Photo of Maria Miller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Maria Miller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95864  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or out of control? I offer effective and compassionate psychotherapy services to adults, teens, children, and families. I specialize in treating eating disorders, anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationship issues. You'll find me to be a compassionate listener, working with you to help you achieve the changes you would like to see in your life. Together we will identify and develop your strengths and interests so you can achieve your goals. I offer a safe place for you to talk about your fears and worries, body image and self-esteem struggles, relationship challenges, career and life transitions.
Feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or out of control? I offer effective and compassionate psychotherapy services to adults, teens, children, and families. I specialize in treating eating disorders, anxiety, depression, life transitions, and relationship issues. You'll find me to be a compassionate listener, working with you to help you achieve the changes you would like to see in your life. Together we will identify and develop your strengths and interests so you can achieve your goals. I offer a safe place for you to talk about your fears and worries, body image and self-esteem struggles, relationship challenges, career and life transitions.
(925) 259-3365 View (925) 259-3365
Photo of Sheetal Shah, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Sheetal Shah
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Together we will focus on symptom reduction and meaning making, in the context of a strong therapeutic relationship where you feel safe to be vulnerable.
My hope is that you leave therapy with a new sense of vitality, feeling empowered with a sense of congruency. I want you have an increased awareness and understanding about yourself and feel more interpersonally connected. I will strive to know who you are and how you see the world while we collaborate and work toward healing. We will focus on your emotional experience, honor your multiple identities, be in the moment, learn new skills, and help you "sit in the struggle." Therapy is a brave endeavor, and I will do my best to support this journey.
Together we will focus on symptom reduction and meaning making, in the context of a strong therapeutic relationship where you feel safe to be vulnerable.
My hope is that you leave therapy with a new sense of vitality, feeling empowered with a sense of congruency. I want you have an increased awareness and understanding about yourself and feel more interpersonally connected. I will strive to know who you are and how you see the world while we collaborate and work toward healing. We will focus on your emotional experience, honor your multiple identities, be in the moment, learn new skills, and help you "sit in the struggle." Therapy is a brave endeavor, and I will do my best to support this journey.
(916) 526-3253 View (916) 526-3253
Photo of Jennifer A Norstrom, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Jennifer A Norstrom
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95817
Through trauma-recovery therapy and relationship coaching, I will be there to guide you in clearing unseen obstacles in your path.
Do you long for safe, intimate connections? Let me be your coach and guide. Your healing journey can begin today. I help women and couples clear hurts from the past that interfere with building safe, loving relationships. Through relationship counseling, EMDR, and IFS/Parts work therapy, I help both women and couples to heal from early relational trauma and painful intimacy experiences, and teach them how to develop loving and satisfying relationships today.
Through trauma-recovery therapy and relationship coaching, I will be there to guide you in clearing unseen obstacles in your path.
Do you long for safe, intimate connections? Let me be your coach and guide. Your healing journey can begin today. I help women and couples clear hurts from the past that interfere with building safe, loving relationships. Through relationship counseling, EMDR, and IFS/Parts work therapy, I help both women and couples to heal from early relational trauma and painful intimacy experiences, and teach them how to develop loving and satisfying relationships today.
(415) 980-4579 View (415) 980-4579
Photo of Christhmus (Christopher Chu) Presence, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Christhmus (Christopher Chu) Presence
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95819  (Online Only)
This highlights my connection to relationship, words, land, embodiment, and even Winter Solstice.
Offering CA-based Telehealth ideal for BIPOC: Black, Indigenous, &/or People of Color, including white-passing & mixed-race BIPOC. Also welcoming Families & Partnerships with 1 or more BIPOC in regular attendance. I offer Xychotherapy: psychotherapy that recognizes therapeutic experiences existed long before psychotherapy was invented, and incorporates psychotherapy into global therapeutic wisdoms and practices.
This highlights my connection to relationship, words, land, embodiment, and even Winter Solstice.
Offering CA-based Telehealth ideal for BIPOC: Black, Indigenous, &/or People of Color, including white-passing & mixed-race BIPOC. Also welcoming Families & Partnerships with 1 or more BIPOC in regular attendance. I offer Xychotherapy: psychotherapy that recognizes therapeutic experiences existed long before psychotherapy was invented, and incorporates psychotherapy into global therapeutic wisdoms and practices.
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Photo of Dominic Potnuru, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Sacramento, CA
Dominic Potnuru
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, AMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
I specialized in treating couples, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues and substance use.
