Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Robert Wynne, Ph.D., MFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Robert Wynne, Ph.D., MFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Not accepting new clients
My therapeutic approach is warm, respectful, active, engaged, compassionate and focused. My clinical framework is guided by convictions that individuals possess intrinsic drives toward health, happiness and love. When this inner wisdom becomes obscured by life's struggles, or when a child's development sways off course, I provide a space to reflect, regain perspective, and help individuals make adaptive choices and coping strategies that lend to greater fulfillment in play, school, work and relationships.
My therapeutic approach is warm, respectful, active, engaged, compassionate and focused. My clinical framework is guided by convictions that individuals possess intrinsic drives toward health, happiness and love. When this inner wisdom becomes obscured by life's struggles, or when a child's development sways off course, I provide a space to reflect, regain perspective, and help individuals make adaptive choices and coping strategies that lend to greater fulfillment in play, school, work and relationships.
(628) 877-8714 View (628) 877-8714
Photo of Mariana Diaz, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Mariana Diaz
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT, SUDRC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
There may be so many painful and powerful memories that brought you here, stringing along with them the thoughts and emotions that continue to have a negative toll on your daily life. You disconnect, you zone out, you freeze, you run. You may have asked yourself, “Why can’t I just let all of this go and move on?” People in your life may have asked you the same question. Maybe you already tried to take care of the issue yourself, you tried going down so many different avenues to heal and you worked doing so. I’d like to honor that. Now you’re here, trying a different path. So, let’s let's try something new. We'll travel together.
There may be so many painful and powerful memories that brought you here, stringing along with them the thoughts and emotions that continue to have a negative toll on your daily life. You disconnect, you zone out, you freeze, you run. You may have asked yourself, “Why can’t I just let all of this go and move on?” People in your life may have asked you the same question. Maybe you already tried to take care of the issue yourself, you tried going down so many different avenues to heal and you worked doing so. I’d like to honor that. Now you’re here, trying a different path. So, let’s let's try something new. We'll travel together.
(415) 862-1544 View (415) 862-1544
Photo of Anett Atman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Anett Atman
Psychologist, PhD, Jungian, Analyst
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Crises and painful emotions can be the beginning of a journey toward transformation and wisdom. If you are looking for a deeper and more connected sense of yourself, and fulfillment in life, then you may be ready for a commitment to the therapeutic process. I believe my empathic presence - the capacity to hear, see and feel a situation from the other person's vantage point- is central to the healing process. Within such a safe relationship the patient can develop an open attitude toward the unconscious; exploration of the meaning and purpose of one's life can unfold.
Crises and painful emotions can be the beginning of a journey toward transformation and wisdom. If you are looking for a deeper and more connected sense of yourself, and fulfillment in life, then you may be ready for a commitment to the therapeutic process. I believe my empathic presence - the capacity to hear, see and feel a situation from the other person's vantage point- is central to the healing process. Within such a safe relationship the patient can develop an open attitude toward the unconscious; exploration of the meaning and purpose of one's life can unfold.
(415) 801-0057 View (415) 801-0057
Photo of Jean Choi, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jean Choi
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am a licensed clinical psychologist (CA, CO, & RI) with extensive experience providing counseling since 2002, specializing in individual therapy.  My approach is warm, collaborative, and direct.  My focus is on providing a supportive and interactive dialogue with you to remove blocks, build upon strengths and resilience, and foster self-attunement to live more authentically and to attain the personal growth you are seeking.  I draw from psychodynamic depth psychology, neuropsychological sciences, multicultural awareness, EMDR, and mindfulness based practices to address your unique background and place in your life's journey.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist (CA, CO, & RI) with extensive experience providing counseling since 2002, specializing in individual therapy.  My approach is warm, collaborative, and direct.  My focus is on providing a supportive and interactive dialogue with you to remove blocks, build upon strengths and resilience, and foster self-attunement to live more authentically and to attain the personal growth you are seeking.  I draw from psychodynamic depth psychology, neuropsychological sciences, multicultural awareness, EMDR, and mindfulness based practices to address your unique background and place in your life's journey.
(415) 687-2868 View (415) 687-2868
Photo of Amy Vienna Golsong, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Amy Vienna Golsong
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94122
Welcome! Are you navigating a significant life event, a time of change or transformation? Therapy can support you - this journey is not one you need to do alone. I create a space that encourages exploration, is radically free of judgement and expectation. Together we can slow down enough to hear and listen to your inner wisdom where the answers and next steps that are right for you can be found.
