Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

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Photo of Sandra Anderson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Sandra Anderson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LADC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55439
I find myself gravitating towards a person-centered approach with a strong curiosity for what the client finds most helpful to them. I have a strong passion for helping others live more happily and fully in their bodies and lives. I utilize holistic, somatic, and sensorimotor practices with my clients. In addition to my psychotherapy practice, I am also a certified trauma informed yoga instructor. I believe that when healing from mental health, addiction and other difficulties, it is essential to include the body into the treatment process.
I find myself gravitating towards a person-centered approach with a strong curiosity for what the client finds most helpful to them. I have a strong passion for helping others live more happily and fully in their bodies and lives. I utilize holistic, somatic, and sensorimotor practices with my clients. In addition to my psychotherapy practice, I am also a certified trauma informed yoga instructor. I believe that when healing from mental health, addiction and other difficulties, it is essential to include the body into the treatment process.
(952) 243-5559 View (952) 243-5559
Photo of Catherine Rye, Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Catherine Rye
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55419
I believe when working with people you must look at all aspects of their being; the mental, biological, emotional, spiritual, and cultural to address issues being experienced. Our work as therapists is to work as guides, along with the client, to explore deeper issues that are manifesting in their lives. I seek to find an integrative approach with each client that best fits their needs. Providing a safe and empathetic environment, informed by mindfulness, Polyvagal Theory, and other therapeutic theories and methods, I work to empower and develop skills that provide positive change in client’s lives.
I believe when working with people you must look at all aspects of their being; the mental, biological, emotional, spiritual, and cultural to address issues being experienced. Our work as therapists is to work as guides, along with the client, to explore deeper issues that are manifesting in their lives. I seek to find an integrative approach with each client that best fits their needs. Providing a safe and empathetic environment, informed by mindfulness, Polyvagal Theory, and other therapeutic theories and methods, I work to empower and develop skills that provide positive change in client’s lives.
(612) 712-5848 View (612) 712-5848
Photo of Kathleen A Sullivan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Kathleen A Sullivan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416
Now accepting new clients for my "Contemplating Retirement" Group and for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy! Navigating the world can be exhilarating and challenging. I am passionate about supporting you in thriving, not just surviving. I am here to listen, to care, to celebrate joys and support struggles. I will encourage and empower you to embrace your strengths, engage meaningfully, and live your life authentically.
Now accepting new clients for my "Contemplating Retirement" Group and for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy! Navigating the world can be exhilarating and challenging. I am passionate about supporting you in thriving, not just surviving. I am here to listen, to care, to celebrate joys and support struggles. I will encourage and empower you to embrace your strengths, engage meaningfully, and live your life authentically.
(612) 416-1292 View (612) 416-1292
Photo of Stefanie Dearman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Stefanie Dearman
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416
Waitlist for new clients
Overall, I would say that I am just a human who enjoys helping other humans no matter who they are or what problems they are navigating in life. Some of the most prevalent diagnoses I have worked with include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. I am passionate about working with individuals who are part of the LGBTQIA2+ community or are questioning any part of their identity. I also have a passion for supporting individuals have experienced religious or spiritual trauma and helping them unpack and overcome the unique challenges it can cause.
Overall, I would say that I am just a human who enjoys helping other humans no matter who they are or what problems they are navigating in life. Some of the most prevalent diagnoses I have worked with include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. I am passionate about working with individuals who are part of the LGBTQIA2+ community or are questioning any part of their identity. I also have a passion for supporting individuals have experienced religious or spiritual trauma and helping them unpack and overcome the unique challenges it can cause.
(612) 324-4368 View (612) 324-4368
Photo of T Aaron Ridge, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
T Aaron Ridge
Psychologist, MS, LP, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55414
I have been a psychologist for 30 yrs working with individuals, couples, and families. I work with each client to identify what is causing their current problems and how we can restore optimal growth and health. I use many of the most effective psychotherapy methods for relieving anxiety, depression, and trauma-a comprehensive Mind-Body approach.
I have been a psychologist for 30 yrs working with individuals, couples, and families. I work with each client to identify what is causing their current problems and how we can restore optimal growth and health. I use many of the most effective psychotherapy methods for relieving anxiety, depression, and trauma-a comprehensive Mind-Body approach.
(763) 334-5856 View (763) 334-5856
Photo of Krista Schaefer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Krista Schaefer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LADC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Are you considering making a change to your substance use or problem behavior? I specialize in working with clients who either don't want to pursue the typical rehab approach or who have tried it and want something different. Many clients come to me because they're looking for an alternative to typical treatment. I provide guidance to clients as they change their lives while still being able to manage responsibilities at home and work. Most of my clients are working professionals who are looking to make lasting change. I frequently work with couples & families as they navigate problems related to disconnection or problem behavior.
