Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Andrea (Andie) J Karsh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Andrea (Andie) J Karsh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15208
Not accepting new clients
I facilitate people finding physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing and connection by building a safe and compassionate therapeutic relationship in which healing grief, trauma and challenges can be resolved. I support individuals becoming their fullest self in life and relationships through therapy, body/mind connection and stress management. I also enjoy providing Clinical Supervision to therapeutic professionals.
I facilitate people finding physical, emotional and spiritual wellbeing and connection by building a safe and compassionate therapeutic relationship in which healing grief, trauma and challenges can be resolved. I support individuals becoming their fullest self in life and relationships through therapy, body/mind connection and stress management. I also enjoy providing Clinical Supervision to therapeutic professionals.
(412) 207-3982 x2 View (412) 207-3982 x2
Photo of Calli Crouse, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Calli Crouse
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15211
Do you struggle with mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, or feeling out of step due to neurodivergence that affects your day-to-day life, relationships, ability to function, your work, or career? Do you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, frustrated, or lost by what it means to live up to someone else’s standards, just getting through the day, dealing with past pains, facing the future after a loss, or navigating a world that doesn’t always understand or accommodate your unique perspective? Do you question, wonder, or hope that life could be better, more fulfilling, or more understanding of your needs?
Do you struggle with mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, or feeling out of step due to neurodivergence that affects your day-to-day life, relationships, ability to function, your work, or career? Do you feel exhausted, overwhelmed, frustrated, or lost by what it means to live up to someone else’s standards, just getting through the day, dealing with past pains, facing the future after a loss, or navigating a world that doesn’t always understand or accommodate your unique perspective? Do you question, wonder, or hope that life could be better, more fulfilling, or more understanding of your needs?
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Photo of Rita G Drapkin, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Rita G Drapkin
Psychologist, PhD, CGP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Not accepting new clients
Do you want to better understand yourself and your relationships? Are you feeling stuck and unsure of how to move forward? Therapy can provide a place where you can freely express yourself and explore, without judgment, the obstacles that are preventing you from having a more satisfied life. I enjoy helping clients learn to listen to all of their feelings and let go of old patterns that once served them but no longer do. I offer support and challenge through the therapy relationship as people face their personal truths. I have openings for a new adult psychotherapy group but am not accepting new clients for individual therapy.
Do you want to better understand yourself and your relationships? Are you feeling stuck and unsure of how to move forward? Therapy can provide a place where you can freely express yourself and explore, without judgment, the obstacles that are preventing you from having a more satisfied life. I enjoy helping clients learn to listen to all of their feelings and let go of old patterns that once served them but no longer do. I offer support and challenge through the therapy relationship as people face their personal truths. I have openings for a new adult psychotherapy group but am not accepting new clients for individual therapy.
(724) 359-2749 View (724) 359-2749
Photo of Johanna Lux, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Johanna Lux
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217  (Online Only)
***NOW PROVIDING TELE-THERAPY***, as we navigate our mental health and keep ourselves, our families, and our communities healthy. Tele-therapy is simple and easy to use, and I will guide you through it. As a parent and therapist, I understand the challenges facing women today as they navigate the many obligations and demands in their lives. My practice focuses on women's issues including depression, anxiety, pregnancy/postpartum issues, poor prenatal diagnosis, balancing work and family life, role identity, trauma, and family and partner conflict.
***NOW PROVIDING TELE-THERAPY***, as we navigate our mental health and keep ourselves, our families, and our communities healthy. Tele-therapy is simple and easy to use, and I will guide you through it. As a parent and therapist, I understand the challenges facing women today as they navigate the many obligations and demands in their lives. My practice focuses on women's issues including depression, anxiety, pregnancy/postpartum issues, poor prenatal diagnosis, balancing work and family life, role identity, trauma, and family and partner conflict.
(412) 453-4246 View (412) 453-4246
Photo of Megan Schwemmer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Megan Schwemmer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Hello! Thank you for taking the time to search for a therapist. It can be overwhelming selecting a therapist and I appreciate you taking the first steps to do so. I am a passionate mental health clinician seeking motivated clients who are looking for change. I have four years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families in the community mental health setting including Wrap-around services and Family-Focused mental health. It is inspiring and motivating to see clients change and become the best versions of themselves.
Hello! Thank you for taking the time to search for a therapist. It can be overwhelming selecting a therapist and I appreciate you taking the first steps to do so. I am a passionate mental health clinician seeking motivated clients who are looking for change. I have four years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families in the community mental health setting including Wrap-around services and Family-Focused mental health. It is inspiring and motivating to see clients change and become the best versions of themselves.