Welcome! Are you navigating a significant life event, a time of change or transformation? Therapy can support you - this journey is not one you need to do alone. I create a space that encourages exploration, is radically free of judgement and expectation. Together we can slow down enough to hear and listen to your inner wisdom where the answers and next steps that are right for you can be found.
(415) 870-8851 View (415) 870-8851
Photo of David Guarnieri, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
David Guarnieri
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
Whether you're seeking therapy to address a specific concern or simply to engage in a personal exploration, the therapeutic process can help increase insight, decrease anxiety and painful emotions, identify healthier coping strategies, and deepen relationships. Since finding the right therapist can be a challenging process, I encourage you to check out my website for additional information to help determine how I may be a good fit for your needs. Together, we will work to identify and nurture your personal strengths, equipping you with coping resources that empower you to navigate the challenges of daily life and relationships.
Whether you're seeking therapy to address a specific concern or simply to engage in a personal exploration, the therapeutic process can help increase insight, decrease anxiety and painful emotions, identify healthier coping strategies, and deepen relationships. Since finding the right therapist can be a challenging process, I encourage you to check out my website for additional information to help determine how I may be a good fit for your needs. Together, we will work to identify and nurture your personal strengths, equipping you with coping resources that empower you to navigate the challenges of daily life and relationships.
(628) 266-2115 View (628) 266-2115
Photo of Lara Curry, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lara Curry
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
My name is Lara Curry. I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I've helped people struggling with anxiety, depression, alcohol use, relationship issues, and relapse prevention. I employ EMDR, Family Systems, Psychodynamic, Trauma-focused, and Solution-focused brief therapy modalities. I assume anyone seeking psychotherapy genuinely desires to help sort out the difficulties in their lives. I try to work as a co-investigator to understand the issues and help explain how they evolved and how to resolve them in an informal, caring partnership with my clients.
My name is Lara Curry. I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I've helped people struggling with anxiety, depression, alcohol use, relationship issues, and relapse prevention. I employ EMDR, Family Systems, Psychodynamic, Trauma-focused, and Solution-focused brief therapy modalities. I assume anyone seeking psychotherapy genuinely desires to help sort out the difficulties in their lives. I try to work as a co-investigator to understand the issues and help explain how they evolved and how to resolve them in an informal, caring partnership with my clients.
(661) 271-6194 View (661) 271-6194
Photo of Randi Myrseth, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Randi Myrseth
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
In the spirit of kindness and compassion we will sit together and explore the changes you are seeking and the habitual patterns and behaviors that may no longer serve you. I might help you to: Discover and release emotional and relational wounds; Alleviate depression, hopelessness, anxiety or mood instability; Face life transitions in employment, relationships, health or aging; Deal with loss and grief; Resolve issues with drug and alcohol dependence; Navigate parenting issues; Develop more satisfying communication and intimacy in relationships with others and with yourself, emerging from dissatisfaction to find fulfillment.
In the spirit of kindness and compassion we will sit together and explore the changes you are seeking and the habitual patterns and behaviors that may no longer serve you. I might help you to: Discover and release emotional and relational wounds; Alleviate depression, hopelessness, anxiety or mood instability; Face life transitions in employment, relationships, health or aging; Deal with loss and grief; Resolve issues with drug and alcohol dependence; Navigate parenting issues; Develop more satisfying communication and intimacy in relationships with others and with yourself, emerging from dissatisfaction to find fulfillment.
(415) 871-0053 View (415) 871-0053
Photo of Private Practice of Saloomeh Nakh Saz, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Private Practice of Saloomeh Nakh Saz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
Welcome to a journey of transformation and empowerment. I am a seasoned therapist committed to guiding professionals and couples through the intricate maze of anxiety, the nuances of relationship dynamics, and the shadows of past traumas. With a profound blend of deep empathy and strategic insight, I create a sanctuary for healing—a space where personal growth and resilience are not just goals but tangible realities. My practice is rooted in cultural sensitivity and grounded in evidence-based methodologies. This approach ensures that every individual who walks through my doors feels deeply understood and immensely valued.
Welcome to a journey of transformation and empowerment. I am a seasoned therapist committed to guiding professionals and couples through the intricate maze of anxiety, the nuances of relationship dynamics, and the shadows of past traumas. With a profound blend of deep empathy and strategic insight, I create a sanctuary for healing—a space where personal growth and resilience are not just goals but tangible realities. My practice is rooted in cultural sensitivity and grounded in evidence-based methodologies. This approach ensures that every individual who walks through my doors feels deeply understood and immensely valued.