Hello, good to see you on Psychology Today, I appreciate you visited our web page. My legal name is Chandra Sekhar Potnuru, but everyone calls me Dominic. I was born in India, a nation renowned for the variety of its cultures and I grew up with a younger brother, two younger sisters, and a faith that is diverse in terms of religion. I have three bachelor's degrees in English literature, philosophy, and theology; two master's degrees in Counseling Psychology, Marriage & Family Therapy; and I am currently pursuing a doctorate in psychology in marriage and family therapy. Four units of clinical pastoral education and NACC certification
I specialized in treating couples, anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues and substance use.
Hello, good to see you on Psychology Today, I appreciate you visited our web page. My legal name is Chandra Sekhar Potnuru, but everyone calls me Dominic. I was born in India, a nation renowned for the variety of its cultures and I grew up with a younger brother, two younger sisters, and a faith that is diverse in terms of religion. I have three bachelor's degrees in English literature, philosophy, and theology; two master's degrees in Counseling Psychology, Marriage & Family Therapy; and I am currently pursuing a doctorate in psychology in marriage and family therapy. Four units of clinical pastoral education and NACC certification
(916) 520-1187 View (916) 520-1187
Photo of Nisha Kagal Jastrzembski, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Nisha Kagal Jastrzembski
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95818  (Online Only)
Do you often feel weighed down by feelings of anxiety or despair? Do you find that your inner world tends to have a harsh or critical tone to it? Are you in the midst of a transition and having difficulty coping? Or are you on the path to finding a deeper sense of identity, purpose, and fulfillment in life? My expertise lies in working with individuals experiencing difficulties resulting from anxiety, depression, cultural challenges, low self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and trauma. Together, I will work with you to create a more meaningful and fulfilling life.
Do you often feel weighed down by feelings of anxiety or despair? Do you find that your inner world tends to have a harsh or critical tone to it? Are you in the midst of a transition and having difficulty coping? Or are you on the path to finding a deeper sense of identity, purpose, and fulfillment in life? My expertise lies in working with individuals experiencing difficulties resulting from anxiety, depression, cultural challenges, low self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and trauma. Together, I will work with you to create a more meaningful and fulfilling life.
(279) 888-9735 View (279) 888-9735
Photo of Janani Venkateswaran, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Janani Venkateswaran
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
Are you feeling overwhelmed with all that you have to do? Are you struggling to maintain your relationships? Does a balanced life seem like a far fetched dream? As someone who has had to balance multiple cultures, I know what it can feel like to straddle more than one. I want to help you find your balance between the "two worlds" of what is important to you and your family without taking away from who you are. I will work with you to tap into your inner voice, channel your strengths and become the most fulfilling version of yourself. I also provide Immigration evaluations for VAWA, Extreme Hardship, Asylum and U Visa
Are you feeling overwhelmed with all that you have to do? Are you struggling to maintain your relationships? Does a balanced life seem like a far fetched dream? As someone who has had to balance multiple cultures, I know what it can feel like to straddle more than one. I want to help you find your balance between the "two worlds" of what is important to you and your family without taking away from who you are. I will work with you to tap into your inner voice, channel your strengths and become the most fulfilling version of yourself. I also provide Immigration evaluations for VAWA, Extreme Hardship, Asylum and U Visa
(916) 237-9366 View (916) 237-9366
Photo of Rahul Ragu, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rahul Ragu
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
I work with clients who have social anxiety, shyness, and feel awkward and out of place. They want to feel better about themselves and their circumstances. They may have been through a difficult childhood and trauma and abuse. They are motivated to get better and want to speak to someone who is nonjudgmental and compassionate. Clients have opened up to me about their deepest traumas and secrets that they have not shared with anyone else. I feel honored to be part of my client's journey and help them to find solutions. I have a strong client centered approach blended with a CBT intervention based approach.
I work with clients who have social anxiety, shyness, and feel awkward and out of place. They want to feel better about themselves and their circumstances. They may have been through a difficult childhood and trauma and abuse. They are motivated to get better and want to speak to someone who is nonjudgmental and compassionate. Clients have opened up to me about their deepest traumas and secrets that they have not shared with anyone else. I feel honored to be part of my client's journey and help them to find solutions. I have a strong client centered approach blended with a CBT intervention based approach.
