Photo of Stephanie Beaton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Stephanie Beaton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375  (Online Only)
My practice draws from a variety of fields including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Self Compassion, Mindfulness, Positive Psychology, and Psychodynamic Therapy from a trauma-sensitive approach.
My primary goal as a therapist is to assist you in achieving your goals and support you through any adversities that may come your way. Therapy is not a “one size fits all” approach—each client is unique and has different techniques that work and do not work to achieve their goals. I am passionate and dedicated to the mental health field, and I believe each client is more than their symptoms and should be treated with dignity and respect. I graduated with a BA in Psychology and received my MSW from the University of Michigan, where I specialized in the area of Interpersonal Practice with a concentration in Mental Health.
My practice draws from a variety of fields including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Self Compassion, Mindfulness, Positive Psychology, and Psychodynamic Therapy from a trauma-sensitive approach.
My primary goal as a therapist is to assist you in achieving your goals and support you through any adversities that may come your way. Therapy is not a “one size fits all” approach—each client is unique and has different techniques that work and do not work to achieve their goals. I am passionate and dedicated to the mental health field, and I believe each client is more than their symptoms and should be treated with dignity and respect. I graduated with a BA in Psychology and received my MSW from the University of Michigan, where I specialized in the area of Interpersonal Practice with a concentration in Mental Health.
(313) 789-3604 View (313) 789-3604
Photo of Rebekah Greilick, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Novi, MI
Rebekah Greilick
Limited Licensed Psychologist, TLLP
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375
Hello, and welcome! My name is Rebekah, and finding the right therapist for you is the most important step in your healing journey. A lot happens during therapy, but my general style of therapy is client-centered and psychodynamic, meaning that you, the client, are the expert in your own life. My job is to ask the right questions and to hold a no-judgment space for you in session.
Hello, and welcome! My name is Rebekah, and finding the right therapist for you is the most important step in your healing journey. A lot happens during therapy, but my general style of therapy is client-centered and psychodynamic, meaning that you, the client, are the expert in your own life. My job is to ask the right questions and to hold a no-judgment space for you in session.
(248) 453-7234 View (248) 453-7234
Photo of Priya K Rao, Psychologist in Novi, MI
Priya K Rao
Psychologist, PhD, JD
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375
I am trained in using modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Brief Solution-Focused therapy, Psychodynamic therapy, Behavior Modification, and Marital Counseling.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years of experience providing psychotherapy and psychological testing services to adults, adolescents, children, and couples. I have a special interest in working with mood disorders, anxiety/trauma/stress disorders, adjustment issues, ADHD, behavioral/school issues, learning disabilities, family conflict, race/gender issues, grief/loss therapy, abuse, domestic violence, custody/forensic issues, psychosis, and marital/couples issues. I also perform return to work and custody evaluations
I am trained in using modalities like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Brief Solution-Focused therapy, Psychodynamic therapy, Behavior Modification, and Marital Counseling.
I am a licensed Clinical Psychologist with over 20 years of experience providing psychotherapy and psychological testing services to adults, adolescents, children, and couples. I have a special interest in working with mood disorders, anxiety/trauma/stress disorders, adjustment issues, ADHD, behavioral/school issues, learning disabilities, family conflict, race/gender issues, grief/loss therapy, abuse, domestic violence, custody/forensic issues, psychosis, and marital/couples issues. I also perform return to work and custody evaluations
(248) 989-3005 View (248) 989-3005
Photo of Maribeth P Janer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Maribeth P Janer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48374  (Online Only)
I have a private practice working with individuals, couples and families. I also work extensively with teens and children. My primary focus is working with stress, anxiety disorders and depression; however, I also work with addictions, eating disorders, parenting issues and basic conflict resolution . I follow a cognitive/behavioral approach for anxiety and depression, as well as a psychodynamic approach in other areas. My goal is to help my clients develop a clearer understanding of their feelings, thoughts and emotions, and then begin to work to make positive, life-enhancing changes in their lives.
I have a private practice working with individuals, couples and families. I also work extensively with teens and children. My primary focus is working with stress, anxiety disorders and depression; however, I also work with addictions, eating disorders, parenting issues and basic conflict resolution . I follow a cognitive/behavioral approach for anxiety and depression, as well as a psychodynamic approach in other areas. My goal is to help my clients develop a clearer understanding of their feelings, thoughts and emotions, and then begin to work to make positive, life-enhancing changes in their lives.
