Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Allena M Moncrief, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Allena M Moncrief
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147  (Online Only)
Greetings, my name is Dr. Allena M. Moncrief and I have been providing therapeutic services to clients in Pennsylvania since 2010. I obtained my PhD from Drexel University in the field of Couple and Family Therapy in 2017. As a psychotherapist, I understand the decision to enter psychotherapy can be extremely challenging for some individuals. Thus, I strive to meet individuals where they are in the therapeutic process. This process involves helping individuals explore the root of their difficulties/roadblocks and assisting them with creating a roadmap that will lead to a more fulfilling and enjoyable life.
Greetings, my name is Dr. Allena M. Moncrief and I have been providing therapeutic services to clients in Pennsylvania since 2010. I obtained my PhD from Drexel University in the field of Couple and Family Therapy in 2017. As a psychotherapist, I understand the decision to enter psychotherapy can be extremely challenging for some individuals. Thus, I strive to meet individuals where they are in the therapeutic process. This process involves helping individuals explore the root of their difficulties/roadblocks and assisting them with creating a roadmap that will lead to a more fulfilling and enjoyable life.
(267) 314-6694 View (267) 314-6694
Photo of Sara M Evans, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Sara M Evans
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I am a clinical psychologist and certified school psychologist who specializes in private school admissions testing, psychoeducational testing to determine the presence of learning disabilities or ADHD, parent counseling, and therapy with children, adolescents, college students, and adults.
I am a clinical psychologist and certified school psychologist who specializes in private school admissions testing, psychoeducational testing to determine the presence of learning disabilities or ADHD, parent counseling, and therapy with children, adolescents, college students, and adults.
(215) 970-2367 View (215) 970-2367
Photo of Madeline Bush, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Madeline Bush
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19128  (Online Only)
My approach tailors an effective and empathic treatment to meet each client's needs through Internal Family Systems, Cognitive Behavior Therapy and/or Dialectical Behavior Therapy. I have experience treating people suffering from anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders and personality disorders within specific treatment interventions specifically tailored to these populations. It's important to me to deliver treatments that I believe in and hold passion toward - I enjoy sharing that with my clients!
My approach tailors an effective and empathic treatment to meet each client's needs through Internal Family Systems, Cognitive Behavior Therapy and/or Dialectical Behavior Therapy. I have experience treating people suffering from anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders and personality disorders within specific treatment interventions specifically tailored to these populations. It's important to me to deliver treatments that I believe in and hold passion toward - I enjoy sharing that with my clients!
(267) 609-8429 View (267) 609-8429
Photo of Joshua Weiss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Joshua Weiss
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am a licensed professional counselor with a Gestalt and Holistic Wellness approach towards therapy. Gestalt and Wellness approaches allow me to be creative and intentional with my therapeutic practices. I value human connectedness and learning about each person I work with. Therapy is unique to everyone, and my goal is to guide the therapeutic experience with the intention of promoting personal growth. Life has it’s hardships, my passion is helping people lean into their discomforts to develop the skills needed to overcome them.
I am a licensed professional counselor with a Gestalt and Holistic Wellness approach towards therapy. Gestalt and Wellness approaches allow me to be creative and intentional with my therapeutic practices. I value human connectedness and learning about each person I work with. Therapy is unique to everyone, and my goal is to guide the therapeutic experience with the intention of promoting personal growth. Life has it’s hardships, my passion is helping people lean into their discomforts to develop the skills needed to overcome them.
(484) 646-2762 View (484) 646-2762
Photo of John C McWilliams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
John C McWilliams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I am passionate about helping adults of all ages navigate the transitions in their lives, approaching my work from the perspective that all of us are seeking to realize our full potential. I help clients find solutions to what’s blocking their path and compromising their joy. I have been successful in helping people struggling to find their sense of identity through career and intimate relationships and to recover from the trauma of invalidating families and cultures. I help couples break their cycle of defensive communication to create more intimate connections through reciprocal vulnerability.
I am passionate about helping adults of all ages navigate the transitions in their lives, approaching my work from the perspective that all of us are seeking to realize our full potential. I help clients find solutions to what’s blocking their path and compromising their joy. I have been successful in helping people struggling to find their sense of identity through career and intimate relationships and to recover from the trauma of invalidating families and cultures. I help couples break their cycle of defensive communication to create more intimate connections through reciprocal vulnerability.
