Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Erika Ostrander, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Erika Ostrander
Counselor, MA, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor specializing in the treatment of Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, and Women’s Mental Health. I enjoy working with those who are looking for an integrative approach and would like to incorporate psychological, emotional, and physical wellness into their lives.
I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor specializing in the treatment of Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, and Women’s Mental Health. I enjoy working with those who are looking for an integrative approach and would like to incorporate psychological, emotional, and physical wellness into their lives.
(312) 239-8264 View (312) 239-8264
Photo of Shannon Degnan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Shannon Degnan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
My ideal client might struggle to claim who they are and express themselves. This client might be accustomed to running away from themselves and life, numbing out with behaviors like restricting/binging food, substances, sexual acting out, pornography, compulsive spending, excessive exercise or seeking a partner to be the solution. I would love to help you stop avoiding yourself and release the illusion of control that these behaviors offer, to shift gracefully into the swing of life as an authentic you. I work well with those who are seeking spirituality, improved connections, body acceptance and relief from trauma symptoms.
My ideal client might struggle to claim who they are and express themselves. This client might be accustomed to running away from themselves and life, numbing out with behaviors like restricting/binging food, substances, sexual acting out, pornography, compulsive spending, excessive exercise or seeking a partner to be the solution. I would love to help you stop avoiding yourself and release the illusion of control that these behaviors offer, to shift gracefully into the swing of life as an authentic you. I work well with those who are seeking spirituality, improved connections, body acceptance and relief from trauma symptoms.
(312) 786-5500 x104 View (312) 786-5500 x104
Photo of Maryellen Karas LaJeunesse, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Maryellen Karas LaJeunesse
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Transitions in life such as birth, illness, death, divorce, aging, or career change, can be exciting, but also, devastating, confusing or scary. There can be a variety of reactions to these challenges, and at times having to make choices can leave you feeling stuck or depressed, and unable to make a decision. My passion is guiding women through these life transitions with compassion, empathy, and support. As a Clinical Social Worker, I have learned how important it is to get to the heart of an issue and work toward resolutions, skills I learned working with patients experiencing life altering illnesses.
Transitions in life such as birth, illness, death, divorce, aging, or career change, can be exciting, but also, devastating, confusing or scary. There can be a variety of reactions to these challenges, and at times having to make choices can leave you feeling stuck or depressed, and unable to make a decision. My passion is guiding women through these life transitions with compassion, empathy, and support. As a Clinical Social Worker, I have learned how important it is to get to the heart of an issue and work toward resolutions, skills I learned working with patients experiencing life altering illnesses.
(872) 259-7870 View (872) 259-7870
Photo of Hilary Arnow in Chicago, IL
Hilary Arnow
MEd, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
I work with individuals and couples to deepen self-understanding, build upon strengths, understand unhelpful patterns, address challenges, and create new and more satisfying strategies for living.
I work with individuals and couples to deepen self-understanding, build upon strengths, understand unhelpful patterns, address challenges, and create new and more satisfying strategies for living.
(312) 487-2859 View (312) 487-2859
Photo of Gia Alkire, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Gia Alkire
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Are you ready to take your performance to the next level? Whether you're an athlete striving for excellence or simply facing the everyday hurdles of life, you've already shown incredible courage by seeking support. Welcome to a space where mind and body unite for your well-being. Feeling stuck? Overwhelmed? Anxious? You're not alone. But here's the thing – you're here, and that's the first step towards transformation. Let's dive into the reasons behind your journey and chart a course toward your goals, together.
Are you ready to take your performance to the next level? Whether you're an athlete striving for excellence or simply facing the everyday hurdles of life, you've already shown incredible courage by seeking support. Welcome to a space where mind and body unite for your well-being. Feeling stuck? Overwhelmed? Anxious? You're not alone. But here's the thing – you're here, and that's the first step towards transformation. Let's dive into the reasons behind your journey and chart a course toward your goals, together.
(312) 650-7913 View (312) 650-7913
Photo of Jose De Jesus Iniguez, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jose De Jesus Iniguez
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, PhD, LCPC, NCC, CADC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60623
Hello/Hola! I am a bilingual/bicultural (Spanish/English) Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC). I completed my Bachelor of Science in Family Social Services and Master of Science in Education with an emphasis in Counseling from Northern Illinois University (DeKalb), a Ph.D. in Community Psychology from National-Louis University, and a Master of Social Work (clinical) from the University of Illinois at Chicago. I am also a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC), National Certified Counselor (NCC), Certified Grief Informed Professional (CGIP), and Board Certified – Telemental Health Provider (BC-TMH).
