Therapists in San Francisco, CA

View neighborhoods in San Francisco
Photo of Therapy for Asians, LGBTQ, POC, High Performers, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Therapy for Asians, LGBTQ, POC, High Performers
Marriage & Family Therapist, IFS, EFT, BSP, MPH, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Feeling like you have to hide parts of yourself at work, or with your romantic partner or family? These pressures can make us lose touch with who we are and what makes us feel alive. Are you feeling lonely or not good enough, and longing to be fully accepted? Together, we can explore what matters most to you, so you can move towards the life you want. I can support you in transforming patterns that make you feel stuck or overwhelmed. I offer Internal Family Systems, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Somatic Therapy, Hypnotherapy, and Brainspotting, which are all proven approaches for healing trauma and reducing anxiety and depression.
Feeling like you have to hide parts of yourself at work, or with your romantic partner or family? These pressures can make us lose touch with who we are and what makes us feel alive. Are you feeling lonely or not good enough, and longing to be fully accepted? Together, we can explore what matters most to you, so you can move towards the life you want. I can support you in transforming patterns that make you feel stuck or overwhelmed. I offer Internal Family Systems, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Somatic Therapy, Hypnotherapy, and Brainspotting, which are all proven approaches for healing trauma and reducing anxiety and depression.
(510) 313-6708 View (510) 313-6708
Photo of Dr. Shahrzad Nouraini, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Shahrzad Nouraini
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
In my practice, I work to create a safe environment for curiosity, exploration, and understanding. Together we can examine where you feel stuck, what you want to improve in your life and how to identify and act on opportunities to get there.
In my practice, I work to create a safe environment for curiosity, exploration, and understanding. Together we can examine where you feel stuck, what you want to improve in your life and how to identify and act on opportunities to get there.
View
Photo of Alanna Simmons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alanna Simmons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94121
Hi there! My name is Alanna Simmons, and I am a licensed clinical social worker. My goal is to provide support and help you understand how trauma can affect various aspects of your life. In a therapeutic setting, I follow my client's lead, whether they want to discuss trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship barriers. My approach to therapy is based on a variety of modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength-based Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused treatments.
Hi there! My name is Alanna Simmons, and I am a licensed clinical social worker. My goal is to provide support and help you understand how trauma can affect various aspects of your life. In a therapeutic setting, I follow my client's lead, whether they want to discuss trauma, anxiety, depression, or relationship barriers. My approach to therapy is based on a variety of modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength-based Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Solution Focused treatments.
(628) 243-4689 View (628) 243-4689
Photo of Caroline Lewis, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Caroline Lewis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, MIM
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
You may be feeling anxious, struggling with sleep, and are desiring healthier and more connected relationships. Deep down there is another part of you that desires more fulfillment, less anxiety, and inner confidence. I can help you. I successfully support my clients in developing new inner resources to have greater relationship success and a holistic health toolbox to not just survive but instead to thrive. My expertise includes working with highly sensitive adults, couples, and families.
You may be feeling anxious, struggling with sleep, and are desiring healthier and more connected relationships. Deep down there is another part of you that desires more fulfillment, less anxiety, and inner confidence. I can help you. I successfully support my clients in developing new inner resources to have greater relationship success and a holistic health toolbox to not just survive but instead to thrive. My expertise includes working with highly sensitive adults, couples, and families.
(970) 478-9160 View (970) 478-9160
Photo of Gilbert A. Woo, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Gilbert A. Woo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117
Gilbert received his M.S. in Clinical Psychology from San Francisco State University with internships at UCSF and SFGH Psychiatry Departments. For 7 years, he was the Mental Health Director at UCSF Epilepsy Center. He has been working with individuals with seizures since 2004 and has provided psychotherapy in a variety of settings, including child adolescent services and LGBT community clinics. He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of San Francisco.
Gilbert received his M.S. in Clinical Psychology from San Francisco State University with internships at UCSF and SFGH Psychiatry Departments. For 7 years, he was the Mental Health Director at UCSF Epilepsy Center. He has been working with individuals with seizures since 2004 and has provided psychotherapy in a variety of settings, including child adolescent services and LGBT community clinics. He is also an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of San Francisco.