Are you considering making a change to your substance use or problem behavior? I specialize in working with clients who either don't want to pursue the typical rehab approach or who have tried it and want something different. Many clients come to me because they're looking for an alternative to typical treatment. I provide guidance to clients as they change their lives while still being able to manage responsibilities at home and work. Most of my clients are working professionals who are looking to make lasting change. I frequently work with couples & families as they navigate problems related to disconnection or problem behavior.
(763) 334-6287 View (763) 334-6287
Photo of Kristine Zappa, Licensed Professional Counselor in Minneapolis, MN
Kristine Zappa
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, R-DMT
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55407  (Online Only)
As a somatic, trauma-informed, and person-centered therapist, I take a holistic approach to therapy. My clients tend to have a history of complex trauma that impacts both their relationships with others and their relationship with themselves. I'll support you in uncovering underlying patterns and finding relief from experiences such as relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and feelings of low self-worth, as well as help you move through life with patterns that feel more aligned with your goals. From a somatic perspective, I safely incorporate body awareness on the path towards greater self-confidence and empowerment.
As a somatic, trauma-informed, and person-centered therapist, I take a holistic approach to therapy. My clients tend to have a history of complex trauma that impacts both their relationships with others and their relationship with themselves. I'll support you in uncovering underlying patterns and finding relief from experiences such as relationship issues, depression, anxiety, and feelings of low self-worth, as well as help you move through life with patterns that feel more aligned with your goals. From a somatic perspective, I safely incorporate body awareness on the path towards greater self-confidence and empowerment.
(612) 778-4084 View (612) 778-4084
Photo of Dr. Kevin McKittrick, Psychologist in Minneapolis, MN
Dr. Kevin McKittrick
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55424
I’m Dr. Kevin McKittrick. As a pediatric neuropsychologist, I provide comprehensive neuropsychological assessments for children and adolescents with cognitive, developmental, and learning challenges. While certain diagnostic labels (e.g., dyslexia, ADHD) may result from the evaluation, I strive to go beyond these labels and describe each client’s unique learning strengths and challenges to ensure they have access to needed supports across settings.
I’m Dr. Kevin McKittrick. As a pediatric neuropsychologist, I provide comprehensive neuropsychological assessments for children and adolescents with cognitive, developmental, and learning challenges. While certain diagnostic labels (e.g., dyslexia, ADHD) may result from the evaluation, I strive to go beyond these labels and describe each client’s unique learning strengths and challenges to ensure they have access to needed supports across settings.
(952) 260-8592 View (952) 260-8592
Photo of Tessa Anttila, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Tessa Anttila
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55413
Hello! What is bringing you to therapy? For many, it's feeling lost, confused, hurt and disconnected from ourselves and the world around us. We can come to feel lost and disconnected because of trauma or stress (either in this lifetime or in your lineage) that hasn’t been digested in our body/mind. It can happen from living in an increasingly lonely and disconnected world. I would like to support you in finding connection and meaning in life so you can experience satisfying relationships with yourself, friends, family and the natural world around you. This is what being alive is about!
Hello! What is bringing you to therapy? For many, it's feeling lost, confused, hurt and disconnected from ourselves and the world around us. We can come to feel lost and disconnected because of trauma or stress (either in this lifetime or in your lineage) that hasn’t been digested in our body/mind. It can happen from living in an increasingly lonely and disconnected world. I would like to support you in finding connection and meaning in life so you can experience satisfying relationships with yourself, friends, family and the natural world around you. This is what being alive is about!
(612) 482-6488 View (612) 482-6488
Photo of Sherraine Grinion, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Sherraine Grinion
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MHC-LP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55415
My policy is, come as you are, in whatever state that may be. Are you going through what feels like a never-ending cycle of intrusive thoughts? Do you often find yourself stuck in an anxious loop, that eventually leaves you stuck and unable to make decisions? Whatever the concerns are, I can help stabilize your mind and find solutions to maintain a general sense of well-being and mental clarity. Usually this starts with addressing our emotions, bringing ourselves to a calm place in order to acknowledge the problems. Big problems are usually small at first, no matter how trivial they are, and it’s completely okay to talk about them!
My policy is, come as you are, in whatever state that may be. Are you going through what feels like a never-ending cycle of intrusive thoughts? Do you often find yourself stuck in an anxious loop, that eventually leaves you stuck and unable to make decisions? Whatever the concerns are, I can help stabilize your mind and find solutions to maintain a general sense of well-being and mental clarity. Usually this starts with addressing our emotions, bringing ourselves to a calm place in order to acknowledge the problems. Big problems are usually small at first, no matter how trivial they are, and it’s completely okay to talk about them!