Hello/Hola! I am a bilingual/bicultural (Spanish/English) Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC). I completed my Bachelor of Science in Family Social Services and Master of Science in Education with an emphasis in Counseling from Northern Illinois University (DeKalb), a Ph.D. in Community Psychology from National-Louis University, and a Master of Social Work (clinical) from the University of Illinois at Chicago. I am also a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC), National Certified Counselor (NCC), Certified Grief Informed Professional (CGIP), and Board Certified – Telemental Health Provider (BC-TMH).
(773) 232-4191 View (773) 232-4191
Photo of S Bibiana Adames, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
S Bibiana Adames
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60605  (Online Only)
I view psychotherapy as a collaborative partnership through which clients further develop and enhance their abilities and strengths. My hope is that clients become more cognizant of the internal and external elements that influence their well-being, and serve as energizers and/or drainers in their functioning across various settings. I work with clients to explore their wishes, clarify their goals, and create and implement plans to attain their objectives. In the process, I provide clients support and encouragement in a manner that is genuine, straightforward, thoughtful, and non-judgmental.
I view psychotherapy as a collaborative partnership through which clients further develop and enhance their abilities and strengths. My hope is that clients become more cognizant of the internal and external elements that influence their well-being, and serve as energizers and/or drainers in their functioning across various settings. I work with clients to explore their wishes, clarify their goals, and create and implement plans to attain their objectives. In the process, I provide clients support and encouragement in a manner that is genuine, straightforward, thoughtful, and non-judgmental.
(312) 757-7042 View (312) 757-7042
Photo of Kari Harrison, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kari Harrison
Counselor, MA, LCPC, CST
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
I believe that each client has a story to share, stemming from a diverse and unique background - and seek to hold clients in a safe, nurturing space that is truly their own. My conviction is that it is the relationship between the therapist and the client that is ultimately what heals, and when it works, it is immensely powerful. I am passionate about exploring ways to help clients discover their own resiliency and live more authentically in order to create the mental and emotional space to reach their fullest potential.
I believe that each client has a story to share, stemming from a diverse and unique background - and seek to hold clients in a safe, nurturing space that is truly their own. My conviction is that it is the relationship between the therapist and the client that is ultimately what heals, and when it works, it is immensely powerful. I am passionate about exploring ways to help clients discover their own resiliency and live more authentically in order to create the mental and emotional space to reach their fullest potential.
(773) 839-4563 View (773) 839-4563
Photo of Megan Hawksworth, Marriage & Family Therapist in Chicago, IL
Megan Hawksworth
Marriage & Family Therapist, MSMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist committed to treating individuals with a wide range of presenting issues, including but not limited to anxiety, depression, women's issues, and early relationship struggles/trauma. Trained in an integrative model, I tailor the treatment to fit each client's unique strengths and challenges. Moreover, I appreciate the need for efficient, cost-effective treatment, beginning with a focus on behavioral change and moving into analysis of emotion, thoughts, and past experiences only as needed.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist committed to treating individuals with a wide range of presenting issues, including but not limited to anxiety, depression, women's issues, and early relationship struggles/trauma. Trained in an integrative model, I tailor the treatment to fit each client's unique strengths and challenges. Moreover, I appreciate the need for efficient, cost-effective treatment, beginning with a focus on behavioral change and moving into analysis of emotion, thoughts, and past experiences only as needed.
(312) 548-1632 View (312) 548-1632
Photo of Sydney Rinehart, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Sydney Rinehart
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
As a trauma and couples therapist, I work with survivors of sexual and interpersonal violence and those impacted by traumatic generational cycles or systemic oppression. Depression, anxiety, issues with focus and attention, rumination, chronic pain, identity crisis, and relationship issues act as alarms that tell us things need to change. Seeking therapy can be an empowering first step in reclaiming trust in yourself, your body, and your relationships. In couples therapy, we will work on communication, rebuilding intimacy and sexuality, and creating security and stability while ditching social scripts that don't serve you anymore.
As a trauma and couples therapist, I work with survivors of sexual and interpersonal violence and those impacted by traumatic generational cycles or systemic oppression. Depression, anxiety, issues with focus and attention, rumination, chronic pain, identity crisis, and relationship issues act as alarms that tell us things need to change. Seeking therapy can be an empowering first step in reclaiming trust in yourself, your body, and your relationships. In couples therapy, we will work on communication, rebuilding intimacy and sexuality, and creating security and stability while ditching social scripts that don't serve you anymore.