(267) 728-7845 View (267) 728-7845
Photo of Sophie Hans, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Sophie Hans
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
My ideal client is someone who comes to therapy in a time of need. They might be experiencing anxiety due to life changes and transitions or they might be experiencing symptoms of anxiety for the first time and be concerned as to where the anxiety came from. The client might be processing loss or grief from a loved one or past friendships and or relationships. My ideal client will have needs such as needing to identify coping skills to get through life stressors, assistance with reaching goals. As a therapist I would be able to provide the client with a objective perspective to bounce their ideas and situations off of.
(267) 458-5417 View (267) 458-5417
Photo of Angelique Frazier, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Angelique Frazier
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
While starting therapy can seem intimidating or daunting, I want you to know that you always deserve to take up space in therapy. I aim to help clients uncover the strengths they already possess. My work with clients involves the following: celebrating culture, acknowledging marginalization & privilege, multiracial identities, interracial couples, navigating cishet-white spaces, balancing conflicting expectations, processing current events, challenging anxious thoughts, separating me (the person) from anxiety (the fear and uncertainty), unpacking past events, reducing miscommunication, and feeling seen/heard.
While starting therapy can seem intimidating or daunting, I want you to know that you always deserve to take up space in therapy. I aim to help clients uncover the strengths they already possess. My work with clients involves the following: celebrating culture, acknowledging marginalization & privilege, multiracial identities, interracial couples, navigating cishet-white spaces, balancing conflicting expectations, processing current events, challenging anxious thoughts, separating me (the person) from anxiety (the fear and uncertainty), unpacking past events, reducing miscommunication, and feeling seen/heard.
(484) 214-2610 View (484) 214-2610
Photo of Julia Markovitz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Julia Markovitz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143
I’ve wanted to be a therapist since I was a teenager and I still can’t imagine doing anything else. It is such a great privilege to hear your life stories. I think it takes a lot of bravery to walk into my office and share your inner thoughts and feelings with me, especially if you haven’t experienced a lot of empathic listening in your life. As a fellow frequenter of the couch myself, I know how hard it can be! And also, how deeply meaningful. Through my own journey of healing from trauma and witnessing profound transformations in my clients, I bring more than just clinical tools to the therapeutic process.
I’ve wanted to be a therapist since I was a teenager and I still can’t imagine doing anything else. It is such a great privilege to hear your life stories. I think it takes a lot of bravery to walk into my office and share your inner thoughts and feelings with me, especially if you haven’t experienced a lot of empathic listening in your life. As a fellow frequenter of the couch myself, I know how hard it can be! And also, how deeply meaningful. Through my own journey of healing from trauma and witnessing profound transformations in my clients, I bring more than just clinical tools to the therapeutic process.
(215) 618-9572 View (215) 618-9572
Photo of Cognitive Behavior Institute, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Cognitive Behavior Institute
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19111
Welcome to Cognitive Behavior Institute! We are committed to providing the best care possible through established treatment methods. These treatment methods are proven to be effective for a wide range of mental health diagnoses and psychological distresses. Cognitive Behavior Institute (CBI) is proud to employ adept licensed clinicians, board-certified psychiatrists, and compassionate administrative staff with diverse experience in their respective fields.
Welcome to Cognitive Behavior Institute! We are committed to providing the best care possible through established treatment methods. These treatment methods are proven to be effective for a wide range of mental health diagnoses and psychological distresses. Cognitive Behavior Institute (CBI) is proud to employ adept licensed clinicians, board-certified psychiatrists, and compassionate administrative staff with diverse experience in their respective fields.
(267) 867-5785 View (267) 867-5785
Photo of Joseph A Ofalt, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Joseph A Ofalt
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19119
At times you may feel too depleted to consider making needed changes in your life, or to know what is even possible to change. Old coping mechanisms no longer work so well, bringing diminishing returns and unhappiness. It may take a crisis to be ready to seek help. Psychotherapy can reveal ways of replacing the behavior patterns and symptoms that cause us trouble with real solutions. Using the insights of existential and psychodynamic perspectives of psychology - including dream work - as a basis, I will help you understand yourself, care for yourself, and discover strength and meaning wherever you may find yourself in your life.
At times you may feel too depleted to consider making needed changes in your life, or to know what is even possible to change. Old coping mechanisms no longer work so well, bringing diminishing returns and unhappiness. It may take a crisis to be ready to seek help. Psychotherapy can reveal ways of replacing the behavior patterns and symptoms that cause us trouble with real solutions. Using the insights of existential and psychodynamic perspectives of psychology - including dream work - as a basis, I will help you understand yourself, care for yourself, and discover strength and meaning wherever you may find yourself in your life.
