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Photo of Brianna Dorris, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Del Valle, TX
Brianna Dorris
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 73301  (Online Only)
I work from a relational, person-centered and psychodynamic framework, utilizing Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) and parts work.
Hi there. Life is hard. All of us deserve someone in our corner helping us navigate it. That is my hope to be for you. I offer trauma-informed therapy to a wide range of populations and ages. My focus is working with those with complex PTSD, chronic suicidal ideation, dissociative disorders, relationship dysfunction, and chronic illnesses. I've been honored to have clinical experience working with combat veterans and their spouses, first responders, teen survivors of sex trafficking, and victims of childhood abuse. In addition to providing virtual therapy, I work in the Mental Health department at a county jail.
I work from a relational, person-centered and psychodynamic framework, utilizing Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR) and parts work.
Hi there. Life is hard. All of us deserve someone in our corner helping us navigate it. That is my hope to be for you. I offer trauma-informed therapy to a wide range of populations and ages. My focus is working with those with complex PTSD, chronic suicidal ideation, dissociative disorders, relationship dysfunction, and chronic illnesses. I've been honored to have clinical experience working with combat veterans and their spouses, first responders, teen survivors of sex trafficking, and victims of childhood abuse. In addition to providing virtual therapy, I work in the Mental Health department at a county jail.
(936) 245-8417 View (936) 245-8417
Photo of Lizzy Rand, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Lizzy Rand
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78741  (Online Only)
My work is informed by an integrative approach, drawing from mindfulness-based, psychodynamic, CBT, and ACT practices.
There are moments in life when we feel stressed, lost, or overwhelmed. Feeling alone in our struggles can be disheartening. Whether you’ve come to this place because life circumstances have shifted, the day-to-day feels too strenuous to manage, or you’re hurting in some way, we all have unique strengths that can help us navigate these challenges. Therapy is one way to foster those strengths, and when we are given a warm and trusting therapeutic space, we can often find harmony and solutions to our struggles. I focus on helping individuals with anxiety, depression, stress, shame, grief, life transitions, or relationship struggles.
My work is informed by an integrative approach, drawing from mindfulness-based, psychodynamic, CBT, and ACT practices.
There are moments in life when we feel stressed, lost, or overwhelmed. Feeling alone in our struggles can be disheartening. Whether you’ve come to this place because life circumstances have shifted, the day-to-day feels too strenuous to manage, or you’re hurting in some way, we all have unique strengths that can help us navigate these challenges. Therapy is one way to foster those strengths, and when we are given a warm and trusting therapeutic space, we can often find harmony and solutions to our struggles. I focus on helping individuals with anxiety, depression, stress, shame, grief, life transitions, or relationship struggles.
(512) 883-7350 View (512) 883-7350
Photo of Kelly Pastori, Licensed Professional Counselor in Del Valle, TX
Kelly Pastori
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78704
At the heart of my work, I approach therapy from a relational, psychodynamic therapy model, which means I believe the relationship between the client and therapist can be a transformative component in the growth process. I am a LPC combining modern neurobiology with holistic somatic healing, the psychodynamic therapeutic relationship, and body-based practices to create an experiential awakening on a bodily, psychological and emotional level. I work from a somatic-centered therapeutic approach, meaning that I believe that the body tells the stories and narratives. For more information, my website is: www.kellypastori.com
At the heart of my work, I approach therapy from a relational, psychodynamic therapy model, which means I believe the relationship between the client and therapist can be a transformative component in the growth process. I am a LPC combining modern neurobiology with holistic somatic healing, the psychodynamic therapeutic relationship, and body-based practices to create an experiential awakening on a bodily, psychological and emotional level. I work from a somatic-centered therapeutic approach, meaning that I believe that the body tells the stories and narratives. For more information, my website is: www.kellypastori.com
(512) 598-5003 View (512) 598-5003
Photo of Catherine Flores, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Catherine Flores
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 73301  (Online Only)
I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
Finding the right therapist can be a challenging task! Whether this is your first time in therapy or you are returning for additional guidance, rest assured my approach is to see and value you as a unique individual and determine what approach will be best for you. I have been a clinical social worker for 22 years and I look forward to sharing in your life journey!