(412) 960-1443 View (412) 960-1443
Photo of Alexa Stern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Alexa Stern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I utilize an embodied and integrated approach to support clients to heal from past wounds and improve current functioning. As a body-oriented therapist, I believe attending to posture, gesture, breath, tensions, voice, and movement can yield powerful insights and changes in how we experience ourselves and the world and facilitate the integration of body, mind and spirit toward fuller authentic living. Often, we need to encounter what we find within us to be deeply unacceptable, painful, and terrifying to be set free and transform. As a compassionate, supportive guide, I am humbled and honored to accompany my clients on this journey.
I utilize an embodied and integrated approach to support clients to heal from past wounds and improve current functioning. As a body-oriented therapist, I believe attending to posture, gesture, breath, tensions, voice, and movement can yield powerful insights and changes in how we experience ourselves and the world and facilitate the integration of body, mind and spirit toward fuller authentic living. Often, we need to encounter what we find within us to be deeply unacceptable, painful, and terrifying to be set free and transform. As a compassionate, supportive guide, I am humbled and honored to accompany my clients on this journey.
(724) 987-6963 View (724) 987-6963
Photo of Meagan Narvaez, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Meagan Narvaez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15210  (Online Only)
At times in our lives, sex and intimacy may not be a top priority. You might have a hard time expressing your desires, or knowing what those desires are in the first place! Does that resonate with you? If you’re in a relationship rut or you’ve simply never learned that sex is for YOUR pleasure, you might be feeling disconnected from your body. The root of these challenges is that sex is a skill, and society doesn’t teach us to hone in on our sexy, sensual side for our own benefit. When we struggle with sex or intimacy, we tend to go on struggling until it becomes overwhelming and we can’t avoid it any longer. Now, it’s time to grow.
At times in our lives, sex and intimacy may not be a top priority. You might have a hard time expressing your desires, or knowing what those desires are in the first place! Does that resonate with you? If you’re in a relationship rut or you’ve simply never learned that sex is for YOUR pleasure, you might be feeling disconnected from your body. The root of these challenges is that sex is a skill, and society doesn’t teach us to hone in on our sexy, sensual side for our own benefit. When we struggle with sex or intimacy, we tend to go on struggling until it becomes overwhelming and we can’t avoid it any longer. Now, it’s time to grow.
(412) 207-3868 View (412) 207-3868
Photo of Diane L Winter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Diane L Winter
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, BC-TMH, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15241  (Online Only)
**CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** **Now an out of state licensed registered telehealth professional in the state of Florida.** Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or pandemic related stress? Have you been meaning to make an appointment with a therapist for a while, but just haven't done it yet? I understand.... let's talk about it.
**CURRENTLY ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** **Now an out of state licensed registered telehealth professional in the state of Florida.** Are you struggling with anxiety, depression, or pandemic related stress? Have you been meaning to make an appointment with a therapist for a while, but just haven't done it yet? I understand.... let's talk about it.
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Photo of Laura Tanczos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Laura Tanczos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15235  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am licensed to provide therapy for adults who are experiencing a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, self esteem and relationship problems.
I am licensed to provide therapy for adults who are experiencing a variety of issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, self esteem and relationship problems.
(412) 228-0721 View (412) 228-0721
Photo of Jennifer L Newman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Jennifer L Newman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
"I am seeking. I am striving. I am in it with all my heart". - Vincent Van Gogh
"I am seeking. I am striving. I am in it with all my heart". - Vincent Van Gogh
(412) 259-3918 View (412) 259-3918
Photo of Kaitlyn Bonham, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Kaitlyn Bonham
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
Are you grappling with anxiety, fighting against depression, or searching for effective coping skills? You might be the person I picture, aiming for balanced emotional health. Your unique needs deserve understanding and support, especially with coping skills, managing depression, and overcoming anxiety. Your goal is straightforward – to find practical solutions and guidance for a happier, more fulfilling life. Let’s start this journey together, working together to achieve the positive changes you desire.
Are you grappling with anxiety, fighting against depression, or searching for effective coping skills? You might be the person I picture, aiming for balanced emotional health. Your unique needs deserve understanding and support, especially with coping skills, managing depression, and overcoming anxiety. Your goal is straightforward – to find practical solutions and guidance for a happier, more fulfilling life. Let’s start this journey together, working together to achieve the positive changes you desire.