(916) 304-7674 View (916) 304-7674
Photo of Jasmeen Kairam, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Jasmeen Kairam
Pre-Licensed Professional, AMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
I have a strong interest in working with individuals who have faced trauma, especially sexual trauma, to help them rediscover their voice and feel heard. As well as, couples who are struggling with connection, infidelity and more. I acknowledge that every individual is unique and has their own story. As someone who identifies as South Asian, I understand being at the crossroads of societal pressures while trying to balance multiple expectations with various cultural considerations and the stigma that may come around mental health.
I have a strong interest in working with individuals who have faced trauma, especially sexual trauma, to help them rediscover their voice and feel heard. As well as, couples who are struggling with connection, infidelity and more. I acknowledge that every individual is unique and has their own story. As someone who identifies as South Asian, I understand being at the crossroads of societal pressures while trying to balance multiple expectations with various cultural considerations and the stigma that may come around mental health.
(916) 586-7019 View (916) 586-7019
Photo of Bridges Therapy Group of CA, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Bridges Therapy Group of CA
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LCSW, AMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95819  (Online Only)
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
At Bridges Therapy Group of California, we’re dedicated to matching you with the perfect therapist for you and ensuring that your insurance will truly pay for your sessions. We are contracted, in-network providers with all the insurers listed below. We verify your benefits before you start so there are no surprises to you.
(530) 451-0643 View (530) 451-0643
Photo of Amisha Mehtani - California Anxiety Relief, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Amisha Mehtani - California Anxiety Relief
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
My name is Amisha, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I enjoy helping individuals, couples, and families find joy and meaning in their lives. I utilize evidence-based modalities that bring about change by providing tools clients can use to become their own therapist. My stance is deeply empathic and curious, leaning into what happened to you rather than what is wrong with you. My first session is 90 minutes such that I can really get to know you. I offer true 60-min & 75-min sessions thereafter. Emotional pain hurts just as deeply as physical pain. Your pain matters. You matter.
My name is Amisha, and I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I enjoy helping individuals, couples, and families find joy and meaning in their lives. I utilize evidence-based modalities that bring about change by providing tools clients can use to become their own therapist. My stance is deeply empathic and curious, leaning into what happened to you rather than what is wrong with you. My first session is 90 minutes such that I can really get to know you. I offer true 60-min & 75-min sessions thereafter. Emotional pain hurts just as deeply as physical pain. Your pain matters. You matter.
(510) 369-0383 View (510) 369-0383
Photo of Laura Van Waardenburg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Laura Van Waardenburg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95824
Laura M. Van Waardenburg, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. There is a way to feel better and get your life back. The key to making lasting improvements is to have a skilled, trained therapist help guide you with compassion. Depending on your needs I may support you with the use of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). I come from a humanistic, client-centered, and culturally sensitive approach to all my clients.
Laura M. Van Waardenburg, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. There is a way to feel better and get your life back. The key to making lasting improvements is to have a skilled, trained therapist help guide you with compassion. Depending on your needs I may support you with the use of Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR), Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). I come from a humanistic, client-centered, and culturally sensitive approach to all my clients.
(661) 667-4846 View (661) 667-4846
Photo of Meghana Tembe, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Meghana Tembe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95831
The wound is the place where the Light enters you.... Rumi. "Are you experiencing sadness, anxiety/fear, or chronic unhappiness"? "Feeling unloved or unvalued in your relationships"? I believe that our wounds, our suffering & challenges can be a profound catalyst for awakening, for learning to love more deeply and for healing & transformation. And it will be my privilege to assist you in your healing journey...to alleviate suffering, awaken the heart towards self-compassion/loving-kindness and shape the brain towards greater joy & happiness!
The wound is the place where the Light enters you.... Rumi. "Are you experiencing sadness, anxiety/fear, or chronic unhappiness"? "Feeling unloved or unvalued in your relationships"? I believe that our wounds, our suffering & challenges can be a profound catalyst for awakening, for learning to love more deeply and for healing & transformation. And it will be my privilege to assist you in your healing journey...to alleviate suffering, awaken the heart towards self-compassion/loving-kindness and shape the brain towards greater joy & happiness!
(916) 866-7530 View (916) 866-7530

Online Therapists

Photo of Shubha Shukla, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Shubha Shukla
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
San Carlos, CA 94070
Hello, I am a multilingual and multicultural therapist. Fluent in English, Hindi, Nepali, and Punjabi, I have over 12 years of experience working with diverse individuals, couples, and families both in India and the U.S. Throughout my career, I have helped clients overcome a range of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, academic pressures, relationship conflicts, family issues, and grief and loss. While I work with clients presenting a variety of issues, I have a particular interest in working with adults who are experiencing grief and loss, helping them understand life transitions and navigate through their emotions.