(773) 825-8609 View (773) 825-8609
Photo of Dr. Erin Burrell, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Dr. Erin Burrell
Psychologist, PsyD, HSPP
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60626  (Online Only)
Are you feeling unfulfilled, stressed, or hopeless? Do you desire to find purpose, direction, or simply understand yourself better? Many of our feelings and thoughts are outside of our awareness and continue to influence our everyday choices. Left unattended, these feelings and thoughts can come out in unhealthy ways – often resulting in depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and/or low self-esteem. As a result, we can feel powerless to change our current circumstances and end up self-sabotaging what we want out of life.
Are you feeling unfulfilled, stressed, or hopeless? Do you desire to find purpose, direction, or simply understand yourself better? Many of our feelings and thoughts are outside of our awareness and continue to influence our everyday choices. Left unattended, these feelings and thoughts can come out in unhealthy ways – often resulting in depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and/or low self-esteem. As a result, we can feel powerless to change our current circumstances and end up self-sabotaging what we want out of life.
(219) 491-2077 View (219) 491-2077
Photo of Metamorphosis Therapeutic Group, LTD, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Metamorphosis Therapeutic Group, LTD
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, CADC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60605
Are you facing a change of life event such as, getting married, having a baby, making a career change or getting to that next level of personal development? Are you facing depression, anxiety or some other mental health challenge that is affecting the way you function in life? Whether it be adjusting to a new living arrangement such as blending families, anger management or the need for psychoeducation, I am your culturally competent therapist.
Are you facing a change of life event such as, getting married, having a baby, making a career change or getting to that next level of personal development? Are you facing depression, anxiety or some other mental health challenge that is affecting the way you function in life? Whether it be adjusting to a new living arrangement such as blending families, anger management or the need for psychoeducation, I am your culturally competent therapist.
(773) 923-2875 View (773) 923-2875
Photo of Adam Ouanes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Adam Ouanes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Finding a new therapist is daunting. If you’re here, then life is probably getting in the way. The ways you used to cope may have stopped working. You might feel stuck and unsure where you are going. My job is to guide you towards change and help you unbelieve false narratives about yourself that are holding you back. Much of my work is focused on working with LGBTQ people, self esteem and managing relationship issues. I also specialize in working with gay men in recovery from addiction. Additionally, I work with co-occurring mental health conditions such as trauma, anxiety, and depression.
Finding a new therapist is daunting. If you’re here, then life is probably getting in the way. The ways you used to cope may have stopped working. You might feel stuck and unsure where you are going. My job is to guide you towards change and help you unbelieve false narratives about yourself that are holding you back. Much of my work is focused on working with LGBTQ people, self esteem and managing relationship issues. I also specialize in working with gay men in recovery from addiction. Additionally, I work with co-occurring mental health conditions such as trauma, anxiety, and depression.
(312) 847-2442 View (312) 847-2442
Photo of Julie Josler, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Julie Josler
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625
Everyone needs support at some point & therapy should be a safe, comforting space, to explore your feelings & thoughts, both past & present. You have all the potential to identify & access the tools & strength you need to move forward. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, with more than 25 years of experience. I have been lucky to work in a wide variety of settings, including community mental health centers, hospitals, private practice, schools, as well in-home counseling. A volunteer job at a suicide prevention hotline when I was nineteen inspired a career helping people through their most difficult times.
Everyone needs support at some point & therapy should be a safe, comforting space, to explore your feelings & thoughts, both past & present. You have all the potential to identify & access the tools & strength you need to move forward. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, with more than 25 years of experience. I have been lucky to work in a wide variety of settings, including community mental health centers, hospitals, private practice, schools, as well in-home counseling. A volunteer job at a suicide prevention hotline when I was nineteen inspired a career helping people through their most difficult times.
(773) 389-2703 View (773) 389-2703
Photo of Vilte Baliutaviciute, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Vilte Baliutaviciute
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
I believe that clients are fundamentally trying their best to survive and thrive in the world as they understand it, and may need assistance in gaining new tools, new perspectives, or adapting to a new context. I am a member of and passionate about working with the disabled, kink/BDSM, and alterhuman & furry communities.
I believe that clients are fundamentally trying their best to survive and thrive in the world as they understand it, and may need assistance in gaining new tools, new perspectives, or adapting to a new context. I am a member of and passionate about working with the disabled, kink/BDSM, and alterhuman & furry communities.