(248) 504-0437 View (248) 504-0437
Photo of Julie Encelewski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Julie Encelewski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW, ACSW
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48374
I implement an eclectic approach to treatment utilizing psychodynamic, cognitive, and solution-focused theories to help you reach your goals in life.
Do you feel overwhelmed by work, school, or family responsibilities? Is depression or anxiety holding you back from reaching your goals? Are you feeling stuck in unfulfilling relationships? I believe that everyone struggles with navigating life's challenges at some point, and we all could use some assistance in creating a more fulfilling and joyful life. I provide a safe and collaborative environment for clients to explore their feelings and discuss their struggles. I work together with clients to find creative solutions to their problems and to apply those solutions to their real-life situations.
I implement an eclectic approach to treatment utilizing psychodynamic, cognitive, and solution-focused theories to help you reach your goals in life.
Do you feel overwhelmed by work, school, or family responsibilities? Is depression or anxiety holding you back from reaching your goals? Are you feeling stuck in unfulfilling relationships? I believe that everyone struggles with navigating life's challenges at some point, and we all could use some assistance in creating a more fulfilling and joyful life. I provide a safe and collaborative environment for clients to explore their feelings and discuss their struggles. I work together with clients to find creative solutions to their problems and to apply those solutions to their real-life situations.
(248) 636-2196 View (248) 636-2196
Photo of Colleen Crane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Colleen Crane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Novi, MI 48374
I use techniques like cognitive behavioral, psychoeducational, psychodynamic and interpersonal.
For over 20 years I have worked with individuals, couples and families. Because I also teach at the University of Michigan I have been trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques for working with everyone! I enjoy my work and I find that teaching provides a unique perspective to keep me up to date on new interventions which I often utilize in my private practice work. In 2013, I completed training as a sex therapist and sexual health educator. This program has given me highly specialized training in working with a variety of sexual health issues including low sex drive, fertility issues and everything in between!
I use techniques like cognitive behavioral, psychoeducational, psychodynamic and interpersonal.
For over 20 years I have worked with individuals, couples and families. Because I also teach at the University of Michigan I have been trained in a variety of therapeutic techniques for working with everyone! I enjoy my work and I find that teaching provides a unique perspective to keep me up to date on new interventions which I often utilize in my private practice work. In 2013, I completed training as a sex therapist and sexual health educator. This program has given me highly specialized training in working with a variety of sexual health issues including low sex drive, fertility issues and everything in between!
(248) 330-3585 View (248) 330-3585
Photo of Kristen N Moore, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Kristen N Moore
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48374  (Online Only)
Some modalities I integrate into my practice include, but are not limited to, CBT, DBT, ACT, IFS, and Psychodynamic theories.
As a therapist, I am privileged to be in the role of facilitator of change. But, the actual expert and change-maker in your life is you. A person-centered approach is the pillar of my practice. I am here to empower you to make the changes you want to see. I know anyone who walks into my office or steps onto my screen has already walked through one of the most difficult steps in therapy - the beginning. I admire you taking this step and thank you for allowing me along for the journey. I am confident working together we can figure anything out.
Some modalities I integrate into my practice include, but are not limited to, CBT, DBT, ACT, IFS, and Psychodynamic theories.
As a therapist, I am privileged to be in the role of facilitator of change. But, the actual expert and change-maker in your life is you. A person-centered approach is the pillar of my practice. I am here to empower you to make the changes you want to see. I know anyone who walks into my office or steps onto my screen has already walked through one of the most difficult steps in therapy - the beginning. I admire you taking this step and thank you for allowing me along for the journey. I am confident working together we can figure anything out.
(734) 304-0771 View (734) 304-0771
Photo of Kiera M. Kunkle, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Novi, MI
Kiera M. Kunkle
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, TLLP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Novi, MI 48374
I provide therapy primarily from a psychodynamic orientation, integrating skills-based approaches as needed.
I work with adults and older adolescents experiencing difficulty in navigating life's many challenges and uncertainties. Concerns related to depression, anxiety, relationships, identity, trauma, or loss can impact our emotional well-being and functioning. At times, our ways of coping can create further distress. Through a deeper understanding of ourselves and our patterns, therapy can facilitate change. I recognize each client as a unique individual and appreciate the need to tailor therapeutic experiences to fit your needs. My goal is to promote curiosity, insight, and autonomy, allowing for healthier ways of coping & healing.