I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
Finding the right therapist can be a challenging task! Whether this is your first time in therapy or you are returning for additional guidance, rest assured my approach is to see and value you as a unique individual and determine what approach will be best for you. I have been a clinical social worker for 22 years and I look forward to sharing in your life journey!
(832) 324-3529 View (832) 324-3529
Photo of Kristin Lenihan, Psychologist in Del Valle, TX
Kristin Lenihan
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78701
I use an integrative approach, incorporating techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), Motivational Interviewing (MI) and psychodynamic approaches, among others.
There are times when life presents us with situations that feel practically impossible to navigate alone. We may try to take matters into our own hands, ask advice from friends and family or simply avoid the issue altogether, but the feelings persist. We become stuck and often hopeless. You do not have to struggle alone. In making the decision to go to therapy, you are taking a brave first step toward change, healing and self-love. At Revitalize Psychotherapy, I offer you a safe, unbiased space to express your feelings and gain support and guidance. It is an honor for me join you on your journey to balance, well-being and joy!
I use an integrative approach, incorporating techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), Motivational Interviewing (MI) and psychodynamic approaches, among others.
There are times when life presents us with situations that feel practically impossible to navigate alone. We may try to take matters into our own hands, ask advice from friends and family or simply avoid the issue altogether, but the feelings persist. We become stuck and often hopeless. You do not have to struggle alone. In making the decision to go to therapy, you are taking a brave first step toward change, healing and self-love. At Revitalize Psychotherapy, I offer you a safe, unbiased space to express your feelings and gain support and guidance. It is an honor for me join you on your journey to balance, well-being and joy!
(512) 877-1623 View (512) 877-1623
Photo of Christina Alanis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Christina Alanis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78744
Hi, I'm Christina and I believe that seeking help is a great first step toward making positive changes in your life. I am here to walk along side you, empower you, and collaboratively develop treatment plans and goals tailored specifically for you. Modalities I often use in my practice include, but are not limited to: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic, Compassion Focused, and Solution Focused. I provide a safe and supportive environment and truly want to listen to what you have to say. I am here to listen with compassion, empathy, and without judgement.
Hi, I'm Christina and I believe that seeking help is a great first step toward making positive changes in your life. I am here to walk along side you, empower you, and collaboratively develop treatment plans and goals tailored specifically for you. Modalities I often use in my practice include, but are not limited to: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychodynamic, Compassion Focused, and Solution Focused. I provide a safe and supportive environment and truly want to listen to what you have to say. I am here to listen with compassion, empathy, and without judgement.
(806) 450-5337 View (806) 450-5337
Photo of Lauren McGee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Lauren McGee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 73344
Her practice draws from her training thus far in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Psychodynamic theories.
Lauren is passionate about partnering with clients to work toward client goals, facilitate personal refection, enhance overall well-being, and increase the ability to manage and cope with challenging circumstances, life transitions, relationship difficulties, self-esteem issues, and a range of mental health conditions. She hopes to assist clients in cultivating a deeper understanding of themselves, their emotions, and their thinking patterns. As a clinician, Lauren aspires to create a therapeutic relationship and environment in which clients of all backgrounds and lived experiences consistently feel safe, supported, and heard.
Her practice draws from her training thus far in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and Psychodynamic theories.
Lauren is passionate about partnering with clients to work toward client goals, facilitate personal refection, enhance overall well-being, and increase the ability to manage and cope with challenging circumstances, life transitions, relationship difficulties, self-esteem issues, and a range of mental health conditions. She hopes to assist clients in cultivating a deeper understanding of themselves, their emotions, and their thinking patterns. As a clinician, Lauren aspires to create a therapeutic relationship and environment in which clients of all backgrounds and lived experiences consistently feel safe, supported, and heard.
(512) 877-6552 View (512) 877-6552
Photo of Kathryn Miller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Kathryn Miller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD, CCTP
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78701
As a Solution-Focused, Gottman Cert. Therapist, I aim to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. We will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions by applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques. With 30 years of experience, and a Board Certified Diplomate, I must earn double the amount of continuing education as other therapists with an LCSW. My passion has become couples therapy, and I have recently become an " expert" in the field.
