Photo of Danielle Dickson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Danielle Dickson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CACI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berthoud, CO 80513  (Online Only)
Buddha once wrote, “What you are is what you have been. What you’ll be is what you do now.” So what will you do now? Change can be intimidating, yet it is one thing that we can have power over. When we have our moments of struggle, we find ourselves drowning in our emotions that can overwhelm us. The simple stressors of life can become too much. Then there are other times when fear, unexpected loss, relationship difficulties, and traumatic events trap us. You are already strong. I’m just here to help you realize it. Together, let’s work to break free from emotional pain and find that path that leads you to a productive future.
Buddha once wrote, “What you are is what you have been. What you’ll be is what you do now.” So what will you do now? Change can be intimidating, yet it is one thing that we can have power over. When we have our moments of struggle, we find ourselves drowning in our emotions that can overwhelm us. The simple stressors of life can become too much. Then there are other times when fear, unexpected loss, relationship difficulties, and traumatic events trap us. You are already strong. I’m just here to help you realize it. Together, let’s work to break free from emotional pain and find that path that leads you to a productive future.
(970) 514-8287 View (970) 514-8287

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Gena Howle, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Gena Howle
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, ACT, PCIT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Loveland, CO 80538
I work together with individuals and youngsters in a cooperative setting to identify, prioritize and solve problems. I believe that growth occurs through the examining and embracing of the total person (spiritual, emotional, mental and physical) in a nurturing and friendly environment. I use animal therapies in a experiencial setting to help facilitate lasting value changes and personal growth. I look forward to each and every client experience as a wonderful opportunity to experience change and growth!
I work together with individuals and youngsters in a cooperative setting to identify, prioritize and solve problems. I believe that growth occurs through the examining and embracing of the total person (spiritual, emotional, mental and physical) in a nurturing and friendly environment. I use animal therapies in a experiencial setting to help facilitate lasting value changes and personal growth. I look forward to each and every client experience as a wonderful opportunity to experience change and growth!
(970) 517-3732 View (970) 517-3732
Photo of Robert Bundy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Robert Bundy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Are you struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, addiction, anxiety, or major life changes? There comes a time when we need some help from a certified professional to help cope with many of life’s challenges. I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor in the greater Loveland/Fort Collins area, and I’d be honored to help you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery. I believe that each individual has the ability to change their lives for the better and my approach to change is geared toward helping individuals become more confident, capable, and become the best version of themselves.
Are you struggling with issues related to trauma, grief, addiction, anxiety, or major life changes? There comes a time when we need some help from a certified professional to help cope with many of life’s challenges. I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor in the greater Loveland/Fort Collins area, and I’d be honored to help you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery. I believe that each individual has the ability to change their lives for the better and my approach to change is geared toward helping individuals become more confident, capable, and become the best version of themselves.
(970) 341-2096 View (970) 341-2096
Photo of Specialty Counseling & Consulting, LLC in Berthoud, CO
Specialty Counseling & Consulting, LLC
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538
Welcome to Specialty! We are a group of counselors with our own specialty areas. We believe in a “goodness of fit,” and want you to connect with your ideal counselor. We are currently accepting new clients and can provide both in-person and virtual sessions. Our team can treat most conditions and we accept most insurances. Check out our website for more information about who we are. We hope to hear from you soon!
