Therapists in Traverse City, MI

Photo of Elizabeth Marie Tekinski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Elizabeth Marie Tekinski
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, BC-TMH
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
WELCOME! I am so glad you are here. As a pain psychotherapist (etymologically, “psychotherapist” means an “attendant of the soul”), I begin with the conviction that transformation is only possible in the context of a safe and trusting relationship and that your highest Self already knows what it needs to heal. I also am of the Palliative Care Philosophy that “True Pain” consists of at least five dimensions: physical, psychological, emotional, social, and spiritual/existential.
WELCOME! I am so glad you are here. As a pain psychotherapist (etymologically, “psychotherapist” means an “attendant of the soul”), I begin with the conviction that transformation is only possible in the context of a safe and trusting relationship and that your highest Self already knows what it needs to heal. I also am of the Palliative Care Philosophy that “True Pain” consists of at least five dimensions: physical, psychological, emotional, social, and spiritual/existential.
(231) 715-5634 View (231) 715-5634
Photo of Paula Kilcherman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Paula Kilcherman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
I enjoy working with children, teens, adults, and their families. I offer individual, couples, and family therapy. Finding a good "fit" with a therapist can be challenging. I strive to quickly put clients at ease and provide a safe space where we can work together to identify your strengths and skills, process significant life events, communicate your feelings, develop positive coping strategies, and provide support. My passion is to help each client discover their unique strengths in addressing their concerns, no matter their age. If you are seeking services please contact me via email.
I enjoy working with children, teens, adults, and their families. I offer individual, couples, and family therapy. Finding a good "fit" with a therapist can be challenging. I strive to quickly put clients at ease and provide a safe space where we can work together to identify your strengths and skills, process significant life events, communicate your feelings, develop positive coping strategies, and provide support. My passion is to help each client discover their unique strengths in addressing their concerns, no matter their age. If you are seeking services please contact me via email.
(231) 444-4788 x700 View (231) 444-4788 x700
Photo of Traverse Health Clinic, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Traverse Health Clinic
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Waitlist for new clients
Traverse Health Clinic provides behavioral health services to adults and adolescents ages 12 and up, even if you haven't established primary care with one of our medical providers. Our behavioral health services are provided by licensed therapists who are trained and qualified to help patients experiencing life stressors or mental health issues. Therapists are able to assist individuals in learning constructive ways to handle problems that interfere with everyday life. Services are usually time-limited and focused on specific goals that you, the patient, have identified.
Traverse Health Clinic provides behavioral health services to adults and adolescents ages 12 and up, even if you haven't established primary care with one of our medical providers. Our behavioral health services are provided by licensed therapists who are trained and qualified to help patients experiencing life stressors or mental health issues. Therapists are able to assist individuals in learning constructive ways to handle problems that interfere with everyday life. Services are usually time-limited and focused on specific goals that you, the patient, have identified.
(231) 935-0799 View (231) 935-0799
Photo of EMWellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
EMWellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm Elizabeth. I have 20+ yrs of experience in mental health. I am highly effective working with individuals and couples, whether you are a young adult struggling with anxiety or a retiree adjusting to the next phase of life. I help couples navigate communication issues, parenting, infidelity. During our sessions, we will delve deeply into the issues at hand and collaborate to create a plan for addressing them in a way that helps you improve your quality of life, relationships and daily functioning. Most of my clients see a marked lifting of symptoms within the 1st month and progressive improvement thereafter.
Welcome! I'm Elizabeth. I have 20+ yrs of experience in mental health. I am highly effective working with individuals and couples, whether you are a young adult struggling with anxiety or a retiree adjusting to the next phase of life. I help couples navigate communication issues, parenting, infidelity. During our sessions, we will delve deeply into the issues at hand and collaborate to create a plan for addressing them in a way that helps you improve your quality of life, relationships and daily functioning. Most of my clients see a marked lifting of symptoms within the 1st month and progressive improvement thereafter.
(231) 202-4312 View (231) 202-4312
Photo of Lydia Bloem, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Lydia Bloem
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Has it been a while since you’ve felt like yourself? Does it seem like everyone else is moving forward while you’re stuck in place? Or maybe your life looks ideal from the outside, but inside you something feels off. You’ve been doing your best to act normal but it’s getting harder every day. You keep hoping that you’ll “snap out of it” but so far nothing has worked, and you’re starting to worry that you may never feel happy again. These experiences are more common than you may think, but that doesn't make them any less scary or difficult.
Has it been a while since you’ve felt like yourself? Does it seem like everyone else is moving forward while you’re stuck in place? Or maybe your life looks ideal from the outside, but inside you something feels off. You’ve been doing your best to act normal but it’s getting harder every day. You keep hoping that you’ll “snap out of it” but so far nothing has worked, and you’re starting to worry that you may never feel happy again. These experiences are more common than you may think, but that doesn't make them any less scary or difficult.