As a Solution-Focused, Gottman Cert. Therapist, I aim to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. We will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions by applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques. With 30 years of experience, and a Board Certified Diplomate, I must earn double the amount of continuing education as other therapists with an LCSW. My passion has become couples therapy, and I have recently become an " expert" in the field.
(210) 762-6087 View (210) 762-6087
Photo of Kim Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Kim Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78704
Hi, I'm Kim! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 14 years of clinical experience providing psychotherapy & counseling for highly-motivated adults and clients experiencing stress, life transitions, relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety, and grief & loss. I often use CBT, Mindfulness-Based CBT, Solution-Focused therapy, and Humanistic therapy in my work. I believe that it is my pleasure to support clients in overcoming obstacles to living happier and more satisfying lives.
Hi, I'm Kim! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 14 years of clinical experience providing psychotherapy & counseling for highly-motivated adults and clients experiencing stress, life transitions, relationship difficulties, depression, anxiety, and grief & loss. I often use CBT, Mindfulness-Based CBT, Solution-Focused therapy, and Humanistic therapy in my work. I believe that it is my pleasure to support clients in overcoming obstacles to living happier and more satisfying lives.
(469) 772-5791 View (469) 772-5791
The IOPs at Counseling Solutions
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 73344
Eating Disorders , Addiction Recovery (SUDS) , Trauma IOPs are available here. We are not your traditional treatment center. Our Intensive Outpatient Programs and Center is owned by therapists and run by therapists. Our priority is the client and their wellness. Located on ten acres outside of Killeen, Texas, we use an integrative approach with numerous evidence-based therapies designed specifically for the individual's success. The incoming IOP client needs a higher level of care than someone attending therapy weekly. We offer 12-15 hours a week of intense treatments while the client lives at home. The family system is included.
Eating Disorders , Addiction Recovery (SUDS) , Trauma IOPs are available here. We are not your traditional treatment center. Our Intensive Outpatient Programs and Center is owned by therapists and run by therapists. Our priority is the client and their wellness. Located on ten acres outside of Killeen, Texas, we use an integrative approach with numerous evidence-based therapies designed specifically for the individual's success. The incoming IOP client needs a higher level of care than someone attending therapy weekly. We offer 12-15 hours a week of intense treatments while the client lives at home. The family system is included.
(254) 279-0714 View (254) 279-0714
Photo of Alexis Huth, Marriage & Family Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Alexis Huth
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 73344  (Online Only)
Do you desire to be authentically seen and heard? Are you seeking a safe therapeutic space, and support in your journey of growth? I strive to offer individuals like yourself a safe space to show up as your genuine and authentic self and be met exactly where you are. We will partner together to identify your unique and desired treatment goals, and take steps to actualize the life you aspire to live. Much of my clinical work has been working with individuals suffering from symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, substance use, ADHD, eating disorders, adjustment issues, relational conflict, and thought disorders.
Do you desire to be authentically seen and heard? Are you seeking a safe therapeutic space, and support in your journey of growth? I strive to offer individuals like yourself a safe space to show up as your genuine and authentic self and be met exactly where you are. We will partner together to identify your unique and desired treatment goals, and take steps to actualize the life you aspire to live. Much of my clinical work has been working with individuals suffering from symptoms of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, substance use, ADHD, eating disorders, adjustment issues, relational conflict, and thought disorders.
(619) 376-2631 View (619) 376-2631
Photo of Eva Herriman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Del Valle, TX
Eva Herriman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78741  (Online Only)
I take a holistic, eclectic approach to mental health by adapting to the needs of each individual. As a clinician, I've had the privilege of working with both children and adults in various treatment settings including alternative education, residential care, non-profit, community mental health, and mobile crisis intervention. These experiences have shaped my compassionate and non-directive style. I believe that you are the expert on your lived experience. As we work together, I promise to provide a safe, confidential, and non-judgmental space where your will be heard, validated, and unconditionally regarded. Feel free to reach out!
