Therapists in Alexandria, VA

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Photo of International Psychological & Consulting Svs Inc, Psychologist in Alexandria, VA
International Psychological & Consulting Svs Inc
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Dennis J Hunt, PhD., Licensed Clinical Psychologist, CEO of the International Psychological and Consulting Services (IPCS), Inc. At our practice, we use a Positive Psychology approach, working with individuals to develop the understanding and skills they need to achieve a higher level of daily functioning and quality of life. For more information, instructions for making appointments, and clinicians available, please go to www.ipcspositivechange.com . E-mail is the best way to get in touch with us! Due to being a small operation, we are often unable to answer calls.
Dennis J Hunt, PhD., Licensed Clinical Psychologist, CEO of the International Psychological and Consulting Services (IPCS), Inc. At our practice, we use a Positive Psychology approach, working with individuals to develop the understanding and skills they need to achieve a higher level of daily functioning and quality of life. For more information, instructions for making appointments, and clinicians available, please go to www.ipcspositivechange.com . E-mail is the best way to get in touch with us! Due to being a small operation, we are often unable to answer calls.
(703) 997-7945 View (703) 997-7945
Photo of Nyrisha Hall, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Nyrisha Hall
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
If you're facing mental health issues, substance abuse, or developmental challenges, I'm here to help. As Nyrisha Hall, I offer a personalized, empathetic approach to therapy, focusing on your unique needs and goals. My dedication to compassionate care and commitment to a nurturing environment stand me apart. Whether it's improving mental well-being, overcoming addiction, enhancing life quality, finding stable employment, or healing trauma, together we can navigate and achieve your desired outcomes. Choose to partner with me in your journey towards a healthier, happier life.
If you're facing mental health issues, substance abuse, or developmental challenges, I'm here to help. As Nyrisha Hall, I offer a personalized, empathetic approach to therapy, focusing on your unique needs and goals. My dedication to compassionate care and commitment to a nurturing environment stand me apart. Whether it's improving mental well-being, overcoming addiction, enhancing life quality, finding stable employment, or healing trauma, together we can navigate and achieve your desired outcomes. Choose to partner with me in your journey towards a healthier, happier life.
(703) 783-9450 View (703) 783-9450
Photo of Mary Jouett Rodman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Mary Jouett Rodman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Are you overwhelmed by challenges? Have you struggled with anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating? With special training in body image issues, Mary can help you on the path to recovery. Treatment will be holistic and eclectic, tailored to your needs, using the tools that work best for you, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness. You can expect practical tools that you can apply in your everyday life to fell and function better. In all cases, you are at the center of the therapy and your needs will drive the therapy process forward. If you are ready to move forward, reach out for help.
Are you overwhelmed by challenges? Have you struggled with anorexia, bulimia, or binge eating? With special training in body image issues, Mary can help you on the path to recovery. Treatment will be holistic and eclectic, tailored to your needs, using the tools that work best for you, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness. You can expect practical tools that you can apply in your everyday life to fell and function better. In all cases, you are at the center of the therapy and your needs will drive the therapy process forward. If you are ready to move forward, reach out for help.
(703) 947-0647 View (703) 947-0647
Photo of Derrick Stevens, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Derrick Stevens
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
I have had the pleasure to assist many individuals and families find the happiness and harmony they are seeking. I have also had the honor to provide guidance and support to clients navigating some of the hardest experiences in their lives. Greetings, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 30 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families. I frequently assist people navigating complex life situations, couples counseling, separation and divorce, blended family issues and major mental health diagnoses such as PTSD, bipolar, depression and anxiety.
I have had the pleasure to assist many individuals and families find the happiness and harmony they are seeking. I have also had the honor to provide guidance and support to clients navigating some of the hardest experiences in their lives. Greetings, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 30 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families. I frequently assist people navigating complex life situations, couples counseling, separation and divorce, blended family issues and major mental health diagnoses such as PTSD, bipolar, depression and anxiety.
(703) 940-9014 View (703) 940-9014
Photo of Tamica Northcutt, LPC Intern in Alexandria, VA
Tamica Northcutt
LPC Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
It can be very difficult and discouraging trying to figure it all out on your own. It can be even more difficult to admit that you need help when you look around and it seems like everyone else is doing better than you. Good news: It’s not about them, this is about you, and I want to help you on your journey to discovering what you want for yourself. I want to help you craft a life where you thrive in every way.