Welcome to Specialty! We are a group of counselors with our own specialty areas. We believe in a “goodness of fit,” and want you to connect with your ideal counselor. We are currently accepting new clients and can provide both in-person and virtual sessions. Our team can treat most conditions and we accept most insurances. Check out our website for more information about who we are. We hope to hear from you soon!
(970) 825-1531 View (970) 825-1531
Photo of Lynne McRae, Psychologist in Berthoud, CO
Lynne McRae
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Loveland, CO 80538  (Online Only)
Do you feel overwhelmed by the challenges of life? Stressed out, burned out, coming out? My name is Lynne McRae, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional, Certified Clinical Herbalist, Reiki Master, and Yoga Nidra teacher. I work well with people who experience anxiety, which can present itself as stress and burnout, using substances, food, or social media to cope, hating your body, feeling in emotional or physical pain, unhappy relationships, disempowering sexual experiences, grief and loss, or many other types of disconnections.
Do you feel overwhelmed by the challenges of life? Stressed out, burned out, coming out? My name is Lynne McRae, and I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional, Certified Clinical Herbalist, Reiki Master, and Yoga Nidra teacher. I work well with people who experience anxiety, which can present itself as stress and burnout, using substances, food, or social media to cope, hating your body, feeling in emotional or physical pain, unhappy relationships, disempowering sexual experiences, grief and loss, or many other types of disconnections.
(844) 945-2921 View (844) 945-2921
Photo of Oak Tree Behavioral Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Oak Tree Behavioral Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Longmont, CO 80501
Oak Tree Behavioral Services, Inc. is known throughout Colorado in diagnosing, and treating treating mental health conditions. Oak Tree Behavioral Services, Inc, provides: Individual Therapy, Marriage Therapy, and Testing. Interventions target problematic behavior, cognitions, and emotional dysregulation. Treatments are pragmatic, evidence-based and interventions that address the factors that contribute to the personal adversity. Therapeutic style is marked mutual collaboration, fresh perspective taking, active teaching, and warmth. Clinicians are committed to tailoring strategies to build upon client's unique qualities, concerns, and circumstances. We strive to provide the direction needed to not only cope, but to "own" challenges and strengths.
Oak Tree Behavioral Services, Inc. is known throughout Colorado in diagnosing, and treating treating mental health conditions. Oak Tree Behavioral Services, Inc, provides: Individual Therapy, Marriage Therapy, and Testing. Interventions target problematic behavior, cognitions, and emotional dysregulation. Treatments are pragmatic, evidence-based and interventions that address the factors that contribute to the personal adversity. Therapeutic style is marked mutual collaboration, fresh perspective taking, active teaching, and warmth. Clinicians are committed to tailoring strategies to build upon client's unique qualities, concerns, and circumstances. We strive to provide the direction needed to not only cope, but to "own" challenges and strengths.
(303) 622-5676 View (303) 622-5676
Photo of Chris Woodward, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berthoud, CO
Chris Woodward
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Longmont, CO 80501
Waitlist for new clients
I believe we are here to discover, learn, and experience as much as possible in this short journey. As a seasoned and experienced Counselor, I take a holistic (comprehensive) approach in psychotherapy focusing on all parts of a person which includes the emotional, social, biological, environmental, spiritual/philosophical (meaning and purpose), and psychological components that make us whole. And if you are in need of psychiatric medications, I work with a Psychiatrist in the area and you will have access to this service.
I believe we are here to discover, learn, and experience as much as possible in this short journey. As a seasoned and experienced Counselor, I take a holistic (comprehensive) approach in psychotherapy focusing on all parts of a person which includes the emotional, social, biological, environmental, spiritual/philosophical (meaning and purpose), and psychological components that make us whole. And if you are in need of psychiatric medications, I work with a Psychiatrist in the area and you will have access to this service.
(720) 897-0246 View (720) 897-0246