(415) 449-1667 View (415) 449-1667
Photo of Mark Ryan Mayo, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Mark Ryan Mayo
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
Clinical psychologist that takes a relational and interactive approach aimed at improving the relationships we have with ourselves, others, and one's environment. I have extensive experience related to women's health issues (fellowship/residence completed at Kaiser's OB/GYN department), the interaction between one's psychological and biological health (integrated behavioral health specialist), trauma, loss, end-of-life issues, depression and panic/anxiety disorders, as well as couples and individual communication effectiveness. Trained in multiple treatment models, I take an integrative approach to aid in one's emotional well-being.
Clinical psychologist that takes a relational and interactive approach aimed at improving the relationships we have with ourselves, others, and one's environment. I have extensive experience related to women's health issues (fellowship/residence completed at Kaiser's OB/GYN department), the interaction between one's psychological and biological health (integrated behavioral health specialist), trauma, loss, end-of-life issues, depression and panic/anxiety disorders, as well as couples and individual communication effectiveness. Trained in multiple treatment models, I take an integrative approach to aid in one's emotional well-being.
(415) 715-1635 View (415) 715-1635
Photo of Heather Wassarman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Heather Wassarman
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
I specialize in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP) for adults with OCD and anxiety disorders (such as generalized anxiety, panic, and phobias). I'm also experienced in working with depression, bipolar, bulimia and binge eating, and other disorders. In addition, I have an interest in health psychology and enjoy working with people on issues like weight management, smoking cessation, and coping with medical problems.
I specialize in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP) for adults with OCD and anxiety disorders (such as generalized anxiety, panic, and phobias). I'm also experienced in working with depression, bipolar, bulimia and binge eating, and other disorders. In addition, I have an interest in health psychology and enjoy working with people on issues like weight management, smoking cessation, and coping with medical problems.
(415) 399-0255 View (415) 399-0255
Photo of Daniel Brandon Moore, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Daniel Brandon Moore
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, RN
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Are you struggling with trauma, PTSD, or complex trauma? As a therapist, I focus exclusively on helping people heal from trauma. I will help you learn to release fear, anxiety and depression and build resilience while healing your traumas. I believe trauma leaves a long-lasting impact on our body, mind and soul. I use several modalities when I work with trauma including: Somatic Experiencing, EMDR, and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. I am very creative in my approach because everyone is different. Releasing trauma requires careful guidance and it’s important to find a therapist you trust.
Are you struggling with trauma, PTSD, or complex trauma? As a therapist, I focus exclusively on helping people heal from trauma. I will help you learn to release fear, anxiety and depression and build resilience while healing your traumas. I believe trauma leaves a long-lasting impact on our body, mind and soul. I use several modalities when I work with trauma including: Somatic Experiencing, EMDR, and Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy. I am very creative in my approach because everyone is different. Releasing trauma requires careful guidance and it’s important to find a therapist you trust.
(415) 993-6810 View (415) 993-6810
Photo of Eva Kuncewicki, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Eva Kuncewicki
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
I'm a licensed MFT who specializes in trauma, attachment issues, love addiction, and codependent relationships. As a multicultural therapist, I tailor my interventions to help clients develop specific skills to cope with difficult feelings and/or explore obstacles and underlying issues that interfere with personal fulfillment.
I'm a licensed MFT who specializes in trauma, attachment issues, love addiction, and codependent relationships. As a multicultural therapist, I tailor my interventions to help clients develop specific skills to cope with difficult feelings and/or explore obstacles and underlying issues that interfere with personal fulfillment.
(415) 634-3891 View (415) 634-3891
Photo of Seth Ambrose, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Seth Ambrose
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT, mAmSAT
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94103
My goal as a therapist is to serve as a compassionate witness, creating a safe space for clients to explore their whole selves - body, mind, and spirit. Together, we can map the territory of your lived experience and find the road that leads to a place of knowing, confidence, and satisfaction. I welcome the whole you. The places of lightness and the places of darkness. I welcome your multitude of backgrounds and experiences. I welcome the parts that follow the rules, as well as the rebel parts that march to a different beat. Come just as you are - to discover who you can become.
My goal as a therapist is to serve as a compassionate witness, creating a safe space for clients to explore their whole selves - body, mind, and spirit. Together, we can map the territory of your lived experience and find the road that leads to a place of knowing, confidence, and satisfaction. I welcome the whole you. The places of lightness and the places of darkness. I welcome your multitude of backgrounds and experiences. I welcome the parts that follow the rules, as well as the rebel parts that march to a different beat. Come just as you are - to discover who you can become.