It can be very difficult and discouraging trying to figure it all out on your own. It can be even more difficult to admit that you need help when you look around and it seems like everyone else is doing better than you. Good news: It’s not about them, this is about you, and I want to help you on your journey to discovering what you want for yourself. I want to help you craft a life where you thrive in every way.
(571) 348-9353 View (571) 348-9353
Photo of James Willie Jenkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
James Willie Jenkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ACS, LMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22304  (Online Only)
I am a solution focused Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years of experience working in both rural and metropolitan locations. It is my hopes to provide a supportive safe space to assist you in making progress towards your goals. I have extensive experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I also have 5 years of experience working closely with active duty military and their dependents.
I am a solution focused Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years of experience working in both rural and metropolitan locations. It is my hopes to provide a supportive safe space to assist you in making progress towards your goals. I have extensive experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I also have 5 years of experience working closely with active duty military and their dependents.
(804) 656-5373 View (804) 656-5373
Photo of Margaret Tucker Cardon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Margaret Tucker Cardon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Feeling like depression, anxiety, panic, or relationship issues are getting in the way of your ability to live your best, most fulfilling life? I would love to help. I work with adults and teens ages 16+ who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life-changes, and more. I use a psychodynamic approach to individual clients' problems and work to help them gain insight. I also enjoy educating clients about mental health and teaching specific skills when appropriate. I love working with couples, especially in short-term pre-marital counseling.
Feeling like depression, anxiety, panic, or relationship issues are getting in the way of your ability to live your best, most fulfilling life? I would love to help. I work with adults and teens ages 16+ who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, life-changes, and more. I use a psychodynamic approach to individual clients' problems and work to help them gain insight. I also enjoy educating clients about mental health and teaching specific skills when appropriate. I love working with couples, especially in short-term pre-marital counseling.
(703) 844-2843 View (703) 844-2843
Photo of Carole Thomas, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work in Alexandria, VA
Carole Thomas
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work, MSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I specialize in working with adult individuals experiencing trauma, depression, anxiety, life transitions, and relationship issues and couples experiencing conflict or wanting to strengthen their relationships. I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their path to mental health and well-being. Because I believe that therapeutic rapport and alliance are paramount to therapeutic success, my goal in therapy is to hold a compassionate, safe, and non-judgmental space where clients feel seen, heard, and understood.
I specialize in working with adult individuals experiencing trauma, depression, anxiety, life transitions, and relationship issues and couples experiencing conflict or wanting to strengthen their relationships. I am dedicated to supporting individuals on their path to mental health and well-being. Because I believe that therapeutic rapport and alliance are paramount to therapeutic success, my goal in therapy is to hold a compassionate, safe, and non-judgmental space where clients feel seen, heard, and understood.
(571) 378-5154 View (571) 378-5154
Photo of The Wise Family, Counseling & Assessment , Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
The Wise Family, Counseling & Assessment
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
The Wise Family specializes in helping worried kids, stressed-out teens, over-scheduled adults and the families who love them. Is your child having trouble making friends, paying attention in school, or managing big feelings? Does your teen seem moody, distant, and unhappy? Are you finding that your family is having constant battles or struggling to get along on a day to day basis? Worrying about children and teens makes family life that much harder. And when a member of your family is suffering, everyone suffers.
The Wise Family specializes in helping worried kids, stressed-out teens, over-scheduled adults and the families who love them. Is your child having trouble making friends, paying attention in school, or managing big feelings? Does your teen seem moody, distant, and unhappy? Are you finding that your family is having constant battles or struggling to get along on a day to day basis? Worrying about children and teens makes family life that much harder. And when a member of your family is suffering, everyone suffers.
(571) 458-1550 View (571) 458-1550
Photo of Bonnie Martin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Bonnie Martin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Utilizing the most current research in neuroscience and attachment theory, I provide brain-based therapy for young adults and adults who need assistance navigating emotional pain and adjustment to life's challenges. The approach I use is strength-based, and the focus is to build resiliency by creating an environment of safety, flexibility, and humor. My goal is to support you as you resolve past hurts, identify and process present stressors and discover the power you need to live the life you dream.
Utilizing the most current research in neuroscience and attachment theory, I provide brain-based therapy for young adults and adults who need assistance navigating emotional pain and adjustment to life's challenges. The approach I use is strength-based, and the focus is to build resiliency by creating an environment of safety, flexibility, and humor. My goal is to support you as you resolve past hurts, identify and process present stressors and discover the power you need to live the life you dream.