Hello, I am a multilingual and multicultural therapist. Fluent in English, Hindi, Nepali, and Punjabi, I have over 12 years of experience working with diverse individuals, couples, and families both in India and the U.S. Throughout my career, I have helped clients overcome a range of issues including trauma, anxiety, depression, academic pressures, relationship conflicts, family issues, and grief and loss. While I work with clients presenting a variety of issues, I have a particular interest in working with adults who are experiencing grief and loss, helping them understand life transitions and navigate through their emotions.
(650) 910-2557 View (650) 910-2557
Photo of Ajay Deven Dave, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ajay Deven Dave
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
I use my extensive somatic training to help my clients build more capacity to be with and understand their feelings so that they can be in charge of their lives instead of their feelings pushing them around. I help clients with issues ranging from social anxiety, relationship challenges, depression, sleep issues, chronic pain, navigating difficult family and work environments, finding and focusing on their passion in life, and dealing with the traumatic state of the world.
I use my extensive somatic training to help my clients build more capacity to be with and understand their feelings so that they can be in charge of their lives instead of their feelings pushing them around. I help clients with issues ranging from social anxiety, relationship challenges, depression, sleep issues, chronic pain, navigating difficult family and work environments, finding and focusing on their passion in life, and dealing with the traumatic state of the world.
(510) 255-5910 View (510) 255-5910
Photo of Kelly L Ravenel-Mueller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kelly L Ravenel-Mueller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, CBT
Verified Verified
Kensington, CA 94707
If you find yourself struggling in life to feel whole, happy, at ease with yourself and being in the world, or feel frustrated with a lack of intimacy in your relationships, I can help you. It is important when searching for a therapist that you feel an honest connection. I give a free 30-minute consultation to help you decide if working with me is a match. I have trained in trauma recovery, somatic work, psychodynamic, cognitive, mindfulness, bioenergetic analysis. My focus has been working with individuals around healing from PTSD, anxiety, eating disorders, bi-polar, and marital relationship issues.
If you find yourself struggling in life to feel whole, happy, at ease with yourself and being in the world, or feel frustrated with a lack of intimacy in your relationships, I can help you. It is important when searching for a therapist that you feel an honest connection. I give a free 30-minute consultation to help you decide if working with me is a match. I have trained in trauma recovery, somatic work, psychodynamic, cognitive, mindfulness, bioenergetic analysis. My focus has been working with individuals around healing from PTSD, anxiety, eating disorders, bi-polar, and marital relationship issues.
(510) 851-8869 View (510) 851-8869
Photo of Dr. Alisha Saxena, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Dr. Alisha Saxena
Psychologist, PsyD, MS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114  (Online Only)
I work with individuals and relationship partners to provide anti-oppressive, culturally-attuned, and identity-affirming therapy rooted in psychological research.
We all have moments of feeling isolated and “stuck.” This can stem from the difference between what your life looks like now and how you would like it to be. The stress of this disconnection can seep into all aspects of your world: socially withdrawing or getting into more arguments can lead to depression and relationship conflict. You might feel like what you do is never “good enough,” increasing anxiety. You might hide your stress by focusing on what you can control, particularly after traumatic events. Therapy can help bring back joy and spontaneity into your life, helping you feel more fulfilled and energized.
I work with individuals and relationship partners to provide anti-oppressive, culturally-attuned, and identity-affirming therapy rooted in psychological research.
We all have moments of feeling isolated and “stuck.” This can stem from the difference between what your life looks like now and how you would like it to be. The stress of this disconnection can seep into all aspects of your world: socially withdrawing or getting into more arguments can lead to depression and relationship conflict. You might feel like what you do is never “good enough,” increasing anxiety. You might hide your stress by focusing on what you can control, particularly after traumatic events. Therapy can help bring back joy and spontaneity into your life, helping you feel more fulfilled and energized.
(415) 449-9588 View (415) 449-9588
Photo of Sheela Joshi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Sheela Joshi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Mill Valley, CA 94941
That means I see a full spectrum of people from their teens to their 70s or 80s but most patients are experiencing some depression, anxiety, loss, conflict, life change, relationship conflicts and a longing to feel alive.