(415) 419-8633 View (415) 419-8633
Photo of Dorothy Fitzer, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dorothy Fitzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, GCFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
I am a body-centered psychotherapist and shaman specializing in working with people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I especially love to work with people that wish to embark on the deep, transformational journey of core healing and living authentically. I have nearly 3 decades of body-centered experience including Chi Gung, Tai Chi, Taoist Breathing and Meditation, the Feldenkrais Method, and Somatic Experiencing. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a private practice in San Francisco. I work with clients via skype and the phone as well as in-person.
I am a body-centered psychotherapist and shaman specializing in working with people with anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues. I especially love to work with people that wish to embark on the deep, transformational journey of core healing and living authentically. I have nearly 3 decades of body-centered experience including Chi Gung, Tai Chi, Taoist Breathing and Meditation, the Feldenkrais Method, and Somatic Experiencing. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a private practice in San Francisco. I work with clients via skype and the phone as well as in-person.
(415) 423-2725 View (415) 423-2725
Photo of Emily O'Rourke-Mills, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Emily O'Rourke-Mills
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
It takes immense bravery and courage to approach the big questions in life. I love my work because I am humbled by the resilience, grace and humor I get to witness as people navigate these big questions. Often, the clients I work with have some difficulty seeing these qualities in themselves due to trauma, family patterns, sociocultural stressors. I want to walk with you to explore the questions leading you to seek therapy and explore the strengths that come with asking those questions while helping you develop strategies to take care of yourself.
It takes immense bravery and courage to approach the big questions in life. I love my work because I am humbled by the resilience, grace and humor I get to witness as people navigate these big questions. Often, the clients I work with have some difficulty seeing these qualities in themselves due to trauma, family patterns, sociocultural stressors. I want to walk with you to explore the questions leading you to seek therapy and explore the strengths that come with asking those questions while helping you develop strategies to take care of yourself.
(970) 366-4385 View (970) 366-4385
Photo of Ann Tran, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Ann Tran
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am glad you are here! I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in working with individuals and couples. I aim to help you get unstuck and enliven the direction you want to go with compassion, humor, and my clinical experience that spans over a decade. I enjoy working with a wide variety of clients, including first-generation, LGBTQ+, or those lacking a sense of belonging at times. I work from a social justice framework to help clients dismantle internalized systems of oppression in order to live meaningfully, despite us having to exist in these realities.
I am glad you are here! I am a licensed clinical psychologist specializing in working with individuals and couples. I aim to help you get unstuck and enliven the direction you want to go with compassion, humor, and my clinical experience that spans over a decade. I enjoy working with a wide variety of clients, including first-generation, LGBTQ+, or those lacking a sense of belonging at times. I work from a social justice framework to help clients dismantle internalized systems of oppression in order to live meaningfully, despite us having to exist in these realities.
(415) 862-8303 View (415) 862-8303
Photo of Jo Sopko, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jo Sopko
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT, RDT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110
* ADULTS: I work with issues of loss, stress, anxiety, depression, abuse, sex addiction, spiritual guidance, and developmental life changes.* CHILDREN: I invite their stories that may be troubled due to emotional and academic issues. Through play, art and sand tray, I address issues of divorce, traumatic losses, abuse, adoption, bullying and low self esteem that may be affecting your children. * COUPLES: My passion is to help the couple find a yet unknown way to a compassionate, loving, open communicative relationship; to become vulnerable to the pain and wounds of each other's soul.
* ADULTS: I work with issues of loss, stress, anxiety, depression, abuse, sex addiction, spiritual guidance, and developmental life changes.* CHILDREN: I invite their stories that may be troubled due to emotional and academic issues. Through play, art and sand tray, I address issues of divorce, traumatic losses, abuse, adoption, bullying and low self esteem that may be affecting your children. * COUPLES: My passion is to help the couple find a yet unknown way to a compassionate, loving, open communicative relationship; to become vulnerable to the pain and wounds of each other's soul.
(415) 799-4143 View (415) 799-4143
Photo of Barri Pitkoff Aji, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Barri Pitkoff Aji
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Is anxiety or depression preventing you from living the life you want? Are you longing for fulfilling relationships with others, but unable to attain them? I have helped adults and adolescents figure out what's blocking them and create happier and more fulfilling lives for over twenty years.