(240) 204-6400 View (240) 204-6400
Photo of Elisa Nebolsine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Elisa Nebolsine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22301
Waitlist for new clients
Relationships, past traumas, and the stories we tell ourselves shape our emotions and actions. I focus on forming genuine connections with my clients to ensure they feel truly heard and seen. Together, we explore the deeper meaning behind your experiences, address emotional hurdles, and highlight your strengths to build a life that feels better.
Relationships, past traumas, and the stories we tell ourselves shape our emotions and actions. I focus on forming genuine connections with my clients to ensure they feel truly heard and seen. Together, we explore the deeper meaning behind your experiences, address emotional hurdles, and highlight your strengths to build a life that feels better.
(571) 600-6707 View (571) 600-6707
Photo of Kayla Barnoski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Kayla Barnoski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Kayla Barnoski is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of professional experience working with infants, toddlers, children, and teens with sides or concerns related to anxiety, depression, family issues, developmental disorders, behavioral issues, mood disorders, and more. Kayla received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology with a minor in Child Development and Family Studies at West Virginia University. She went on to earn her Master's degree in Counseling Psychology at Chatham University.
Kayla Barnoski is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with over 6 years of professional experience working with infants, toddlers, children, and teens with sides or concerns related to anxiety, depression, family issues, developmental disorders, behavioral issues, mood disorders, and more. Kayla received her Bachelor's degree in Psychology with a minor in Child Development and Family Studies at West Virginia University. She went on to earn her Master's degree in Counseling Psychology at Chatham University.
(703) 721-4843 View (703) 721-4843
Photo of Deborah Asher Hertzberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Deborah Asher Hertzberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
People in distress are often wary of talking to someone who is a stranger. The first visit is generally fraught with anxiety. I am adept at teasing out the issues and helping a person (of any age) feel comfortable and understood. I expect that many clients will come to my office with a certain amount of ambivalence about engaging in psychotherapy. Generally, by the time they leave after the first visit, they are eager to return having felt a sense of relief and hope that they are going to be understood and "heard" in a unique way.
People in distress are often wary of talking to someone who is a stranger. The first visit is generally fraught with anxiety. I am adept at teasing out the issues and helping a person (of any age) feel comfortable and understood. I expect that many clients will come to my office with a certain amount of ambivalence about engaging in psychotherapy. Generally, by the time they leave after the first visit, they are eager to return having felt a sense of relief and hope that they are going to be understood and "heard" in a unique way.
(703) 436-8910 View (703) 436-8910
Photo of Wellness Bliss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Wellness Bliss
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Counseling/Therapy Services - Our compassionate team of therapists and coaches specialize in assisting individuals navigating through diverse life transitions. Whether you're facing career shifts, relationship adjustments, or personal growth journeys, our experts provide personalized support to empower you every step of the way. We believe in an integrative approach combining evidence-based therapies, mindfulness practices, and wellness techniques to promote balance, resilience, and inner peace.
Counseling/Therapy Services - Our compassionate team of therapists and coaches specialize in assisting individuals navigating through diverse life transitions. Whether you're facing career shifts, relationship adjustments, or personal growth journeys, our experts provide personalized support to empower you every step of the way. We believe in an integrative approach combining evidence-based therapies, mindfulness practices, and wellness techniques to promote balance, resilience, and inner peace.
(571) 765-2488 View (571) 765-2488
Photo of Catherine Peterson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Catherine Peterson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22305
Waitlist for new clients
We all face challenges in life where we need more support and understanding. Therapy can be the key to help identify problems, offer solutions, and lead to the changes you are seeking. Acceptance and compassion are the foundation of my work. I help individuals, couples, and families deal with stress related to trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, life transitions, maternal mental health, complicated relationships, infidelity, parenting, and self-esteem. I have also worked extensively with Veterans and family members and understand the stressors unique to the military community.
We all face challenges in life where we need more support and understanding. Therapy can be the key to help identify problems, offer solutions, and lead to the changes you are seeking. Acceptance and compassion are the foundation of my work. I help individuals, couples, and families deal with stress related to trauma, addiction, anxiety, depression, grief and loss, life transitions, maternal mental health, complicated relationships, infidelity, parenting, and self-esteem. I have also worked extensively with Veterans and family members and understand the stressors unique to the military community.
(571) 380-8370 View (571) 380-8370
Photo of Rebecca Lesesne, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Rebecca Lesesne
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
If you're thinking about therapy, chances are you're feeling that your life is in some way not aligned with what you would like it to be or how you see yourself living it. You might be looking for a confidence boost or to make some meaningful changes in relationships with others. Though it may not feel like it to you right now, I believe that you are already your best self and have the ability to make the changes you want to see. I'd love to help you discover your favorite version of you in order to unlock your potential and create a life that feels meaningful and guided by your values.