My objective is to make your life better now and into the future. Therapists helped me over the years, taught and inspired me to become one. I pivoted to my career as a therapist 16 years after earning a B.A. in Economics at University of Chicago. I earned my LCSW at Smith College. I'm a mother of two and a first-generation child of immigrants. In my practice I want you to make the most of your time with me. I work with a range of clients, from executives to college students. My office is tucked into hills and trees. Clients are from my town, Mill Valley, Sausalito, Kentfield, Tiburon, San Francisco and the South Bay. I Zoom too.
That means I see a full spectrum of people from their teens to their 70s or 80s but most patients are experiencing some depression, anxiety, loss, conflict, life change, relationship conflicts and a longing to feel alive.
My objective is to make your life better now and into the future. Therapists helped me over the years, taught and inspired me to become one. I pivoted to my career as a therapist 16 years after earning a B.A. in Economics at University of Chicago. I earned my LCSW at Smith College. I'm a mother of two and a first-generation child of immigrants. In my practice I want you to make the most of your time with me. I work with a range of clients, from executives to college students. My office is tucked into hills and trees. Clients are from my town, Mill Valley, Sausalito, Kentfield, Tiburon, San Francisco and the South Bay. I Zoom too.
(617) 275-3982 x617275 View (617) 275-3982 x617275
Photo of Maitri Joy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Maitri Joy
Marriage & Family Therapist, CHT, LMFT, CLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Rosa, CA 95409
This process I offer can move a painful relationship towards a fulfilled, loving and sacred union, through the teaching of presence, compassionate communication, & ecstatic energetic practice.
I offer couples & individuals opportunity to heal difficult communications, overwhelming emotions and painful trauma, I borrow practices from several spiritual traditions, Native American, Buddhist, & Hindu; integrating them with cutting-edge coaching, energetic training, and shamanic practices to offer you a profound approach to personal growth, emotional intimacy and spiritual development. I support couples in finding a joyous sacred intimacy through the healing of their emotional, physical and spiritual pain. For individuals, I guide you in the deep knowing of yourself for emotional, mental and spiritual growth and awakening.
This process I offer can move a painful relationship towards a fulfilled, loving and sacred union, through the teaching of presence, compassionate communication, & ecstatic energetic practice.
I offer couples & individuals opportunity to heal difficult communications, overwhelming emotions and painful trauma, I borrow practices from several spiritual traditions, Native American, Buddhist, & Hindu; integrating them with cutting-edge coaching, energetic training, and shamanic practices to offer you a profound approach to personal growth, emotional intimacy and spiritual development. I support couples in finding a joyous sacred intimacy through the healing of their emotional, physical and spiritual pain. For individuals, I guide you in the deep knowing of yourself for emotional, mental and spiritual growth and awakening.
(866) 756-0775 View (866) 756-0775
Photo of Ask Alison Leigh, PHD, MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ask Alison Leigh, PHD, MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94111  (Online Only)
The past 22 years I've seen an eclectic group of clientele: men, women & couples of any gender/orientation who want to improve their sexual lifestyle. I've helped men overcome ED through increasing their self confidence and women who want to feel more sexually in charge. I've seen over 25,000 couples throughout every stage of their relationship whether single, dating, married, or exploring and experimenting couples to ones who are curious how to stay together and keep the chemistry strong. My clients include stay at home moms, stressed out executives, artists, entrepreneurs & communities: LGBTQ, BDSM, & Transgender Families.
The past 22 years I've seen an eclectic group of clientele: men, women & couples of any gender/orientation who want to improve their sexual lifestyle. I've helped men overcome ED through increasing their self confidence and women who want to feel more sexually in charge. I've seen over 25,000 couples throughout every stage of their relationship whether single, dating, married, or exploring and experimenting couples to ones who are curious how to stay together and keep the chemistry strong. My clients include stay at home moms, stressed out executives, artists, entrepreneurs & communities: LGBTQ, BDSM, & Transgender Families.
(628) 226-1830 View (628) 226-1830
Relationship Issues Therapists
While need for human connection appears to be innate, the ability to form healthy, loving relationships is learned. Some evidence suggests that the ability to form a stable relationship starts to form in infancy, in a child's earliest experiences with a caregiver who reliably meets the infant's needs for food, care, warmth, protection, stimulation, and social contact. Such relationships are not destiny, but they are theorized to establish deeply ingrained patterns of relating to others. The end of a relationship, however, is often a source of great psychological anguish.