relational, which means I believe our connection in therapy is what matters most. Therapy can be uncomfortable and push us to be vulnerable, so it is important to build trust before we dig deeper. The value of our work together is you get CLARITY about who you are, what you want, and how to get there. Often times our traumas or anxieties keep us stuck living in patterns we don't know how to shake. Let's sort it out together and get you on a path that lets you enjoy life.
My passion is supporting people to overcome the anxiousness that keeps them stuck. My style is very relational, which means I believe our connection in therapy is what matters most. Therapy can be uncomfortable and push us to be vulnerable, so it is important to build trust before we dig deeper. The value of our work together is you get CLARITY about who you are, what you want, and how to get there. Often times our traumas or anxieties keep us stuck living in patterns we don't know how to shake. Let's sort it out together and get you on a path that lets you enjoy life.
(858) 434-7737 View (858) 434-7737
Photo of Aimee Vadnais, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Aimee Vadnais
Psychologist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92127
Stop and envision what your best self, relationship, job, life look like. Are you currently where you want to be? If not, what is standing in your way? Is it fear? Lack of time? Feel stuck? Don’t know where to start? Change can be hard and scary. But better days are ahead and I want to help you get there. You are not alone on this journey. If you are ready to get started in LIVING the life you envision for yourself, let’s get started. Call me today for a free consultation.
Stop and envision what your best self, relationship, job, life look like. Are you currently where you want to be? If not, what is standing in your way? Is it fear? Lack of time? Feel stuck? Don’t know where to start? Change can be hard and scary. But better days are ahead and I want to help you get there. You are not alone on this journey. If you are ready to get started in LIVING the life you envision for yourself, let’s get started. Call me today for a free consultation.
(619) 330-8237 View (619) 330-8237
Photo of Jennifer L McMains, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Jennifer L McMains
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92131  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If your relationships or life circumstances have you feeling stuck, anxious, or depressed, I can help you by providing a safe environment and some guided exploration of your strengths, options, challenges, and needs. I'm very good at helping you determine what is under your power to change and what is something to accept, grieve, and learn to live with. Whether it's a failing relationship, children with disability, or your adolescent has pushed you to the end of your rope, I bring hope, humor and comfort as I walk along side you as you find solutions, peace, and direction.
If your relationships or life circumstances have you feeling stuck, anxious, or depressed, I can help you by providing a safe environment and some guided exploration of your strengths, options, challenges, and needs. I'm very good at helping you determine what is under your power to change and what is something to accept, grieve, and learn to live with. Whether it's a failing relationship, children with disability, or your adolescent has pushed you to the end of your rope, I bring hope, humor and comfort as I walk along side you as you find solutions, peace, and direction.
(619) 377-0980 View (619) 377-0980
Photo of John Bowen, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
John Bowen
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
I am a spiritually-oriented Jungian therapist. I believe we are all here for a reason, part of which is to thrive and help others thrive as well. I would love to help you heal and achieve your life’s purpose. You have been just surviving for too long; it’s time to start thriving.
I am a spiritually-oriented Jungian therapist. I believe we are all here for a reason, part of which is to thrive and help others thrive as well. I would love to help you heal and achieve your life’s purpose. You have been just surviving for too long; it’s time to start thriving.
(619) 913-7425 View (619) 913-7425
Photo of Kevin M Ramotar, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Kevin M Ramotar
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92121
Welcome! I take a lifespan developmental approach with my clients, particularly through promoting self-compassion, encouraging the discovery of personal resilience, and helping work through challenges on the pathways of life. My integrative approach is primarily informed by helping the development of insight and accumulation of practical skills for symptom reduction that takes into account the cultural and familial context of your life. Additionally, I also focus my practice on providing psychological assessment/testing for ADHD and learning disabilities, as well as personality and cognitive functioning. I hold weekend appointment slots for immigration evaluations for those seeking hardship waivers.
Welcome! I take a lifespan developmental approach with my clients, particularly through promoting self-compassion, encouraging the discovery of personal resilience, and helping work through challenges on the pathways of life. My integrative approach is primarily informed by helping the development of insight and accumulation of practical skills for symptom reduction that takes into account the cultural and familial context of your life. Additionally, I also focus my practice on providing psychological assessment/testing for ADHD and learning disabilities, as well as personality and cognitive functioning. I hold weekend appointment slots for immigration evaluations for those seeking hardship waivers.
(661) 454-5197 View (661) 454-5197
Photo of Scott Altamirano, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Scott Altamirano
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
Accepting clients Apr 2024. I help gay men - from the newly gay to the seasoned queen - navigate and understand topics related to dating monogamously, polyamory, sexual anxiety, fetishes, understanding Grindr, Sniffies, and bathhouses, drugs/alcohol/food/sex as coping, body insecurities, masculinity, developing self esteem, hobbies, and the most importantly - the friends we made along the way.
Accepting clients Apr 2024. I help gay men - from the newly gay to the seasoned queen - navigate and understand topics related to dating monogamously, polyamory, sexual anxiety, fetishes, understanding Grindr, Sniffies, and bathhouses, drugs/alcohol/food/sex as coping, body insecurities, masculinity, developing self esteem, hobbies, and the most importantly - the friends we made along the way.
(707) 505-8736 View (707) 505-8736
Photo of Audrey Trottier, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Audrey Trottier
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121  (Online Only)
Curiosity can lead to deeper connection with ourselves and in our relationships. My goal in therapy is to offer the time and safety to explore, be curious, and make meaningful change. I believe that there is strength in being intentionally aware and curious about your challenges, your achievements, and the invisible things that guide your actions and thoughts. I also believe that acceptance and staying present are superpowers that are within our reach! I want to know about you, what unique challenges you are facing and what ideals you aspire to.