(415) 802-0286 View (415) 802-0286
Photo of Cera Mae Arthur-Carmody, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Cera Mae Arthur-Carmody
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Feeling stuck? Struggling to navigate transitions and change? Want to set healthy boundaries in your relationships? I'm here to support you in your journey ahead! I specialize in supporting teens, young adults, and adults navigate change, embrace new beginnings, and build healthier relationships. Let's partner together to explore how your unique gifts can guide you towards a life aligned with your values!
Feeling stuck? Struggling to navigate transitions and change? Want to set healthy boundaries in your relationships? I'm here to support you in your journey ahead! I specialize in supporting teens, young adults, and adults navigate change, embrace new beginnings, and build healthier relationships. Let's partner together to explore how your unique gifts can guide you towards a life aligned with your values!
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Photo of Tracy LaRue Yalom, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Tracy LaRue Yalom
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
My approach is interpersonal, both psychodynamically and existentially informed. I have been in practice for over 20 years. In my early years, I was supervised by Dr. Irvin Yalom, and he has been highly influential in my work. I believe my strengths include an ability to genuinely connect with patients in an empathic and non-judgmental manner. I help my patients explore deeper issues and patterns underlying persistent unhappiness, as well as navigate life's hurdles that may feel overwhelming.
My approach is interpersonal, both psychodynamically and existentially informed. I have been in practice for over 20 years. In my early years, I was supervised by Dr. Irvin Yalom, and he has been highly influential in my work. I believe my strengths include an ability to genuinely connect with patients in an empathic and non-judgmental manner. I help my patients explore deeper issues and patterns underlying persistent unhappiness, as well as navigate life's hurdles that may feel overwhelming.
(415) 915-2340 View (415) 915-2340
Photo of Jules Osborne, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jules Osborne
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118
Are you tired of feeling that your anxiety/depression is in the driver’s seat and your innate creativity is held captive in the trunk? Are you ready for your anxiety/depression to take a back seat and choose what drives you - to feel creative, playful and confident. I am an expert in supporting creative folx who are feeling stuck, anxious, and alone and with no outlet, to feel seen and heard, and give expression to unspoken parts of themselves, to get clear on their needs, wants and their truth. Moving from a place of unbearable pain and stuckness to living full, creative, purpose-driven lives.
Are you tired of feeling that your anxiety/depression is in the driver’s seat and your innate creativity is held captive in the trunk? Are you ready for your anxiety/depression to take a back seat and choose what drives you - to feel creative, playful and confident. I am an expert in supporting creative folx who are feeling stuck, anxious, and alone and with no outlet, to feel seen and heard, and give expression to unspoken parts of themselves, to get clear on their needs, wants and their truth. Moving from a place of unbearable pain and stuckness to living full, creative, purpose-driven lives.
(628) 244-4271 View (628) 244-4271
Photo of Rachael A. Henderson, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachael A. Henderson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I began my master's training in 2014, and I have worked with individuals and their families struggling with depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and seizure disorders.
I began my master's training in 2014, and I have worked with individuals and their families struggling with depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and seizure disorders.
(415) 539-2643 View (415) 539-2643
Photo of John Kim, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
John Kim
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
I treat depression, anxiety, couple conflicts, motivation issues, and career issues. I hope to help you get from getting by to getting well, to get from mere coping to full on thriving.
I treat depression, anxiety, couple conflicts, motivation issues, and career issues. I hope to help you get from getting by to getting well, to get from mere coping to full on thriving.
(415) 991-6471 View (415) 991-6471
Photo of Christina A. Rodriguez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Christina A. Rodriguez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I welcome individual adults, parenting couples and teens into my private practice. My clients often wish to discuss improving their mood, increasing performance at work/school, identifying problems in relationships, exploring their gender identity and establishing healthy screen time/social media habits. With all clients, my initial goal is to offer a safe, non-judgemental space in which we can discover what facets of life most impact them, and how. The goal of my therapies is always to unravel with clients how they arrived in the stressful circumstances they currently inhabit, and how to work on reducing emotional pain.
I welcome individual adults, parenting couples and teens into my private practice. My clients often wish to discuss improving their mood, increasing performance at work/school, identifying problems in relationships, exploring their gender identity and establishing healthy screen time/social media habits. With all clients, my initial goal is to offer a safe, non-judgemental space in which we can discover what facets of life most impact them, and how. The goal of my therapies is always to unravel with clients how they arrived in the stressful circumstances they currently inhabit, and how to work on reducing emotional pain.