(267) 651-1287 View (267) 651-1287
Photo of Tiffany Harris, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Tiffany Harris
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19119  (Online Only)
I grew up in an urban environment or as I affectionately call it “the hood”. It is my belief that those who grow up in “the hood” walk through life with a unique set of experiences. Those experiences serve as a foundation for the ways in which we show up in the world , how we understand and express emotions and how we engage with others. Through a collaborative and person centered approach I assist my clients in identifying, understanding, and highlighting the positive patterns that have been adopted as they have moved throughout life , while challenging and disrupting the patterns that no longer serve them well.
I grew up in an urban environment or as I affectionately call it “the hood”. It is my belief that those who grow up in “the hood” walk through life with a unique set of experiences. Those experiences serve as a foundation for the ways in which we show up in the world , how we understand and express emotions and how we engage with others. Through a collaborative and person centered approach I assist my clients in identifying, understanding, and highlighting the positive patterns that have been adopted as they have moved throughout life , while challenging and disrupting the patterns that no longer serve them well.
(267) 296-8262 View (267) 296-8262
Photo of Betty C Rice, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Betty C Rice
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, SAP
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19110
Psychotherapy is my dream job. I typically see individuals struggling with relational issues whether it be family or significant other and mood disorders (depression/anxiety). I listen and try to understand what a person needs in therapy; problem-solving, support, insight into life situations, difficult work situations, or personal growth and understanding. I work closely with the Gay/Lesbian population and do couples counseling.
Psychotherapy is my dream job. I typically see individuals struggling with relational issues whether it be family or significant other and mood disorders (depression/anxiety). I listen and try to understand what a person needs in therapy; problem-solving, support, insight into life situations, difficult work situations, or personal growth and understanding. I work closely with the Gay/Lesbian population and do couples counseling.
(215) 688-5751 View (215) 688-5751
Photo of Erica Speiser Eisenberg, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Erica Speiser Eisenberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19106  (Online Only)
When you’re looking for a therapist, one of the most important things is finding someone with whom you can develop a safe, healthy, and trusting relationship. I believe that it is in the context of this kind of relationship, that healing, growth, and learning occur. I’ve had a rich and varied career working as a psychologist and training doctoral students in a range of settings including an inpatient hospital, a clinic for families living with HIV, in community mental health clinics, and in private practice.
When you’re looking for a therapist, one of the most important things is finding someone with whom you can develop a safe, healthy, and trusting relationship. I believe that it is in the context of this kind of relationship, that healing, growth, and learning occur. I’ve had a rich and varied career working as a psychologist and training doctoral students in a range of settings including an inpatient hospital, a clinic for families living with HIV, in community mental health clinics, and in private practice.
(267) 762-1699 View (267) 762-1699
Photo of Chenglu Ding, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Chenglu Ding
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSEd, MPhilEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
Are you feeling down, anxious, and isolated? Are you experiencing struggles with work, life transitions, or unresolved trauma? I am passionate about working with adults, children, couples, and families who are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, stress management, and life transitions. I am also dedicated to assisting immigrants and international students in navigating adjustments to American culture.
Are you feeling down, anxious, and isolated? Are you experiencing struggles with work, life transitions, or unresolved trauma? I am passionate about working with adults, children, couples, and families who are dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma, stress management, and life transitions. I am also dedicated to assisting immigrants and international students in navigating adjustments to American culture.
(267) 389-9369 View (267) 389-9369
Photo of Sara Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Sara Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Therapy offers an opportunity for cultivating safety, security, and steadiness within ourselves and in our relationships. Through a warm and patient presence, gentle curiosity, and deep compassion, I hope to offer you a sturdy container within which you can practice vulnerability and explore a full range of feelings. I hold an awareness that our pain, grief, anger, joy, and pleasure live in our bodies, and I believe paying attention to what happens in our bodies can increase our insight and agency. Integrating somatic and mindfulness practices into our work together supports this connection between body and mind.
Therapy offers an opportunity for cultivating safety, security, and steadiness within ourselves and in our relationships. Through a warm and patient presence, gentle curiosity, and deep compassion, I hope to offer you a sturdy container within which you can practice vulnerability and explore a full range of feelings. I hold an awareness that our pain, grief, anger, joy, and pleasure live in our bodies, and I believe paying attention to what happens in our bodies can increase our insight and agency. Integrating somatic and mindfulness practices into our work together supports this connection between body and mind.