(231) 427-5778 View (231) 427-5778
Photo of Leelanau Life Counseling, PLLC, Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Leelanau Life Counseling, PLLC
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
I have a passion for helping others achieve the best version of themselves. Taking the first step to become a happier person can be a daunting task. I want to reassure you that you are not alone. We will work together to rebuild relationships, overcome anxieties, fears, and negative behaviors. I will strive to help you achieve the best version of yourself. Located in the heart of downtown Traverse City, MI.
I have a passion for helping others achieve the best version of themselves. Taking the first step to become a happier person can be a daunting task. I want to reassure you that you are not alone. We will work together to rebuild relationships, overcome anxieties, fears, and negative behaviors. I will strive to help you achieve the best version of yourself. Located in the heart of downtown Traverse City, MI.
(231) 225-4186 View (231) 225-4186
Photo of Lisa Lederer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Lisa Lederer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
Not accepting new clients
Life is difficult, transitions can be hard. Things can go along well and then you can find yourself uncertain about past, present and future. Uncertainty can bring about further emotional challenges, feelings of sadness, confusion, worry and possibly fear. Healing can be discovered within the self and having someone come along side providing safety and guidance can help the process. Experiences in life have a tendency to shape who we become, our thoughts and our beliefs. Some experiences unknowingly can close avenues of growth and potential. I believe in the importance of knowing, understanding and accepting self.
Life is difficult, transitions can be hard. Things can go along well and then you can find yourself uncertain about past, present and future. Uncertainty can bring about further emotional challenges, feelings of sadness, confusion, worry and possibly fear. Healing can be discovered within the self and having someone come along side providing safety and guidance can help the process. Experiences in life have a tendency to shape who we become, our thoughts and our beliefs. Some experiences unknowingly can close avenues of growth and potential. I believe in the importance of knowing, understanding and accepting self.
(231) 272-2641 View (231) 272-2641
Photo of Birchbark Counseling, Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Birchbark Counseling
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
Not accepting new clients
My practice focuses on solutions and teaching techniques for clients to help themselves. I work with teens, adults and seniors. I enjoy coaching parents. I have had experience in issues of bullying. I have done significant work in grief. I have been married for more than thirty years and together we have raised four children. My own life has helped me to counsel from a framework of wisdom gained from experience. I am using tele health to continue to connect with my clients during the COVID 19 crisis.
My practice focuses on solutions and teaching techniques for clients to help themselves. I work with teens, adults and seniors. I enjoy coaching parents. I have had experience in issues of bullying. I have done significant work in grief. I have been married for more than thirty years and together we have raised four children. My own life has helped me to counsel from a framework of wisdom gained from experience. I am using tele health to continue to connect with my clients during the COVID 19 crisis.
(231) 544-7233 View (231) 544-7233
Photo of Becca Sage Redmond, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Becca Sage Redmond
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49684
Waitlist for new clients
As a passionate and positive therapist, I will strive to meet you wherever you may be in your life journey. Using your unique story as our guide, we will work together to identify triggers, foster healthy coping skills, develop self-compassion, and heal trauma. I believe that safety and connection are essential for individuals to grow and heal, and I will strive to cultivate that type of environment for you and your loved ones.
As a passionate and positive therapist, I will strive to meet you wherever you may be in your life journey. Using your unique story as our guide, we will work together to identify triggers, foster healthy coping skills, develop self-compassion, and heal trauma. I believe that safety and connection are essential for individuals to grow and heal, and I will strive to cultivate that type of environment for you and your loved ones.
(231) 599-5987 x8 View (231) 599-5987 x8
Photo of Jerry Richardson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Traverse City, MI
Jerry Richardson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
This Therapist Has Immediate Availability! Counseling has been a passion of mine for many years and I would love to see what kind of help I can offer you. I work with clients through compassion, humor, and unconditional positive regard. Whether it’s through straightforward honesty or easing through difficult topics and allowing a gentle approach, I can provide a style of therapy that best fits you and your personality.
This Therapist Has Immediate Availability! Counseling has been a passion of mine for many years and I would love to see what kind of help I can offer you. I work with clients through compassion, humor, and unconditional positive regard. Whether it’s through straightforward honesty or easing through difficult topics and allowing a gentle approach, I can provide a style of therapy that best fits you and your personality.