(773) 923-3303 View (773) 923-3303
Photo of Leah Paskar, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Leah Paskar
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Are you feeling sad, anxious or overwhelmed? Are you experiencing relationship problems or feeling lonely? Asking for help is a courageous thing to do. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I offer a thoughtful, compassionate, and collaborative approach to dealing with life's difficulties. Together we can find solutions that will make you feel better as soon as possible. I can help you develop new coping strategies and a deeper understanding of your needs. I am committed to helping you use your strengths to grow personally and in your relationships with others. **Unfortunately, I am not able to accept new clients at this time.*
Are you feeling sad, anxious or overwhelmed? Are you experiencing relationship problems or feeling lonely? Asking for help is a courageous thing to do. As a licensed clinical psychologist, I offer a thoughtful, compassionate, and collaborative approach to dealing with life's difficulties. Together we can find solutions that will make you feel better as soon as possible. I can help you develop new coping strategies and a deeper understanding of your needs. I am committed to helping you use your strengths to grow personally and in your relationships with others. **Unfortunately, I am not able to accept new clients at this time.*
(773) 757-5095 View (773) 757-5095
Photo of Lisa Rife, LCSW llc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Lisa Rife, LCSW llc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
I have 21+ yrs experience working with individuals to develop a more meaningful life, facilitating personal growth & finding ways to manage difficult life situations. If you have anxiety/depression, we will identify patterns of thoughts/behaviors that impact your well-being & functioning. People come to therapy for many reasons; to improve communication skills, address trauma, establish boundaries, or understand who they are and their place in the world. if you are unsure of what you need out of therapy, we will work together to figure it out. I am easy to talk to & have a sense of humor. Licensed in IL & CO
I have 21+ yrs experience working with individuals to develop a more meaningful life, facilitating personal growth & finding ways to manage difficult life situations. If you have anxiety/depression, we will identify patterns of thoughts/behaviors that impact your well-being & functioning. People come to therapy for many reasons; to improve communication skills, address trauma, establish boundaries, or understand who they are and their place in the world. if you are unsure of what you need out of therapy, we will work together to figure it out. I am easy to talk to & have a sense of humor. Licensed in IL & CO
(312) 487-2693 View (312) 487-2693
Photo of Jonna Koenitzer, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chicago, IL
Jonna Koenitzer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Clients describe me as warm, relational, and transparent. Understanding your full experience and view is a priority. I use multiple modalities and incorporate the Finnish mindset into therapy. My current caseload includes couples, individuals already in couples therapy, individuals in transitional periods, and those seeking guidance in next steps. I also work with teens, late in life ADHD/ASD diagnoses, and those tackling cultural stressors.
Clients describe me as warm, relational, and transparent. Understanding your full experience and view is a priority. I use multiple modalities and incorporate the Finnish mindset into therapy. My current caseload includes couples, individuals already in couples therapy, individuals in transitional periods, and those seeking guidance in next steps. I also work with teens, late in life ADHD/ASD diagnoses, and those tackling cultural stressors.
(773) 341-2626 View (773) 341-2626
Photo of Ezza Mustaffa, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ezza Mustaffa
Counselor, MEd, LCPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
Hi, I'm Ezza and I'm so glad that you are here. My life’s work is to understand and strengthen human relationships, and to help others live an authentic and a meaningful life. As your therapist, my aim is to offer you a safe space to explore things in your life that may or may not be going well and become an active participant in your life. One of the ways that you will experience therapy with me is that it is a collaborative process aimed at getting you to notice, bring attention, and slow down especially when the world urges all of us to numb, ignore, distract, or speed up.
Hi, I'm Ezza and I'm so glad that you are here. My life’s work is to understand and strengthen human relationships, and to help others live an authentic and a meaningful life. As your therapist, my aim is to offer you a safe space to explore things in your life that may or may not be going well and become an active participant in your life. One of the ways that you will experience therapy with me is that it is a collaborative process aimed at getting you to notice, bring attention, and slow down especially when the world urges all of us to numb, ignore, distract, or speed up.
(773) 249-2921 x6 View (773) 249-2921 x6
Photo of Jamie N. Wichman, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Jamie N. Wichman, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60622  (Online Only)
Societal norms, social oppression, and even loved ones can contribute to us feeling like we are not enough. This can have a significant impact on our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, and our negative automatic thoughts can be persistent and isolating. They can affect the way we approach others and how we navigate the world.
Societal norms, social oppression, and even loved ones can contribute to us feeling like we are not enough. This can have a significant impact on our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, and our negative automatic thoughts can be persistent and isolating. They can affect the way we approach others and how we navigate the world.
(872) 201-3556 View (872) 201-3556

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.