(651) 390-1679 View (651) 390-1679
Photo of Kim M Grantier, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Kim M Grantier
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, ATR-P
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Using art we will uncover your strengths and passions for you to live your life with joy and purpose. The answers are already within. Let's find them together.
Using art we will uncover your strengths and passions for you to live your life with joy and purpose. The answers are already within. Let's find them together.
(612) 482-7376 View (612) 482-7376
Photo of Rosie Shayna Math, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Rosie Shayna Math
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55416
Hi! My name is Rosie. My pronouns are she/they. In my therapy practice, I work with children and teens between the ages of 4 to 18, and families. My focus is working with individuals who have experienced struggles related to anxiety and mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, learning disabilities, attachment disruption, changes in the family system, adjustment to stressors, and the impacts of chronic stress and trauma, as well as identify development.
Hi! My name is Rosie. My pronouns are she/they. In my therapy practice, I work with children and teens between the ages of 4 to 18, and families. My focus is working with individuals who have experienced struggles related to anxiety and mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, learning disabilities, attachment disruption, changes in the family system, adjustment to stressors, and the impacts of chronic stress and trauma, as well as identify development.
(952) 900-4067 View (952) 900-4067
Photo of David Swarthout, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
David Swarthout
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403
Psychotherapy involves working together to build connections where safe communication can occur. Most of my patients seek a guide, confidant, teacher, or objective bystander who can help identify difficulties in relationships & devise strategies/build skills to help them cope with struggles in life. I work primarily w/ adolescents/young adults who struggle with "launching" into the adult world of school & work, with adults who have a hard time managing pain & chronic health problems, with people who have struggles related to sexual health, and with people experiencing grief & loss. Contact me directly via my office cell number at (612) 396-6949.
Psychotherapy involves working together to build connections where safe communication can occur. Most of my patients seek a guide, confidant, teacher, or objective bystander who can help identify difficulties in relationships & devise strategies/build skills to help them cope with struggles in life. I work primarily w/ adolescents/young adults who struggle with "launching" into the adult world of school & work, with adults who have a hard time managing pain & chronic health problems, with people who have struggles related to sexual health, and with people experiencing grief & loss. Contact me directly via my office cell number at (612) 396-6949.
(612) 223-6436 View (612) 223-6436
Photo of MindBalance Mental Health Care, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
MindBalance Mental Health Care
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, LPCC
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55419
We aim to empower individuals and create opportunities for wholeness through anti-oppressive holistic practices. Our inclusive approach extends to ALL individuals with a targeted focus on providing support and services to those who identify as part of any of the following communities: BIPOC, QTBIPOC, LGBTQIA+2S, Adoptee, and First/Second Gen Immigrants.
We aim to empower individuals and create opportunities for wholeness through anti-oppressive holistic practices. Our inclusive approach extends to ALL individuals with a targeted focus on providing support and services to those who identify as part of any of the following communities: BIPOC, QTBIPOC, LGBTQIA+2S, Adoptee, and First/Second Gen Immigrants.
(612) 688-3245 View (612) 688-3245
Photo of Solstice Therapy and Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Solstice Therapy and Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55408
We have current availability - email us to schedule a consultation call! If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious or depressed, we are here to support you. Therapists at Solstice Therapy and Wellness will hold space, and collaborate with you to work towards meaningful change, improved self-care, healthy relationships, valued living, and more joy.
We have current availability - email us to schedule a consultation call! If you are feeling overwhelmed, anxious or depressed, we are here to support you. Therapists at Solstice Therapy and Wellness will hold space, and collaborate with you to work towards meaningful change, improved self-care, healthy relationships, valued living, and more joy.
(612) 482-2115 View (612) 482-2115
Photo of Alex Subbaraman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Alex Subbaraman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55417  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I understand that finding a therapist can feel unsafe for many and am committed to creating an inquisitive & affirming therapeutic space. I enjoy working with people who may be navigating transitions, exploring their identities, and looking to understand themselves. I am a biracial (South Indian/white) woman and my parents moved to the US in the late 80's. I often work with individuals who are Asian, multiracial, queer, and/or first generation on resolving dilemmas unique to experiences such as assimilation, isolation, identity formation, and more.
I understand that finding a therapist can feel unsafe for many and am committed to creating an inquisitive & affirming therapeutic space. I enjoy working with people who may be navigating transitions, exploring their identities, and looking to understand themselves. I am a biracial (South Indian/white) woman and my parents moved to the US in the late 80's. I often work with individuals who are Asian, multiracial, queer, and/or first generation on resolving dilemmas unique to experiences such as assimilation, isolation, identity formation, and more.