(415) 527-0414 View (415) 527-0414
Photo of Linda M Bartlett, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Linda M Bartlett
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
I enjoy working with motivated, well-educated, intelligent people. I help identify what troubles them and work toward understanding and addressing how these difficulties prevent them from experiencing satisfying relationships and making change in their lives. I am an experienced therapist who is direct, collaborative and can help you move toward a potential that's not being reached. I have a nursing / medical background that facilitates my comfort in working within the medical professions, emergency & paramedic services. I have years of experience with those who work in law enforcement and have been chronically traumatized.
I enjoy working with motivated, well-educated, intelligent people. I help identify what troubles them and work toward understanding and addressing how these difficulties prevent them from experiencing satisfying relationships and making change in their lives. I am an experienced therapist who is direct, collaborative and can help you move toward a potential that's not being reached. I have a nursing / medical background that facilitates my comfort in working within the medical professions, emergency & paramedic services. I have years of experience with those who work in law enforcement and have been chronically traumatized.
(415) 483-1287 View (415) 483-1287
Photo of Shanon Sitkin, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Shanon Sitkin
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
I work with people who are interested in discovering patterns of relating to themselves and others that keep them from feeling satisfied in life. I believe that when a person seeks help they do so because they can't figure things out on their own. In a sense, you have suffered enough and you are wanting change. Therapy is hard work and we can resist change even when we think we want it. My job is to help you understand what is getting in the way.
I work with people who are interested in discovering patterns of relating to themselves and others that keep them from feeling satisfied in life. I believe that when a person seeks help they do so because they can't figure things out on their own. In a sense, you have suffered enough and you are wanting change. Therapy is hard work and we can resist change even when we think we want it. My job is to help you understand what is getting in the way.
(415) 980-7682 View (415) 980-7682
Photo of Caitlin Torres Graham, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Caitlin Torres Graham
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life can feel like a big knot of different colored threads that can include overcoming trauma, life transitions, relationship issues and identity. My goal is to work with you to untangle that knot to improve your sense of wellbeing, insight, self-compassion and coping techniques. I know that doing this self work can be overwhelming, so I value a transparent, trusting and collaborative relationship with my clients. I have extensive experience working with trauma, intergenerational family dynamics and trauma, ethnic identity issues, self esteem, body image issues, grief, loss, anxiety, depression, and life transitions.
Life can feel like a big knot of different colored threads that can include overcoming trauma, life transitions, relationship issues and identity. My goal is to work with you to untangle that knot to improve your sense of wellbeing, insight, self-compassion and coping techniques. I know that doing this self work can be overwhelming, so I value a transparent, trusting and collaborative relationship with my clients. I have extensive experience working with trauma, intergenerational family dynamics and trauma, ethnic identity issues, self esteem, body image issues, grief, loss, anxiety, depression, and life transitions.
(415) 754-7843 View (415) 754-7843
Photo of Dr. Demi Orozco, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Demi Orozco
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
As a clinical psychologist who is passionate about establishing meaningful relationships, I am excited to be launching my practice to establish care for individuals and families. I have availability to work with children, adolescents, and adults with an aim to provide treatment with a focus on the corresponding developmental stages. I invite those who would like support in live’s issues that have a minoritized influence in a space that is open and accepting of these complexities.
As a clinical psychologist who is passionate about establishing meaningful relationships, I am excited to be launching my practice to establish care for individuals and families. I have availability to work with children, adolescents, and adults with an aim to provide treatment with a focus on the corresponding developmental stages. I invite those who would like support in live’s issues that have a minoritized influence in a space that is open and accepting of these complexities.
(415) 649-5998 View (415) 649-5998
Photo of Heather L Bornfeld, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Heather L Bornfeld
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
Not accepting new clients
In therapy, establishing a strong rapport and a collaborative relationship with you is central to my approach, because it is ultimately you who holds the essential knowledge of Self. Individuals and problems are unique; sometimes solution oriented approaches are warranted, and other times insight and exploration help to provide clarification and relief. With support, compassion, and curiosity, you can begin to expand a self-awareness that will help you live authentically.
In therapy, establishing a strong rapport and a collaborative relationship with you is central to my approach, because it is ultimately you who holds the essential knowledge of Self. Individuals and problems are unique; sometimes solution oriented approaches are warranted, and other times insight and exploration help to provide clarification and relief. With support, compassion, and curiosity, you can begin to expand a self-awareness that will help you live authentically.
(415) 800-4552 View (415) 800-4552

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.