Online Therapists

Photo of Autumn Coppejans (Accepting New Clients!), Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Autumn Coppejans (Accepting New Clients!)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakewood, CO 80215
Some of the eclectic treatment methods I use are Choice Theory/Reality Therapy to help regain a sense of control and empowerment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which teaches us to rewire the brain to automatically challenge thoughts and feelings that do not serve us, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Solution-Focused therapy to move forward.
NOW Accepting New Clients! Schedule today through my website link in my bio! Welcome, I’m Autumn. Originally from the Midwest, I spent years of exploring various professions until I finally found my calling and passion in professional counseling. I know that trust, and connection are essential when it comes to finding the right therapist. My practice is founded on the belief that every person has a unique story, and clients are the true experts of their lives.
Some of the eclectic treatment methods I use are Choice Theory/Reality Therapy to help regain a sense of control and empowerment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) which teaches us to rewire the brain to automatically challenge thoughts and feelings that do not serve us, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Solution-Focused therapy to move forward.
NOW Accepting New Clients! Schedule today through my website link in my bio! Welcome, I’m Autumn. Originally from the Midwest, I spent years of exploring various professions until I finally found my calling and passion in professional counseling. I know that trust, and connection are essential when it comes to finding the right therapist. My practice is founded on the belief that every person has a unique story, and clients are the true experts of their lives.
(720) 547-3898 View (720) 547-3898
Photo of Cassandra Mrsny, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Cassandra Mrsny
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80247  (Online Only)
I have an eclectic theoretical approach combining Existential, Constructive, and Reality Therapy (with the sprinkle of various other evidence-based modalities).
I operate on the belief that self-awareness, questioning our reality, and choosing to create change in our lives, together, are the keys to living vs. surviving. At the risk of sounding very cheesy, you deserve to feel ALIVE and live a life worth living-whatever that looks like for you. Something brought you here and one of the only things I can confidently predict is that change is constant, inevitable, and really uncomfortable. But, we can play a huge role in guiding that change for ourselves. And you don’t have to navigate that alone.
I have an eclectic theoretical approach combining Existential, Constructive, and Reality Therapy (with the sprinkle of various other evidence-based modalities).
I operate on the belief that self-awareness, questioning our reality, and choosing to create change in our lives, together, are the keys to living vs. surviving. At the risk of sounding very cheesy, you deserve to feel ALIVE and live a life worth living-whatever that looks like for you. Something brought you here and one of the only things I can confidently predict is that change is constant, inevitable, and really uncomfortable. But, we can play a huge role in guiding that change for ourselves. And you don’t have to navigate that alone.
(720) 928-3813 View (720) 928-3813
Photo of Angelique Anne Saunders, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Angelique Anne Saunders
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Longmont, CO 80504
Whatever your needs may be, I am here to assist you in overcoming obstacles and achieving your goals. If you are feeling overwhelmed, stressed, tired, or anxious there is hope and a way. Collaboration and understanding are the key to improving overall mental health and wellness. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Humanistic Psychology, Interpersonal Effectiveness Skills, and Reality Therapy.
Whatever your needs may be, I am here to assist you in overcoming obstacles and achieving your goals. If you are feeling overwhelmed, stressed, tired, or anxious there is hope and a way. Collaboration and understanding are the key to improving overall mental health and wellness. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Humanistic Psychology, Interpersonal Effectiveness Skills, and Reality Therapy.
(720) 664-7461 View (720) 664-7461
Photo of Christy Sorden, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Christy Sorden
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Colorado Springs, CO 80920
Reality Therapy Summary: Focus on the present; Act and think; Avoid criticizing, blaming and/or complaining; Remain non-judgmental and non-coercive; Is what I'm doing getting me closer to the people I need?; Excuses are in the way; Focus on specifics; Specific workable plans; Patient and supportive.
I am a dedicated counselor who strives to help individuals meet their personal goals. Many people experience problems throughout their lives where they feel stuck and helpless. Such problems may surround a person's personal, social, educational, professional, and/or financial well being. Utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy, choice theory, EMDR , and solution focused therapy, people can discuss issues openly in a safe confidential environment. I believe that counseling can help people achieve their goals and regain the happiness within their lives. I provide individual, couples, family, and group counseling services.
Reality Therapy Summary: Focus on the present; Act and think; Avoid criticizing, blaming and/or complaining; Remain non-judgmental and non-coercive; Is what I'm doing getting me closer to the people I need?; Excuses are in the way; Focus on specifics; Specific workable plans; Patient and supportive.
I am a dedicated counselor who strives to help individuals meet their personal goals. Many people experience problems throughout their lives where they feel stuck and helpless. Such problems may surround a person's personal, social, educational, professional, and/or financial well being. Utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy, choice theory, EMDR , and solution focused therapy, people can discuss issues openly in a safe confidential environment. I believe that counseling can help people achieve their goals and regain the happiness within their lives. I provide individual, couples, family, and group counseling services.
(719) 225-2679 View (719) 225-2679