I provide therapy primarily from a psychodynamic orientation, integrating skills-based approaches as needed.
I work with adults and older adolescents experiencing difficulty in navigating life's many challenges and uncertainties. Concerns related to depression, anxiety, relationships, identity, trauma, or loss can impact our emotional well-being and functioning. At times, our ways of coping can create further distress. Through a deeper understanding of ourselves and our patterns, therapy can facilitate change. I recognize each client as a unique individual and appreciate the need to tailor therapeutic experiences to fit your needs. My goal is to promote curiosity, insight, and autonomy, allowing for healthier ways of coping & healing.
(313) 355-0187 View (313) 355-0187
Photo of Matt Waddell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Matt Waddell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Novi, MI 48374  (Online Only)
I like to integrate various styles tailored to each clients needs which might include CBT, psychodynamic, insight-oriented, and strengths-based work among others.
Openings available! I take an approach to therapy that is centered on building trust and a belief that clients know themselves the best. I feel it is important to form a relationship that becomes the framework that leads to understanding and change. I have provided therapy to young adults/adults in various settings and worked with individuals facing different concerns including anxiety, depression, substance use, adjustment-related stress, difficult relationship dynamics, grief/loss, and identity development. I also specialize in working with those who have been impacted by a loved one's addiction.
I like to integrate various styles tailored to each clients needs which might include CBT, psychodynamic, insight-oriented, and strengths-based work among others.
Openings available! I take an approach to therapy that is centered on building trust and a belief that clients know themselves the best. I feel it is important to form a relationship that becomes the framework that leads to understanding and change. I have provided therapy to young adults/adults in various settings and worked with individuals facing different concerns including anxiety, depression, substance use, adjustment-related stress, difficult relationship dynamics, grief/loss, and identity development. I also specialize in working with those who have been impacted by a loved one's addiction.
(734) 436-3972 View (734) 436-3972
Photo of Patrick Eilers, Counselor in Novi, MI
Patrick Eilers
Counselor, MA, LPC, CSAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Novi, MI 48377
Patrick Eilers, MA, LPC, CSAT, has earned his master's degree in Clinical Counseling Psychology from Moody Theological Seminary-Michigan. Patrick specializes in helping clients navigate the complexities of relationships while developing a foundation of acceptance, trust, and communication. As an adaptable and caring professional, Patrick assists his clients in reaching their life goals both, individually and relational. Patrick's advanced training includes being a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist utilizing Dr. Patrick Carnes 30 Task Model for recovery.
Patrick Eilers, MA, LPC, CSAT, has earned his master's degree in Clinical Counseling Psychology from Moody Theological Seminary-Michigan. Patrick specializes in helping clients navigate the complexities of relationships while developing a foundation of acceptance, trust, and communication. As an adaptable and caring professional, Patrick assists his clients in reaching their life goals both, individually and relational. Patrick's advanced training includes being a Certified Sex Addiction Therapist utilizing Dr. Patrick Carnes 30 Task Model for recovery.
(810) 356-5999 View (810) 356-5999
Photo of Sara E Schwartz, Counselor in Novi, MI
Sara E Schwartz
Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CAADC, NPT-C
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375
Life presents us with numerous challenges, yet within each struggle lies an opportunity for growth. My journey toward becoming the empathetic and compassionate individual I am today has been shaped by my own adversities, instilling in me an unwavering commitment to assisting others in their quest for well-being and self-realization. At 3Cs Counseling Center, we aim to forge authentic connections with our clients, providing personalized care that addresses both the mind and body, tailored to meet your specific needs.
Life presents us with numerous challenges, yet within each struggle lies an opportunity for growth. My journey toward becoming the empathetic and compassionate individual I am today has been shaped by my own adversities, instilling in me an unwavering commitment to assisting others in their quest for well-being and self-realization. At 3Cs Counseling Center, we aim to forge authentic connections with our clients, providing personalized care that addresses both the mind and body, tailored to meet your specific needs.
(248) 413-8403 View (248) 413-8403
Photo of Alexa Hamid, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Alexa Hamid
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LLMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Novi, MI 48375
Life can be challenging, that's why finding a therapist that you connect with and trust can be essential to your treatment. As a thoughtful and empathetic therapist, my job is to provide a safe and welcoming space to focus on deepening the understanding of yourself. Therapy is a way of nurturing the process of healing and growth to promote positive change. Often, the most difficult part of this journey is taking that first step. Feel free to contact me, we can work towards taking this first step together.