(412) 883-4678 View (412) 883-4678
Photo of Dr. Brian J. Ferraccio, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Dr. Brian J. Ferraccio
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
*Please Assist Dr. F. in Most Efficiently Managing High Demand by Enrolling for Your Consult Directly @ “Pittsburgh-Therapist.com”* I know there are real reasons that led you here, together we can find real solutions. I will listen to your story & together we will work to resolve your unique challenges, step by step, at your pace. Recent events have been disruptive, unsettling, & traumatic. As a result, you may be facing new/intensified problems. I excel in aiding adults & teens who are exhausted, down, overwhelmed, irritable, anxious, survivors of trauma/abuse, and/or have problems relating to others. I look forward to meeting you.
*Please Assist Dr. F. in Most Efficiently Managing High Demand by Enrolling for Your Consult Directly @ “Pittsburgh-Therapist.com”* I know there are real reasons that led you here, together we can find real solutions. I will listen to your story & together we will work to resolve your unique challenges, step by step, at your pace. Recent events have been disruptive, unsettling, & traumatic. As a result, you may be facing new/intensified problems. I excel in aiding adults & teens who are exhausted, down, overwhelmed, irritable, anxious, survivors of trauma/abuse, and/or have problems relating to others. I look forward to meeting you.
(878) 216-7126 View (878) 216-7126
Photo of G Hoffer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
G Hoffer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15220
Not accepting new clients
I view therapy as an opportunity to better understand yourself as a whole along with addressing concerns in your life. When we take time to explore how we act, think, and feel we are able to access new parts of ourselves and new perspectives on life. The process of therapy can be powerful. I can offer this opportunity for you to explore yourself & possible changes in a safe, supportive, non-judgmental, & welcoming environment. I take a collaborative approach to therapy, which means YOU are the expert and we work together to offer you healing. I am happy to provide letters for gender affirming surgeries for Trans/GNC folx.
I view therapy as an opportunity to better understand yourself as a whole along with addressing concerns in your life. When we take time to explore how we act, think, and feel we are able to access new parts of ourselves and new perspectives on life. The process of therapy can be powerful. I can offer this opportunity for you to explore yourself & possible changes in a safe, supportive, non-judgmental, & welcoming environment. I take a collaborative approach to therapy, which means YOU are the expert and we work together to offer you healing. I am happy to provide letters for gender affirming surgeries for Trans/GNC folx.
(412) 339-1787 x4 View (412) 339-1787 x4
Photo of Dolores A Justice, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Dolores A Justice
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I believe everyone has the need to be seen and heard- everyone has a story to tell. I can support you with finding and using your voice. Maybe you are questioning past or present decisions or have “unfinished business.” Feeling overwhelmed with sadness due to a death or loss of a relationship, pet, job, or health and feeling stuck and alone. Feeling anxious because of excessive worry- feeling frozen in fear. Maybe you realize the ways you try to cope no longer serve you. Together we can collaborate, identify ways for you to self-support and develop a plan to mobilize so that you can begin healing and live a more fulfilling life.
I believe everyone has the need to be seen and heard- everyone has a story to tell. I can support you with finding and using your voice. Maybe you are questioning past or present decisions or have “unfinished business.” Feeling overwhelmed with sadness due to a death or loss of a relationship, pet, job, or health and feeling stuck and alone. Feeling anxious because of excessive worry- feeling frozen in fear. Maybe you realize the ways you try to cope no longer serve you. Together we can collaborate, identify ways for you to self-support and develop a plan to mobilize so that you can begin healing and live a more fulfilling life.
(412) 324-6738 View (412) 324-6738
Photo of Deja Wofford, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Deja Wofford
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15232
You're tired of feeling like your experiences are minimized and being told you're "using it as an excuse." You're mentally and physically exhausted from always feeling "other". You want to FINALLY be able to open up and talk about ALL of the pieces of your life because you can't continue carrying all of this shit around, but you're terrified of being judged. You know you engage in unhealthy patterns of behavior and self-talk, but you just can't seem to stop. You have "checked off the box" that you're "in therapy" in the past, but you need to do something different this time.
You're tired of feeling like your experiences are minimized and being told you're "using it as an excuse." You're mentally and physically exhausted from always feeling "other". You want to FINALLY be able to open up and talk about ALL of the pieces of your life because you can't continue carrying all of this shit around, but you're terrified of being judged. You know you engage in unhealthy patterns of behavior and self-talk, but you just can't seem to stop. You have "checked off the box" that you're "in therapy" in the past, but you need to do something different this time.