(612) 429-4715 View (612) 429-4715
Photo of Jac Stringer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Jac Stringer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55403  (Online Only)
I am a trans-genderqueer femme, disabled radical activist & social worker. I practice trauma-focused feminist therapy exclusively for trans youth & young adults ages 13-25. I provide healthcare letters for all ages, youth and adults, in one 30 min session. My specialties surround gender & sexuality, & trauma survivors experiencing depression, bipolar, anxiety, self-harm, suicidality, disability, chronic pain, multiples/alters, dissociation, sexual assault, & histories with abuse & violence. I am body, sex, & kink positive, poly-inclusive, value accountability, & recognize the intersectional impact of systematic oppression.
I am a trans-genderqueer femme, disabled radical activist & social worker. I practice trauma-focused feminist therapy exclusively for trans youth & young adults ages 13-25. I provide healthcare letters for all ages, youth and adults, in one 30 min session. My specialties surround gender & sexuality, & trauma survivors experiencing depression, bipolar, anxiety, self-harm, suicidality, disability, chronic pain, multiples/alters, dissociation, sexual assault, & histories with abuse & violence. I am body, sex, & kink positive, poly-inclusive, value accountability, & recognize the intersectional impact of systematic oppression.
(612) 439-2225 View (612) 439-2225
Photo of Julia Rodriguez, Pre-Licensed Professional in Minneapolis, MN
Julia Rodriguez
Pre-Licensed Professional, LGSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55408
Hello there! I'm glad you're here. I believe we all deserve healing, and welcome clients from diverse identities and backgrounds. Whether there is processing needed for the past, or the present, I want to provide a space where you feel comfortable and safe to be a human, with all of your emotions and experiences. I am dedicated to breaking down barriers and ensuring that language is not a hindrance to accessing quality mental health support. I practice in English, Spanish, or both :)
Hello there! I'm glad you're here. I believe we all deserve healing, and welcome clients from diverse identities and backgrounds. Whether there is processing needed for the past, or the present, I want to provide a space where you feel comfortable and safe to be a human, with all of your emotions and experiences. I am dedicated to breaking down barriers and ensuring that language is not a hindrance to accessing quality mental health support. I practice in English, Spanish, or both :)
View
Photo of Juliana Keen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Juliana Keen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Minneapolis, MN 55419
Are you scrolling, overwhelmed, anxious, or having difficulty moving forward? Are your own life experiences, combined with the current state of the world, making it difficult to experience joy and find meaning? Perhaps a sense of panic is increasing, making it difficult to focus. Despite these feelings, maybe you have a stubborn belief that life can be more vibrant. There is an openness to doing inner work in order to live a more authentic life that is more connected with others.
Are you scrolling, overwhelmed, anxious, or having difficulty moving forward? Are your own life experiences, combined with the current state of the world, making it difficult to experience joy and find meaning? Perhaps a sense of panic is increasing, making it difficult to focus. Despite these feelings, maybe you have a stubborn belief that life can be more vibrant. There is an openness to doing inner work in order to live a more authentic life that is more connected with others.
(612) 405-0622 View (612) 405-0622
Photo of Terri Flansburg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Minneapolis, MN
Terri Flansburg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Minneapolis, MN 55422
I have over a decade of experience as a Psychotherapist, helping clients recover from trauma, manage anxious and depressive symptoms, deconstruct their faith systems, reduce destructive behavioral patterns, sort through charged memories, and deal with their complicated in-laws. I have an eclectic approach, and I specialize in utilizing EMDR, IFS, and CBT frameworks. I truly believe everything is connected, both internally and externally. Thus, it is imperative to account for the 'whole person' in order for therapy to be effective. I also think it's important to laugh once in a while.
I have over a decade of experience as a Psychotherapist, helping clients recover from trauma, manage anxious and depressive symptoms, deconstruct their faith systems, reduce destructive behavioral patterns, sort through charged memories, and deal with their complicated in-laws. I have an eclectic approach, and I specialize in utilizing EMDR, IFS, and CBT frameworks. I truly believe everything is connected, both internally and externally. Thus, it is imperative to account for the 'whole person' in order for therapy to be effective. I also think it's important to laugh once in a while.
(612) 261-1702 View (612) 261-1702

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Minneapolis, MN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Minneapolis, MN who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

84% BlueCross and BlueShield
71% UCare
67% Aetna

How Therapists in Minneapolis, MN see their clients

73% In Person and Online
27% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
21% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Minneapolis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.