Life can be challenging, that's why finding a therapist that you connect with and trust can be essential to your treatment. As a thoughtful and empathetic therapist, my job is to provide a safe and welcoming space to focus on deepening the understanding of yourself. Therapy is a way of nurturing the process of healing and growth to promote positive change. Often, the most difficult part of this journey is taking that first step. Feel free to contact me, we can work towards taking this first step together.
(248) 955-2566 View (248) 955-2566
Photo of Dr. Jolin B. Yamin, Psychologist in Novi, MI
Dr. Jolin B. Yamin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Novi, MI 48375  (Online Only)
I am a licensed clinical psychologist dedicated to working collaboratively with individuals to navigate life’s stressors and transitions, improve their mood and relationships, and find fulfillment in their life experiences. I have special expertise in treating anxiety, trauma- and stress-related symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, chronic pain, and mind-body disorders. I will work with you to understand your symptoms, develop coping skills, and create a plan for recovery.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist dedicated to working collaboratively with individuals to navigate life’s stressors and transitions, improve their mood and relationships, and find fulfillment in their life experiences. I have special expertise in treating anxiety, trauma- and stress-related symptoms, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, chronic pain, and mind-body disorders. I will work with you to understand your symptoms, develop coping skills, and create a plan for recovery.
(734) 562-6930 View (734) 562-6930
Photo of Megan Spees, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Novi, MI
Megan Spees
Limited Licensed Psychologist, LLP, CAADC, CCTSI, CSAT-c, CCPS-c
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Novi, MI 48377
Mental health is just as important as physical health to our overall well-being. I am a Limited Licensed Psychologist and a certified trauma specialist as well as a marriage counselor. I can work with you to develop a wide variety of coping skills to help you work towards your goals of living your best life. Are you noticing mental health symptoms like nightmares, flashbacks, irritability, anxiety, depression or self-harm? I utilize a humanistic, holistic, strength-based approach to help increase your level of tolerance for dealing with these complicated mental health symptoms. I also offer EMDR for the treatment of complex PTSD.
Mental health is just as important as physical health to our overall well-being. I am a Limited Licensed Psychologist and a certified trauma specialist as well as a marriage counselor. I can work with you to develop a wide variety of coping skills to help you work towards your goals of living your best life. Are you noticing mental health symptoms like nightmares, flashbacks, irritability, anxiety, depression or self-harm? I utilize a humanistic, holistic, strength-based approach to help increase your level of tolerance for dealing with these complicated mental health symptoms. I also offer EMDR for the treatment of complex PTSD.
(248) 290-6322 View (248) 290-6322
Photo of David T. Majchrzak, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Novi, MI
David T. Majchrzak
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MA, LLP
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375  (Online Only)
I provide individual, couples, and family psychotherapy using a Humanistic and Client-centered approach, with an emphasis on short-term, solution focused treatment. I have an extensive background in the holistic health field and in the field of psychology, and find that many issues including stress, depression, anxiety, focusing-issues, relationship problems, and chronic pain/illness can be effectively worked through by creating a strong rapport and finding balance and harmony within oneself and one's environment.
I provide individual, couples, and family psychotherapy using a Humanistic and Client-centered approach, with an emphasis on short-term, solution focused treatment. I have an extensive background in the holistic health field and in the field of psychology, and find that many issues including stress, depression, anxiety, focusing-issues, relationship problems, and chronic pain/illness can be effectively worked through by creating a strong rapport and finding balance and harmony within oneself and one's environment.
(734) 447-5082 View (734) 447-5082
Photo of Perspectives Counseling Centers, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Novi, MI
Perspectives Counseling Centers
Limited Licensed Psychologist
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375
Perspectives Counseling Centers is an award winning Metro Detroit counseling center with over 50 Michigan therapists and psychiatrist ready to help you in 4 convenient locations. You will feel comfortable sharing your life in our beautiful, private offices with exceptionally trained, seasoned professionals specializing in a variety of mental health and substance use issues. In addition to individual and family services, we are a full service psychological center including psychological evaluations, group therapy opportunities, and an intensive outpatient program for those struggling with substance abuse.