I take a holistic, eclectic approach to mental health by adapting to the needs of each individual. As a clinician, I've had the privilege of working with both children and adults in various treatment settings including alternative education, residential care, non-profit, community mental health, and mobile crisis intervention. These experiences have shaped my compassionate and non-directive style. I believe that you are the expert on your lived experience. As we work together, I promise to provide a safe, confidential, and non-judgmental space where your will be heard, validated, and unconditionally regarded. Feel free to reach out!
(512) 894-8468 View (512) 894-8468
Photo of Alive Austin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Del Valle, TX
Alive Austin
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78724
Why Us? Alive Austin is creating a new paradigm for what's possible with regard to your healing... With 15+ therapists, we will have a match for you. On our website, you can virtually meet all of our therapists. Set up an initial consult(s) at no charge. Switch therapists for any reason. It's your healing...it should be your choice. With our diversity and depth of expertise, you will receive informed, current, comprehensive services. Our goal is for you to achieve the maximum benefits possible, in the shortest amount of time, and at the lowest cost.
Why Us? Alive Austin is creating a new paradigm for what's possible with regard to your healing... With 15+ therapists, we will have a match for you. On our website, you can virtually meet all of our therapists. Set up an initial consult(s) at no charge. Switch therapists for any reason. It's your healing...it should be your choice. With our diversity and depth of expertise, you will receive informed, current, comprehensive services. Our goal is for you to achieve the maximum benefits possible, in the shortest amount of time, and at the lowest cost.
(512) 686-4831 View (512) 686-4831
Photo of Kristen Crossen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Kristen Crossen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78747  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stressed? Overwhelmed with various aspects of your life? Are you looking to make a change, but are not sure where to begin? If you answered yes, you are in the right place! Kristen will assist you in taking the first steps toward achieving your personal goals, and continue to support you along your journey to wellness.
Are you feeling stressed? Overwhelmed with various aspects of your life? Are you looking to make a change, but are not sure where to begin? If you answered yes, you are in the right place! Kristen will assist you in taking the first steps toward achieving your personal goals, and continue to support you along your journey to wellness.
(774) 345-9506 View (774) 345-9506
Photo of Talk. Listen. Grow. , Marriage & Family Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Talk. Listen. Grow.
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 73301  (Online Only)
I am Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with active licenses in Ohio, Hawai'i, & Texas. I am a trauma informed practitioner with 9 years of experience in Zen and Integral Psychotherapy, and training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Internal Family Systems. I am Safe Zone trained and affirming of all gender identities & expressions. I am experienced in supporting the LGBTQ+ community, and other communities of diverse relational norms. I am skilled in healing religious trauma and renewing spiritual connection.
I am Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist with active licenses in Ohio, Hawai'i, & Texas. I am a trauma informed practitioner with 9 years of experience in Zen and Integral Psychotherapy, and training in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Internal Family Systems. I am Safe Zone trained and affirming of all gender identities & expressions. I am experienced in supporting the LGBTQ+ community, and other communities of diverse relational norms. I am skilled in healing religious trauma and renewing spiritual connection.
(380) 204-9444 View (380) 204-9444
Photo of Bill Bruzy, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Del Valle, TX
Bill Bruzy
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MHS, LCDC, PLLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78702  (Online Only)
I've focused my practice on substance use issues and addictive problems in people lives. For years I worked with women in eating disorders treatment utilizing an addictions model. Later I focused on men, and substance use disorders. Problems can stem from using drugs as an unproductive coping skill to a deeper more physiologically based problem. Our first job together is to find what your specific problem looks like and then find a way forward that's suited to your needs. In addition I also offer services evaluating clients for Substance Use Disorders in Family Law and Criminal cases.
I've focused my practice on substance use issues and addictive problems in people lives. For years I worked with women in eating disorders treatment utilizing an addictions model. Later I focused on men, and substance use disorders. Problems can stem from using drugs as an unproductive coping skill to a deeper more physiologically based problem. Our first job together is to find what your specific problem looks like and then find a way forward that's suited to your needs. In addition I also offer services evaluating clients for Substance Use Disorders in Family Law and Criminal cases.