Photo of Karen Jensen Counseling, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Karen Jensen Counseling, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPCC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
'We do what we want' is a primary premise in the approach Karen takes to counseling, and a clear reflection and understanding of what that means to each client, is where she will begin. Karen's counseling style is based in Reality Therapy; our choices are powerful. She will help her clients to take stock of where he or she is, where they truly desire to be, and help search her client's soul to determine what he or she is willing to do to achieve success as they define it.
'We do what we want' is a primary premise in the approach Karen takes to counseling, and a clear reflection and understanding of what that means to each client, is where she will begin. Karen's counseling style is based in Reality Therapy; our choices are powerful. She will help her clients to take stock of where he or she is, where they truly desire to be, and help search her client's soul to determine what he or she is willing to do to achieve success as they define it.
(253) 906-3454 View (253) 906-3454
Photo of Kenneth A Thresher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Kenneth A Thresher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LAC, NCC
Verified Verified
Broomfield, CO 80020  (Online Only)
I have clients that come to therapy for a wide range of issues. Most often, client goals begin with relief from pain, sadness, guilt, shame, confusion, addiction and many other symptoms related to distress. I have found that many clients who seek therapy are surprised to learn how past and present are related and how someone can influence future through choice, meaning, and intentional use of personal strengths. I am passionate about keeping the therapeutic relationship collaborative and empathic, while striving to weave empirical interventions with hope and perseverance.
I have clients that come to therapy for a wide range of issues. Most often, client goals begin with relief from pain, sadness, guilt, shame, confusion, addiction and many other symptoms related to distress. I have found that many clients who seek therapy are surprised to learn how past and present are related and how someone can influence future through choice, meaning, and intentional use of personal strengths. I am passionate about keeping the therapeutic relationship collaborative and empathic, while striving to weave empirical interventions with hope and perseverance.
(720) 403-9401 View (720) 403-9401
Photo of Higher Sights - Therapy, EMDR & Med Management, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berthoud, CO
Higher Sights - Therapy, EMDR & Med Management
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC, LAC, PMHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lakewood, CO 80215
Accepting New Clients! Immediate openings, book instantly through our website! At We understand that being stuck and feeling like everything you have tried has left you hopeless is one of the most painful experiences. We help our clients feel empowered by helping them to see their own strengths and by teaching them new research-based tools to help focus and guide them for lasting change. We believe that therapy is a starting point to healing and changing patterns that have not been working. We work to help each unique client develop a new way to feel confident in approaching life matter what comes their way.
Accepting New Clients! Immediate openings, book instantly through our website! At We understand that being stuck and feeling like everything you have tried has left you hopeless is one of the most painful experiences. We help our clients feel empowered by helping them to see their own strengths and by teaching them new research-based tools to help focus and guide them for lasting change. We believe that therapy is a starting point to healing and changing patterns that have not been working. We work to help each unique client develop a new way to feel confident in approaching life matter what comes their way.
(720) 650-2525 View (720) 650-2525
Photo of Nikki Eisenhauer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Nikki Eisenhauer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, LCDC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80218
I am the life coach for therapists, healers, seekers, & dreamers. NO big Package by-ins--have 1 session at a time with no commitment--and I'll happily give referrals if I'm not the right healer for you. Good fits? Previous therapy experience, already has some understanding of personal 'stuck points' and want guidance, support, mentorship, & 'how-to' tools to live balanced, fulfilled, peaceful. Life is hard enough--easier with emotionally effective tools and strategies. I think my best work is in teaching people from difficult backgrounds how to fully, deeply, love and heal themselves, to get out of survival mode and into LIVING.
I am the life coach for therapists, healers, seekers, & dreamers. NO big Package by-ins--have 1 session at a time with no commitment--and I'll happily give referrals if I'm not the right healer for you. Good fits? Previous therapy experience, already has some understanding of personal 'stuck points' and want guidance, support, mentorship, & 'how-to' tools to live balanced, fulfilled, peaceful. Life is hard enough--easier with emotionally effective tools and strategies. I think my best work is in teaching people from difficult backgrounds how to fully, deeply, love and heal themselves, to get out of survival mode and into LIVING.
(713) 338-9162 View (713) 338-9162
Photo of Monique Foster, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Monique Foster
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CSC, CCTP, ADHD-CC
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80202
You are here, and I believe I can help you--that is the first step, reaching out. My name is Monique C. Foster, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who worked in counseling, coaching, teaching and consulting for over 15 years. Healing and discovery--a therapeutic journey that I walk side-by-side with my clients. I have a wide range of counseling and coaching experiences from educational institutions, substance recovery, and psychiatric hospitals.
You are here, and I believe I can help you--that is the first step, reaching out. My name is Monique C. Foster, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who worked in counseling, coaching, teaching and consulting for over 15 years. Healing and discovery--a therapeutic journey that I walk side-by-side with my clients. I have a wide range of counseling and coaching experiences from educational institutions, substance recovery, and psychiatric hospitals.
(469) 856-1937 View (469) 856-1937