Perspectives Counseling Centers is an award winning Metro Detroit counseling center with over 50 Michigan therapists and psychiatrist ready to help you in 4 convenient locations. You will feel comfortable sharing your life in our beautiful, private offices with exceptionally trained, seasoned professionals specializing in a variety of mental health and substance use issues. In addition to individual and family services, we are a full service psychological center including psychological evaluations, group therapy opportunities, and an intensive outpatient program for those struggling with substance abuse.
(248) 617-0221 View (248) 617-0221
Photo of Aliah Azmeh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Aliah Azmeh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375
Welcome to the road to recovery! Recognizing the need to seek out assistance for your mental health and wellbeing is the first step of the journey. Life can become stressful and overwhelming at times and we often don't know where to turn. Confusion and uncertainty takes over and our sense of worth and value are shaken. The inability to cope with stress can lead to anxiety, depression, panic attacks, and other symptoms that can negatively impact your relationships. Experiencing childhood adversity or trauma at any age can also leave us on unstable ground
Welcome to the road to recovery! Recognizing the need to seek out assistance for your mental health and wellbeing is the first step of the journey. Life can become stressful and overwhelming at times and we often don't know where to turn. Confusion and uncertainty takes over and our sense of worth and value are shaken. The inability to cope with stress can lead to anxiety, depression, panic attacks, and other symptoms that can negatively impact your relationships. Experiencing childhood adversity or trauma at any age can also leave us on unstable ground
(248) 657-7887 View (248) 657-7887
Photo of Sollars and Associates, Psychologist in Novi, MI
Sollars and Associates
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48377
I am a licensed psychologist and the clinical director of Sollars and Associates Integrative Counseling and Psychological Services. I have been providing counseling and psychotherapy for over 30 years in the Metro Detroit area and our group practice spans across the state of Michigan. With support, encouragement and expert insight many people begin to feel better after their first session.
I am a licensed psychologist and the clinical director of Sollars and Associates Integrative Counseling and Psychological Services. I have been providing counseling and psychotherapy for over 30 years in the Metro Detroit area and our group practice spans across the state of Michigan. With support, encouragement and expert insight many people begin to feel better after their first session.
(248) 862-1171 View (248) 862-1171
Photo of Rebecca Navarre, LMSW, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Novi, MI
Rebecca Navarre, LMSW, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375  (Online Only)
Let's face it. Life likes to throw us curve balls. Are you dealing with unresolved childhood issues or trauma? Do you have trouble in social situations?Do you often feel isolated and alone? Is your anxiety and depression dominating your daily routine? I work with individuals who struggle with low moods, uneasiness and loneliness. If you need helping getting control over your feelings, contact me. I can help you. I also am experienced with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, fear of the future, and constant worry. I am able to complete psychological testing for Driver's License Restoration as well as counseling/management of addictions.
Let's face it. Life likes to throw us curve balls. Are you dealing with unresolved childhood issues or trauma? Do you have trouble in social situations?Do you often feel isolated and alone? Is your anxiety and depression dominating your daily routine? I work with individuals who struggle with low moods, uneasiness and loneliness. If you need helping getting control over your feelings, contact me. I can help you. I also am experienced with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, fear of the future, and constant worry. I am able to complete psychological testing for Driver's License Restoration as well as counseling/management of addictions.
(734) 875-8580 View (734) 875-8580
Photo of Joyce Kuribayashi, Limited Licensed Psychologist in Novi, MI
Joyce Kuribayashi
Limited Licensed Psychologist, MS, TLLP
Verified Verified
Novi, MI 48375
Often we are faced with issues that feel overwhelming - you try to go about your daily routines, but every movement requires tremendous effort and everything feels exhausting. I am here to be present with you on your journey, and help you gain the insight and skills needed for positive change through examining unconscious cognitive distortions and repetitive coping mechanisms as well as deep-rooted inner conflicts, insecurity, guilt, shame, family of origin and childhood trauma that manifest in perpetuating self-doubt, career dissatisfactions, and relationship/intimacy difficulties.
Often we are faced with issues that feel overwhelming - you try to go about your daily routines, but every movement requires tremendous effort and everything feels exhausting. I am here to be present with you on your journey, and help you gain the insight and skills needed for positive change through examining unconscious cognitive distortions and repetitive coping mechanisms as well as deep-rooted inner conflicts, insecurity, guilt, shame, family of origin and childhood trauma that manifest in perpetuating self-doubt, career dissatisfactions, and relationship/intimacy difficulties.
(734) 323-4897 View (734) 323-4897
Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.