(512) 790-5970 View (512) 790-5970
Photo of Heather Teel, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Heather Teel
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78702
I believe in therapy. It helps us become unstuck, freeing us to move closer towards our goals and who we want to be. It allows us to begin healing from our past and transforms how we feel and act in our current relationships. It gives us support in times of crisis and stress, allowing us to become even more resilient in the future. And it frees us from habitual patterns that cause suffering in our lives.
I believe in therapy. It helps us become unstuck, freeing us to move closer towards our goals and who we want to be. It allows us to begin healing from our past and transforms how we feel and act in our current relationships. It gives us support in times of crisis and stress, allowing us to become even more resilient in the future. And it frees us from habitual patterns that cause suffering in our lives.
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Photo of Meghan Garcia, LPC Intern in Del Valle, TX
Meghan Garcia
LPC Intern, MEd, LPC-A
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 73344  (Online Only)
It makes perfect sense that you're exhausted. You spend much of your time thinking about what could go wrong or what others are thinking. You feel energy crashes throughout the day, your mind chatters at night, and your dreams are so vivid that it leaves you restless. It seems as though you and your partner can never see eye-to-eye, and when you're not arguing with them, you're wrestling with issues with your parents. You've spent much of your life taking care of others - walking on eggshells, afraid of judgement, constantly questioning if you're good enough - I know this because I've lived it. Now is the time to take care of YOU.
It makes perfect sense that you're exhausted. You spend much of your time thinking about what could go wrong or what others are thinking. You feel energy crashes throughout the day, your mind chatters at night, and your dreams are so vivid that it leaves you restless. It seems as though you and your partner can never see eye-to-eye, and when you're not arguing with them, you're wrestling with issues with your parents. You've spent much of your life taking care of others - walking on eggshells, afraid of judgement, constantly questioning if you're good enough - I know this because I've lived it. Now is the time to take care of YOU.
(956) 405-6740 View (956) 405-6740
Photo of Shay Zimmer LCSW-S, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Del Valle, TX
Shay Zimmer LCSW-S
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78702
While experiencing pain is a part of the human experience, long term suffering does not have to be. Life brings with it a rich and vast set of experiences which can include complex and confusing family dynamics, navigating relationships, death of a loved one or an animal, an end of a relationship or friendship and existential questions around who we are, what our purpose(s) are in life and why we matter. For some people these existential questions and the emotions that accompany them have come closer to awareness in the face of climate change.
While experiencing pain is a part of the human experience, long term suffering does not have to be. Life brings with it a rich and vast set of experiences which can include complex and confusing family dynamics, navigating relationships, death of a loved one or an animal, an end of a relationship or friendship and existential questions around who we are, what our purpose(s) are in life and why we matter. For some people these existential questions and the emotions that accompany them have come closer to awareness in the face of climate change.
(512) 872-3072 View (512) 872-3072
Photo of Rebecca Ramming, Licensed Professional Counselor in Del Valle, TX
Rebecca Ramming
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, CGP
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78702
Are you struggling with recent personal or societal events, past or present traumas or losses, life transitions, or general life stressors? Do you need help navigating how to deal with these things in a productive, meaningful, or healthy way? Then you have come to the right place and I am happy you are here. We can expect to experience at least one or all of the above issues at some point in our lives, but we are not expected to endure them alone. I enjoy helping people who are struggling with grief, anxiety, boundaries, life transitions, & illness to name a few; while providing a warm, safe space for you to be authentic and heard.
Are you struggling with recent personal or societal events, past or present traumas or losses, life transitions, or general life stressors? Do you need help navigating how to deal with these things in a productive, meaningful, or healthy way? Then you have come to the right place and I am happy you are here. We can expect to experience at least one or all of the above issues at some point in our lives, but we are not expected to endure them alone. I enjoy helping people who are struggling with grief, anxiety, boundaries, life transitions, & illness to name a few; while providing a warm, safe space for you to be authentic and heard.
(844) 948-3889 View (844) 948-3889

See more therapy options for Del Valle

Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.