(231) 403-0865 View (231) 403-0865
Photo of Hannah Olson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Hannah Olson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LLPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
My mission as a therapist is to help heal through relationships. I believe in a holistic approach to mental health and wellness while also prioritizing a person centered approach to counseling. As a trained school counselor, I have experience working with children in kindergarten through twelfth grade, in both independent and public school settings. I have taken this experience and passion for counseling and have created a practice that is focused on helping families on a deeper level.
My mission as a therapist is to help heal through relationships. I believe in a holistic approach to mental health and wellness while also prioritizing a person centered approach to counseling. As a trained school counselor, I have experience working with children in kindergarten through twelfth grade, in both independent and public school settings. I have taken this experience and passion for counseling and have created a practice that is focused on helping families on a deeper level.
(231) 261-2029 View (231) 261-2029
Photo of Bainbridge Center for Growth & Development, Licensed Professional Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Bainbridge Center for Growth & Development
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LLC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
You have been sitting with your thoughts and seem to recycle your memories. You are excellent at suppressing your hurt and stay busy with work and life as a distraction. You no longer connect with others the way you used to and keep friends and family at a distance. The Pandemic may have increased your anxiety and depression and you are uncertain where to begin. Your worry and fear come out as; anger, sadness and controlling behaviors, due to questioning your worth and self esteem. Will I ever feel truly happy? Will I feel truly loved? Will I find my life path and the career that makes my soul soar? Will I learn to forgive?
You have been sitting with your thoughts and seem to recycle your memories. You are excellent at suppressing your hurt and stay busy with work and life as a distraction. You no longer connect with others the way you used to and keep friends and family at a distance. The Pandemic may have increased your anxiety and depression and you are uncertain where to begin. Your worry and fear come out as; anger, sadness and controlling behaviors, due to questioning your worth and self esteem. Will I ever feel truly happy? Will I feel truly loved? Will I find my life path and the career that makes my soul soar? Will I learn to forgive?
(231) 674-1536 View (231) 674-1536
Photo of David A Prince, Counselor in Traverse City, MI
David A Prince
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
If you're looking for guidance through a challenging situation, you have a concern that has been on your mind and you would like to speak with a counselor or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I can help you through this process.
If you're looking for guidance through a challenging situation, you have a concern that has been on your mind and you would like to speak with a counselor or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I can help you through this process.
(231) 714-6505 View (231) 714-6505
Photo of Darcy Britten, Counselor in Traverse City, MI
Darcy Britten
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Not accepting new clients
I believe that all individuals have the wisdom, strength and resilience to bring about change. It is a privilege to help you develop coping skills and solutions to problems, and to be a partner with you in your healing from pain and trauma. My work is guided by Solution Focused Therapy and I use Brainspotting, a brain based psychotherapy modality, which allows access to the midbrain, where traumatic experiences are stored. I provide a safe place where you can build on strengths and heal emotional pain and anxiety, to lead a more satisfying life.
I believe that all individuals have the wisdom, strength and resilience to bring about change. It is a privilege to help you develop coping skills and solutions to problems, and to be a partner with you in your healing from pain and trauma. My work is guided by Solution Focused Therapy and I use Brainspotting, a brain based psychotherapy modality, which allows access to the midbrain, where traumatic experiences are stored. I provide a safe place where you can build on strengths and heal emotional pain and anxiety, to lead a more satisfying life.
(231) 225-4920 x106 View (231) 225-4920 x106
Photo of Elizabeth Kickert, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Elizabeth Kickert
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Hi, I am Elizabeth Kickert and I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker with over 15 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Before starting my own private practice, Willow Tree Counseling, I worked as a school social worker in the elementary, middle and high school settings. As a result of my time spent working with youth in the schools, I have a lot of experience in helping individuals over come issues with depression, anxiety, at-risk behaviors and suicidal ideation, anger management, school and home related behavior problems, self-worth, social skills and relationship problems.
Hi, I am Elizabeth Kickert and I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker with over 15 years of experience working with children, teens, and adults. Before starting my own private practice, Willow Tree Counseling, I worked as a school social worker in the elementary, middle and high school settings. As a result of my time spent working with youth in the schools, I have a lot of experience in helping individuals over come issues with depression, anxiety, at-risk behaviors and suicidal ideation, anger management, school and home related behavior problems, self-worth, social skills and relationship problems.
(231) 760-8819 View (231) 760-8819
Photo of Steven McCleary, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Steven McCleary
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ADS
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
Not accepting new clients
I practice Integrative Psychotherapy, which incorporates all aspects of the person in the change process. Many people who seek counseling do so as a result of experiencing a problem that they cannot resolve on their own. This creates difficulties in moods, behaviors, and relationships as that problem begins to drain their energy and attention. My goal is to assist you in re-connecting with a sense of balance, or integration, in your life.