If you're thinking about therapy, chances are you're feeling that your life is in some way not aligned with what you would like it to be or how you see yourself living it. You might be looking for a confidence boost or to make some meaningful changes in relationships with others. Though it may not feel like it to you right now, I believe that you are already your best self and have the ability to make the changes you want to see. I'd love to help you discover your favorite version of you in order to unlock your potential and create a life that feels meaningful and guided by your values.
View
Photo of Robert Evans Schulte, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Robert Evans Schulte
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, CGP
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I believe we come to be fulfilled in life through our relationships--to ourselves, each other and the world around us. Emotional distress is a signal that one of those relationships is in trouble and needs attention. My approach to restoring wellbeing emphasizes empathy, compassionate communication and thoughtful action. A person who reaches out for professional help is making an important first step in the process of healing, learning and growing as a person. Collaborating with a therapist means establishing a trusting and respectful relationship and then exploring together a path to personal wellbeing. I'm committed to that.
I believe we come to be fulfilled in life through our relationships--to ourselves, each other and the world around us. Emotional distress is a signal that one of those relationships is in trouble and needs attention. My approach to restoring wellbeing emphasizes empathy, compassionate communication and thoughtful action. A person who reaches out for professional help is making an important first step in the process of healing, learning and growing as a person. Collaborating with a therapist means establishing a trusting and respectful relationship and then exploring together a path to personal wellbeing. I'm committed to that.
(540) 860-0942 View (540) 860-0942
Photo of Kristen Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Kristen Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I reconnect my clients with their innermost authentic selves through building self esteem, healthier relationships, and a renewed passion for life and their purpose. In order to change and grow, we all need psychological mirrors to access the insights within us. In these mirrors we find our patterns, the pain we're holding onto, the changes that need to happen, and often the next steps to take in our path. Therapy is a powerful psychological mirror, as are journaling, bodywork, and creative practices.
I reconnect my clients with their innermost authentic selves through building self esteem, healthier relationships, and a renewed passion for life and their purpose. In order to change and grow, we all need psychological mirrors to access the insights within us. In these mirrors we find our patterns, the pain we're holding onto, the changes that need to happen, and often the next steps to take in our path. Therapy is a powerful psychological mirror, as are journaling, bodywork, and creative practices.
(844) 230-7650 View (844) 230-7650
Photo of Zainab Kamara, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Zainab Kamara
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22302
I am a firm believer in the philosophy that everyone’s journey is unique, and despite the ups and downs of life, each individual is the experts in their life. Together on our journey we can help navigate and cope with the challenges of life. I have experience using modalities such as Person-Centered approach with the collaborative work from Cognitive-Behavioral therapy, Solution-Focused therapy and Motivational Interviewing, with the hope of supporting individuals in identifying their desires and empowering them to make positive changes.
I am a firm believer in the philosophy that everyone’s journey is unique, and despite the ups and downs of life, each individual is the experts in their life. Together on our journey we can help navigate and cope with the challenges of life. I have experience using modalities such as Person-Centered approach with the collaborative work from Cognitive-Behavioral therapy, Solution-Focused therapy and Motivational Interviewing, with the hope of supporting individuals in identifying their desires and empowering them to make positive changes.
(571) 556-9733 View (571) 556-9733
Photo of John Louis Ehlers III, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
John Louis Ehlers III
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Over the past 15 years I have learned that the change process is collaborative and requires a unified focus between therapist and client. In therapy, the most positive outcomes occur when we develop a healthy therapeutic relationship and focus on the same goals. Building this relationship allows both therapist and client to feel comfortable while cultivating positive change. I practice from a wellness perspective that states everything we experience throughout our lives is a natural part of our development as individuals. I will meet you wherever you may be emotionally knowing that your life's journey has brought you to this place.
Over the past 15 years I have learned that the change process is collaborative and requires a unified focus between therapist and client. In therapy, the most positive outcomes occur when we develop a healthy therapeutic relationship and focus on the same goals. Building this relationship allows both therapist and client to feel comfortable while cultivating positive change. I practice from a wellness perspective that states everything we experience throughout our lives is a natural part of our development as individuals. I will meet you wherever you may be emotionally knowing that your life's journey has brought you to this place.
(703) 457-9787 x4 View (703) 457-9787 x4

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Alexandria, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Alexandria, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
80% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Stress
74% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

76% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Cigna and Evernorth
63% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Alexandria, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Alexandria?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.