(412) 218-3007 View (412) 218-3007
Photo of Csilla Fischer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Csilla Fischer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15221
Not accepting new clients
I am a certified clinical trauma professional who can help you with anxiety or depression which is often rooted in childhood abuse, neglect and unmet developmental needs. I have worked in a large variety of settings, cultures and with various age groups. My therapeutic approach is eclectic. I utilize a variety of techniques and connect them with psycho-education. In addition I am a systemic constellation facilitator and a life-coach using family-system models to address (inherited) family trauma.
I am a certified clinical trauma professional who can help you with anxiety or depression which is often rooted in childhood abuse, neglect and unmet developmental needs. I have worked in a large variety of settings, cultures and with various age groups. My therapeutic approach is eclectic. I utilize a variety of techniques and connect them with psycho-education. In addition I am a systemic constellation facilitator and a life-coach using family-system models to address (inherited) family trauma.
(412) 567-6308 View (412) 567-6308
Photo of Andrea Schachner, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Andrea Schachner
Psychologist, PsyD, NCSP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15213  (Online Only)
My focus is to work with children and families to form caring and supportive relationships that are solution focused and trauma informed. I work with children and adolescents providing individual therapy, family therapy, psychological and psycho-educational assessments, and consultation. I utilize cognitive-behavior therapy and play interventions in the service of providing a safe environment in which clients can better understand themselves and their relationships in order to foster growth and success.
My focus is to work with children and families to form caring and supportive relationships that are solution focused and trauma informed. I work with children and adolescents providing individual therapy, family therapy, psychological and psycho-educational assessments, and consultation. I utilize cognitive-behavior therapy and play interventions in the service of providing a safe environment in which clients can better understand themselves and their relationships in order to foster growth and success.
(412) 214-8913 View (412) 214-8913
Photo of Daneya Lynn, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Daneya Lynn
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
My ideal client is introspective, honest, and engaged in doing the work necessary for personal growth. I am passionate about helping others heal from trauma, especially attachment trauma from childhood, and I believe that looking into your past can help you explore how you became the person you are today and grow into the person you want to be.
My ideal client is introspective, honest, and engaged in doing the work necessary for personal growth. I am passionate about helping others heal from trauma, especially attachment trauma from childhood, and I believe that looking into your past can help you explore how you became the person you are today and grow into the person you want to be.
(412) 312-3091 View (412) 312-3091
Photo of Joy B Krumenacker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Joy B Krumenacker
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
Not accepting new clients
Psychotherapy is a unique journey; a journey that I am committed to taking with you. My interests include working with interpersonal/relational issues as well as concerns related to identity, personality, sex/sexuality, anxiety, and trauma. I practice from a psychodynamic approach, personalized to meet the needs of each client. Our sessions together will assist you in developing a greater understanding of self and your interactions with others. I am currently offering individual sessions as well as supervision to pre-licensed professionals.
Psychotherapy is a unique journey; a journey that I am committed to taking with you. My interests include working with interpersonal/relational issues as well as concerns related to identity, personality, sex/sexuality, anxiety, and trauma. I practice from a psychodynamic approach, personalized to meet the needs of each client. Our sessions together will assist you in developing a greater understanding of self and your interactions with others. I am currently offering individual sessions as well as supervision to pre-licensed professionals.
(412) 927-0795 View (412) 927-0795
Photo of Amy A Morgano, Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Amy A Morgano
Counselor, MSEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15226  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
There are moments in life when we need help & support. Reaching out can be uncomfortable & scary, but it is also brave. Counseling can facilitate and help you move towards change. It is a chance to begin a new direction in life, one that enables fulfillment, contentment, and self-empowerment. Change & happiness are possible! Therapy can be short-term or long-term depending on the nature of your circumstances & needs. I look forward to speaking with you & discussing how I might be of assistance.
There are moments in life when we need help & support. Reaching out can be uncomfortable & scary, but it is also brave. Counseling can facilitate and help you move towards change. It is a chance to begin a new direction in life, one that enables fulfillment, contentment, and self-empowerment. Change & happiness are possible! Therapy can be short-term or long-term depending on the nature of your circumstances & needs. I look forward to speaking with you & discussing how I might be of assistance.
(412) 467-0683 View (412) 467-0683

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

60% In Person and Online
40% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.