Photo of Bill Boniface, Licensed Professional Counselor in Berthoud, CO
Bill Boniface
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Colorado Springs, CO 80918
I provide an empathetic, non-judgemental and caring therapeutic approach. My goal is to help you reduce symptoms and gain positive change. Are you having boundary issues, relationship issues (polyamourous, open, ethically non monogomous, swinging, or monogomous) work problems, gender identity, culture issues, and/ or sexual identity issues I am passionate about working with my clients to meet their goals. Every case is unique and requires a special therapeutic approach. I tailor my approach to your specific needs.
I provide an empathetic, non-judgemental and caring therapeutic approach. My goal is to help you reduce symptoms and gain positive change. Are you having boundary issues, relationship issues (polyamourous, open, ethically non monogomous, swinging, or monogomous) work problems, gender identity, culture issues, and/ or sexual identity issues I am passionate about working with my clients to meet their goals. Every case is unique and requires a special therapeutic approach. I tailor my approach to your specific needs.
(719) 623-5578 View (719) 623-5578
Photo of Robert Vitaletti, Ph.D. Psychotherapy & Counseling, Psychologist in Berthoud, CO
Robert Vitaletti, Ph.D. Psychotherapy & Counseling
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Denver, CO 80202
In 40years as a licensed psychologist I have seen what works. I am an active therapist who takes the time to listen closely, then use my varied experience and expert knowledge to help you. Call for a free phone consultation, I'll be glad to speak with you. I use results-focused psychodynamic, insight, cognitive, and analytic approaches. Sessions are in a warm historical office in a discreet private practice setting. I treat anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, sexual compulsions and abuse, trauma, OCD, relationship conflict, and stress disorders. I offer a sliding fee scale, PPO insurance coverage, and video sessions.
In 40years as a licensed psychologist I have seen what works. I am an active therapist who takes the time to listen closely, then use my varied experience and expert knowledge to help you. Call for a free phone consultation, I'll be glad to speak with you. I use results-focused psychodynamic, insight, cognitive, and analytic approaches. Sessions are in a warm historical office in a discreet private practice setting. I treat anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, sexual compulsions and abuse, trauma, OCD, relationship conflict, and stress disorders. I offer a sliding fee scale, PPO insurance coverage, and video sessions.
(720) 580-6113 View (720) 580-6113
Photo of Richard F Spiegle, Psychologist in Berthoud, CO
Richard F Spiegle
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Denver, CO 80217
My training for my doctorate was in child and family clinical practice and I obtained post-doctoral training in forensic psychology. I also received over 300 hour of training at the Neurosculpting Institute. In addition to my clinical and forensic practice, I have provided consultation services in such settings as Head Start, Federal Corrections, and Child Protection Services and for agencies serving the developmentally disabled. A large part of my practice has always included providing psychotherapy for children, adolescents, couples, and families. I have been married for over 30 years and have seven children.
My training for my doctorate was in child and family clinical practice and I obtained post-doctoral training in forensic psychology. I also received over 300 hour of training at the Neurosculpting Institute. In addition to my clinical and forensic practice, I have provided consultation services in such settings as Head Start, Federal Corrections, and Child Protection Services and for agencies serving the developmentally disabled. A large part of my practice has always included providing psychotherapy for children, adolescents, couples, and families. I have been married for over 30 years and have seven children.
(720) 538-9812 x1 View (720) 538-9812 x1
Photo of Rachael Starr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berthoud, CO
Rachael Starr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Centennial, CO 80111
Do you want to improve your life? Become a happier, healthier person? Do you want a therapist who is always honest with you? I aim to help my clients achieve all their goals, and help them develop the tools to fill their needs. I will work as often as they might want to in order to help them heal. We can work together on any issues they have so that they can live their best life!
Do you want to improve your life? Become a happier, healthier person? Do you want a therapist who is always honest with you? I aim to help my clients achieve all their goals, and help them develop the tools to fill their needs. I will work as often as they might want to in order to help them heal. We can work together on any issues they have so that they can live their best life!
(772) 783-9574 View (772) 783-9574
Reality Therapy

Is reality therapy evidence-based?

Reality therapy is not well-studied, and it may not be as effective in treating certain mental health conditions when compared with evidence-based treatments like cognitive behavioral or acceptance and commitment therapies. However, some research does indicate that reality therapy might be helpful for people with addiction, and may be effective in treating social anxiety in young people.

How long does reality therapy last?

Reality therapy is less structured when compared with psychoanalysis, for example. Reality therapy is more open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to two times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. Individuals can also practice the principles of reality therapy long after treatment has ended.

Does reality therapy work?

Reality therapy can help a person manage concerns such as eating disorders, addiction, substance use, anxiety, phobias, and relationship difficulties. This type of therapy encourages a person to be accountable for their behaviors. This therapy may offer benefits that are hard to measure. Reality therapy can be useful in one-on-one therapy or in group sessions. This method may be used with children, families, and adults.

What are the limitations of reality therapy?

This therapy is person-centered or client-centered, and the therapist focuses on choices made by the individual in the present day. The therapist privileges the individual’s perspective over others. This format may feel frustrating for individuals seeking a more structured approach; certainly, no one therapy type will work for every client.