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Photo of Victoria Blazejewski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Victoria Blazejewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
My ideal client is an individual or couple ready to do the work needed to achieve their goals and who desires a happy, healthy life. They may want to work through relationships or sexual problems due to my interest in couples and sex therapy.
My ideal client is an individual or couple ready to do the work needed to achieve their goals and who desires a happy, healthy life. They may want to work through relationships or sexual problems due to my interest in couples and sex therapy.
(267) 452-2225 View (267) 452-2225
Photo of Jennifer V. Hart, MA, LPC, E-RYT, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Jennifer V. Hart, MA, LPC, E-RYT
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, E-RYT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143  (Online Only)
If you're struggling to balance life, home, relationships, and your health, we have tools to help. If you feel anxious, stressed, overwhelmed or depressed, you've come to the right place. Our licensed Psychotherapist, Jennifer Hart, offers individual trauma informed psychotherapy services. Jennifer also offers workshops, speaking engagements and wellness consulta. She works with clients who experience anxiety, depression, and recovering from physical and/or psychological abuse. If you're yearning to establish and maintain harmony, clarity, and peace in your life and relationships reach out to us to schedule a consultation.
If you're struggling to balance life, home, relationships, and your health, we have tools to help. If you feel anxious, stressed, overwhelmed or depressed, you've come to the right place. Our licensed Psychotherapist, Jennifer Hart, offers individual trauma informed psychotherapy services. Jennifer also offers workshops, speaking engagements and wellness consulta. She works with clients who experience anxiety, depression, and recovering from physical and/or psychological abuse. If you're yearning to establish and maintain harmony, clarity, and peace in your life and relationships reach out to us to schedule a consultation.
(267) 651-0962 View (267) 651-0962
Photo of Sarah Amon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Sarah Amon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Sarah Amon is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2017. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson University. Sarah believes that people want to connect but struggle due to their past pains. She strives to be nonjudgmental, understanding, empathetic, and curious. Sarah will connect with a client’s pain, stress, and fears while identifying their strengths. Holding a stance of collaboration will help the building of connection and foster moments of understanding. In her spare time, Sarah enjoys planting, sewing, origami, beauty services, and reading.
Sarah Amon is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Pennsylvania who has been practicing since 2017. She graduated from Thomas Jefferson University. Sarah believes that people want to connect but struggle due to their past pains. She strives to be nonjudgmental, understanding, empathetic, and curious. Sarah will connect with a client’s pain, stress, and fears while identifying their strengths. Holding a stance of collaboration will help the building of connection and foster moments of understanding. In her spare time, Sarah enjoys planting, sewing, origami, beauty services, and reading.
(267) 728-4643 View (267) 728-4643
Photo of Jenny Sandler Psychotherapy LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Jenny Sandler Psychotherapy LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MEd
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19143
Most of my clients have some form of anxiety or depression. Often this is related to a difficulty with their family, partner(s) or colleagues. They want to feel secure and strong in the world and have better relationships. They are looking for meaning, relief, and self awareness. I see a lot of clients who need help getting over a breakup or navigating ENM. I view my clients as whole and complex beings who deserve to get to the root of their issues instead of treating symptoms one by one.
Most of my clients have some form of anxiety or depression. Often this is related to a difficulty with their family, partner(s) or colleagues. They want to feel secure and strong in the world and have better relationships. They are looking for meaning, relief, and self awareness. I see a lot of clients who need help getting over a breakup or navigating ENM. I view my clients as whole and complex beings who deserve to get to the root of their issues instead of treating symptoms one by one.
(215) 608-1815 View (215) 608-1815
Photo of Brian Hainstock, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Brian Hainstock
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19107
With nearly 30 years of experience doing psychotherapy and with a number of treatment approaches, we can create a working partnership that will help you address whatever is impeding your emotional growth. We welcome people from all walks of life and have experience working with a wide range of issues. In-house psychiatric evaluations and medication monitoring are also available (search for Dr Robert McFadden).
With nearly 30 years of experience doing psychotherapy and with a number of treatment approaches, we can create a working partnership that will help you address whatever is impeding your emotional growth. We welcome people from all walks of life and have experience working with a wide range of issues. In-house psychiatric evaluations and medication monitoring are also available (search for Dr Robert McFadden).
(267) 528-0937 View (267) 528-0937

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$143

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
64% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.