I practice Integrative Psychotherapy, which incorporates all aspects of the person in the change process. Many people who seek counseling do so as a result of experiencing a problem that they cannot resolve on their own. This creates difficulties in moods, behaviors, and relationships as that problem begins to drain their energy and attention. My goal is to assist you in re-connecting with a sense of balance, or integration, in your life.
(231) 683-4796 View (231) 683-4796
Photo of Karen J Van Zuiden, Marriage & Family Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Karen J Van Zuiden
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Traverse City, MI 49686  (Online Only)
I am a strength based therapist. You are the author of your story. I consider it an honor to help people on their journeys and reframe what keeps people from being their best selves. It isn't about surviving, it is about thriving. I work with many different people from age 18 to 60. I have worked with first responders, people that work in the healthcare field, and other therapists. I also work with families facing crisis and/or illnesses. When working with teens and their families, understanding what is normal behavior and what isn't while supporting everyone has worked with many families.
I am a strength based therapist. You are the author of your story. I consider it an honor to help people on their journeys and reframe what keeps people from being their best selves. It isn't about surviving, it is about thriving. I work with many different people from age 18 to 60. I have worked with first responders, people that work in the healthcare field, and other therapists. I also work with families facing crisis and/or illnesses. When working with teens and their families, understanding what is normal behavior and what isn't while supporting everyone has worked with many families.
(231) 399-8820 View (231) 399-8820
Photo of Stephanie Diane Berger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Stephanie Diane Berger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, CCTP II
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49684
I enjoy working with all age groups across the lifespan on a variety of issues and life challenges, but my specialty is working with adolescents, young adults, and adult woman. Much of my career has been spent working with at-risk youth, as well as leading skills training groups for adolescents and adults. As a working, professional, mother of four, I also truly identify with and enjoy helping women create a sense of balance between work and family.
I enjoy working with all age groups across the lifespan on a variety of issues and life challenges, but my specialty is working with adolescents, young adults, and adult woman. Much of my career has been spent working with at-risk youth, as well as leading skills training groups for adolescents and adults. As a working, professional, mother of four, I also truly identify with and enjoy helping women create a sense of balance between work and family.
(231) 714-6212 x701 View (231) 714-6212 x701
Photo of Trisha A Novak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Traverse City, MI
Trisha A Novak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Embarking on counseling takes courage as you take proactive steps towards change. Courage to recognize your life isn’t the way you want it and that it can be different, that you can feel different. Life presents us with challenges, and at times, we all need help in navigating them. Whether it’s coping with a loss of dream, managing anxiety, processing grief, or facing feelings of overwhelm or burnout, seeking help is a valuable step. When challenges accumulate, support can be crucial to navigate complex relationships, disappointments, and address mental health issues through building resilience and cultivating self-awareness.
Embarking on counseling takes courage as you take proactive steps towards change. Courage to recognize your life isn’t the way you want it and that it can be different, that you can feel different. Life presents us with challenges, and at times, we all need help in navigating them. Whether it’s coping with a loss of dream, managing anxiety, processing grief, or facing feelings of overwhelm or burnout, seeking help is a valuable step. When challenges accumulate, support can be crucial to navigate complex relationships, disappointments, and address mental health issues through building resilience and cultivating self-awareness.
(231) 535-9161 View (231) 535-9161
Photo of April Missias, Pre-Licensed Professional in Traverse City, MI
April Missias
Pre-Licensed Professional, LLC
Verified Verified
Traverse City, MI 49686
Are you or a loved one navigating overwhelming changes, grief, and painful losses? Life transitions—large and small—impact our daily lives and can leave us with sometimes conflicting feelings like anger, guilt, anxiety, sadness, inadequacy, and uncertainty that prohibit us from being our true selves and may even create barriers in our relationships. As your counselor, I have experience working with individuals who are grieving the loss of loved ones ranging from miscarriage, child loss, partner, and animal companions, and the challenges accompanying caring for a parent or loved one until their passing.
Are you or a loved one navigating overwhelming changes, grief, and painful losses? Life transitions—large and small—impact our daily lives and can leave us with sometimes conflicting feelings like anger, guilt, anxiety, sadness, inadequacy, and uncertainty that prohibit us from being our true selves and may even create barriers in our relationships. As your counselor, I have experience working with individuals who are grieving the loss of loved ones ranging from miscarriage, child loss, partner, and animal companions, and the challenges accompanying caring for a parent or loved one until their passing.
(231) 300-9592 View (231) 300-9592

See more therapy options for Traverse City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Traverse City, MI

200+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Traverse City, MI who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
77% Trauma and PTSD
77% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% BlueCross and BlueShield
58% Priority Health
57% Blue Care Network

How Therapists in Traverse City, MI see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
13% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Traverse City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.