Is anxiety or depression preventing you from living the life you want? Are you longing for fulfilling relationships with others, but unable to attain them? I have helped adults and adolescents figure out what's blocking them and create happier and more fulfilling lives for over twenty years.
(415) 599-7364 View (415) 599-7364
Photo of Marty Mulkey, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Marty Mulkey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
People come to psychotherapy for a variety of reasons. Making our way in this world demands so much self-reliance and yet we are given very little opportunity to get to know ourselves well. We keep our fears and uncertainty about whether we have what it takes to survive our struggles very close to our chests. This is such a fragile place to live. Ignoring our emotions and "soldiering on" creates a life of isolation and confusion. This may manifest as depression, anxiety, or uncertainty about how to wish, desire, and create a life worth living.
People come to psychotherapy for a variety of reasons. Making our way in this world demands so much self-reliance and yet we are given very little opportunity to get to know ourselves well. We keep our fears and uncertainty about whether we have what it takes to survive our struggles very close to our chests. This is such a fragile place to live. Ignoring our emotions and "soldiering on" creates a life of isolation and confusion. This may manifest as depression, anxiety, or uncertainty about how to wish, desire, and create a life worth living.
(415) 801-3365 View (415) 801-3365
Photo of The Fluent Mind, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
The Fluent Mind
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
As parents and clinicians, we know it is hard to have a unique brain in a typical world. We know you need different navigational tools in these turbulent waters. So, we designed a program based on well-researched therapies for all ages that will strengthen core brain functions - attention, memory, processing speed and problem-solving - and increase social skills. For parents, we work together to find the right community supports and develop the skills you need as a parent to support a calm and thriving family life.
As parents and clinicians, we know it is hard to have a unique brain in a typical world. We know you need different navigational tools in these turbulent waters. So, we designed a program based on well-researched therapies for all ages that will strengthen core brain functions - attention, memory, processing speed and problem-solving - and increase social skills. For parents, we work together to find the right community supports and develop the skills you need as a parent to support a calm and thriving family life.
(415) 944-5813 View (415) 944-5813
Photo of Kari Floberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kari Floberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Therapy can help you locate your internal compass in order to navigate the challenges that life brings. If you are seeking therapy, perhaps some area of your life is out of balance. You may feel conflicted, that you are not finding the connection you want in relationships or not living up to your fullest potential. I can help you make sense of these feelings, cultivate your innate gifts and respectfully let go of old habits so you can live more freely.
Therapy can help you locate your internal compass in order to navigate the challenges that life brings. If you are seeking therapy, perhaps some area of your life is out of balance. You may feel conflicted, that you are not finding the connection you want in relationships or not living up to your fullest potential. I can help you make sense of these feelings, cultivate your innate gifts and respectfully let go of old habits so you can live more freely.
(415) 634-4098 View (415) 634-4098
Photo of Scott D Altamirano, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Scott D Altamirano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103
Accepting clients Apr 2024. I help couples work their way through crisis events by helping them find their feet amist the chaos. My role is to help couples have difficult conversations. With my background is in probation/parole therapy, I bring strong elements of fairness, repair, and rehabilitation to couples who have faced injuries. Some topics I have strong experience in are: infidelity, bisexuality, addiction, codependency, anger management, emotional availability, parenting approach, and lack of sexual intimacy.
Accepting clients Apr 2024. I help couples work their way through crisis events by helping them find their feet amist the chaos. My role is to help couples have difficult conversations. With my background is in probation/parole therapy, I bring strong elements of fairness, repair, and rehabilitation to couples who have faced injuries. Some topics I have strong experience in are: infidelity, bisexuality, addiction, codependency, anger management, emotional availability, parenting approach, and lack of sexual intimacy.
(972) 945-7714 View (972) 945-7714
Photo of Phillip Cha, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Phillip Cha
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
Thanks for visiting my site. Your struggles may have brought you to this website, but I believe that you are more than your "symptoms". We often find ourselves struggling with our own struggles rather than using our inherent resilience and strengths to continue traveling in the direction that holds deeper meaning for us.
Thanks for visiting my site. Your struggles may have brought you to this website, but I believe that you are more than your "symptoms". We often find ourselves struggling with our own struggles rather than using our inherent resilience and strengths to continue traveling in the direction that holds deeper meaning for us.
(415) 692-3504 View (415) 692-3504

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.