Curiosity can lead to deeper connection with ourselves and in our relationships. My goal in therapy is to offer the time and safety to explore, be curious, and make meaningful change. I believe that there is strength in being intentionally aware and curious about your challenges, your achievements, and the invisible things that guide your actions and thoughts. I also believe that acceptance and staying present are superpowers that are within our reach! I want to know about you, what unique challenges you are facing and what ideals you aspire to.
(858) 251-7128 View (858) 251-7128
Photo of Rafael Cortina, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Rafael Cortina
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MBA
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92122
I am a bilingual Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has worked in both Mexico and the United States. I have over 20 years of experience in individual, couples, family and group therapy. I believe I am personally warm, understanding, emphatic, patient, caring, and compassionate with clients. And feel strongly that the nature of human beings tends toward growth and harmony. Along the way, the natural ability to self-regulate may unfortunately be interrupted. However, through the path of self-awareness, and self-responsibility we are able to restore our natural abilities and utilize our full potential, and live healthy life.
I am a bilingual Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has worked in both Mexico and the United States. I have over 20 years of experience in individual, couples, family and group therapy. I believe I am personally warm, understanding, emphatic, patient, caring, and compassionate with clients. And feel strongly that the nature of human beings tends toward growth and harmony. Along the way, the natural ability to self-regulate may unfortunately be interrupted. However, through the path of self-awareness, and self-responsibility we are able to restore our natural abilities and utilize our full potential, and live healthy life.
(619) 870-1263 View (619) 870-1263
Photo of Michael John Hagan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Michael John Hagan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, SUDCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92102
Being addicted to alcohol or drugs is like being in a dark pit where you do not know what is up and what is down. It is cold and lonely, and you can feel hopeless about finding any escape. Being the family member of a loved one who is struggling with addiction is scary and can leave you sad and in a constant state of uncertainty. You are always asking yourself why is your loved one pushing aside the life ring you toss out and grabbing the anchor of drugs and alcohol over and over and over again. You see they are drowning and feel you cannot save them. Addiction is insidious, but there are paths to recovery.
Being addicted to alcohol or drugs is like being in a dark pit where you do not know what is up and what is down. It is cold and lonely, and you can feel hopeless about finding any escape. Being the family member of a loved one who is struggling with addiction is scary and can leave you sad and in a constant state of uncertainty. You are always asking yourself why is your loved one pushing aside the life ring you toss out and grabbing the anchor of drugs and alcohol over and over and over again. You see they are drowning and feel you cannot save them. Addiction is insidious, but there are paths to recovery.
(619) 932-4581 View (619) 932-4581
Photo of Janet Choung, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Janet Choung
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92111
"Life is difficult. . . a series of problems." Scott Peck wrote in Roadless Traveled. I can't describe it any better, but there are so many possibilities, changes that can happen when you take a step of courage. Therapy is a good way for some self reflection, to face the challenges, accept it and be at a better place. I believe that challenges are opportunities, for growth and strength; you can't do this alone, social psychology says. Let me help, to provide a safe place for connection and empathy to take that step, explore what may be holding you down and how you can be free and to live the best that you can be.
"Life is difficult. . . a series of problems." Scott Peck wrote in Roadless Traveled. I can't describe it any better, but there are so many possibilities, changes that can happen when you take a step of courage. Therapy is a good way for some self reflection, to face the challenges, accept it and be at a better place. I believe that challenges are opportunities, for growth and strength; you can't do this alone, social psychology says. Let me help, to provide a safe place for connection and empathy to take that step, explore what may be holding you down and how you can be free and to live the best that you can be.
(858) 345-4214 View (858) 345-4214
Photo of Meg Semler, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Meg Semler
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92110
I help couples and individuals explore how our past experiences influence our current behaviors and relationships. I believe that a deeper understanding of the connection between past and present builds compassion for ourselves and our partners, gives us greater insight into our relational patterns, and fosters self-awareness and change. I use a trauma-informed, attachment-based approach to help couples rebuild intimacy, connection, and trust, and to help individuals heal past traumas and work to meet personal and relational goals.
I help couples and individuals explore how our past experiences influence our current behaviors and relationships. I believe that a deeper understanding of the connection between past and present builds compassion for ourselves and our partners, gives us greater insight into our relational patterns, and fosters self-awareness and change. I use a trauma-informed, attachment-based approach to help couples rebuild intimacy, connection, and trust, and to help individuals heal past traumas and work to meet personal and relational goals.
(619) 268-8266 View (619) 268-8266
Photo of Hudson Jones, Psychological Associate in San Diego, CA
Hudson Jones
Psychological Associate, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121
At the Center for Men’s Excellence, Dr. Jones provides therapy to adults, couples, and teens aged 13 and up. He also offers group therapy with men. Common areas of concern for Dr. Jones’ patients include stress and anxiety, relationship difficulties, work-life balance, reproductive/perinatal mental health, teen development, and depression. His background as a musician along with his extensive travel and dedication to cultural and spiritual exploration all inform his perspective as well as his intuitive attunement with his clients.
At the Center for Men’s Excellence, Dr. Jones provides therapy to adults, couples, and teens aged 13 and up. He also offers group therapy with men. Common areas of concern for Dr. Jones’ patients include stress and anxiety, relationship difficulties, work-life balance, reproductive/perinatal mental health, teen development, and depression. His background as a musician along with his extensive travel and dedication to cultural and spiritual exploration all inform his perspective as well as his intuitive attunement with his clients.
(858) 544-1116 View (858) 544-1116

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
71% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.