Psychodynamic Therapists in 94903

Photo of Dan Bierman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 94903, CA
Dan Bierman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
My approach is relational and psychodynamic.
Does it seem as though something has always been missing in your life? Maybe it's something you didn't get at home - validation, understanding, or acceptance. These early wounds run deep, and they sometimes make us feel less worthy as adults. I want you to know that there's not something inherently wrong with you. You just didn't quite get all the tools you needed, and my goal is to provide an environment in which you feel cared for and thus free to explore, feel, and express your deepest truths. I'm a New York straight shooter. I won't be shy about telling you what I see/think, but I will always do so gently and with compassion.
My approach is relational and psychodynamic.
Does it seem as though something has always been missing in your life? Maybe it's something you didn't get at home - validation, understanding, or acceptance. These early wounds run deep, and they sometimes make us feel less worthy as adults. I want you to know that there's not something inherently wrong with you. You just didn't quite get all the tools you needed, and my goal is to provide an environment in which you feel cared for and thus free to explore, feel, and express your deepest truths. I'm a New York straight shooter. I won't be shy about telling you what I see/think, but I will always do so gently and with compassion.
(628) 313-3836 View (628) 313-3836
Photo of Cheryl Groskopf, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Cheryl Groskopf
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
I utilize techniques in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help identify and reframe negative thoughts, psychodynamic approaches to help gain insight into the origins of your thoughts and feelings, attachment styles, exploration of unresolved trauma, and multi-generational history of family trauma.
I specialize in working with adults experiencing depression, anxiety, feeling “stuck” or disconnected, and overall personal growth (including growth in self and relationships). Since every client is unique, I use an eclectic and holistic approach to help serve your individual needs. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to help increase self-awareness and acceptance to honor your strengths, feelings, and needs. I use a collaborative approach in assisting you to look inward at yourself, relationships (past and present), and diving into the past to discover patterns and insight that keep you feeling stuck.
I utilize techniques in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to help identify and reframe negative thoughts, psychodynamic approaches to help gain insight into the origins of your thoughts and feelings, attachment styles, exploration of unresolved trauma, and multi-generational history of family trauma.
I specialize in working with adults experiencing depression, anxiety, feeling “stuck” or disconnected, and overall personal growth (including growth in self and relationships). Since every client is unique, I use an eclectic and holistic approach to help serve your individual needs. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space to help increase self-awareness and acceptance to honor your strengths, feelings, and needs. I use a collaborative approach in assisting you to look inward at yourself, relationships (past and present), and diving into the past to discover patterns and insight that keep you feeling stuck.
(415) 997-7820 View (415) 997-7820
Photo of Cybil Gilbertson, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in 94903, CA
Cybil Gilbertson
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I collaborate with individuals and couples using an EFT, psychodynamic, depth and somatic approach.
Therapy is not something I "do" to you; it is a collaboration and conversation we have together. I look forward to walking beside you as you access a place within that feels more like home. There is no one way to move toward healing. I use an emotionally-focused (EFT), humanistic and somatic understanding while keeping the very human need for attachment and relationship at the heart of our work together. Many clients feel and notice a shift toward increased authenticity, flow, ease and joy in their lives after working together. (Now accepting COUPLES).
I collaborate with individuals and couples using an EFT, psychodynamic, depth and somatic approach.
Therapy is not something I "do" to you; it is a collaboration and conversation we have together. I look forward to walking beside you as you access a place within that feels more like home. There is no one way to move toward healing. I use an emotionally-focused (EFT), humanistic and somatic understanding while keeping the very human need for attachment and relationship at the heart of our work together. Many clients feel and notice a shift toward increased authenticity, flow, ease and joy in their lives after working together. (Now accepting COUPLES).
(805) 386-9108 View (805) 386-9108
Photo of Wendy Shaw-Lyons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94903, CA
Wendy Shaw-Lyons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
I bring a wealth of knowledge combining a variety of modalities including psychodynamic psychotherapy, family system theory, cognitive behavioral therapy, and recently incorporated EMDR into my practice.
I believe psychotherapy leads to finding an authentic self, and has the ability to enhance one's quality of life.. I will provide a therapeutic relationship based on compassion, warmth and non judgment to guide you through the process. Together we will identify and work with the blocks that are preventing you from living your life more fully. I have worked with a diverse clientele with a wide range of challenges including trauma, phase of life change, loss, depression, anxiety, and family conflict.
I bring a wealth of knowledge combining a variety of modalities including psychodynamic psychotherapy, family system theory, cognitive behavioral therapy, and recently incorporated EMDR into my practice.
I believe psychotherapy leads to finding an authentic self, and has the ability to enhance one's quality of life.. I will provide a therapeutic relationship based on compassion, warmth and non judgment to guide you through the process. Together we will identify and work with the blocks that are preventing you from living your life more fully. I have worked with a diverse clientele with a wide range of challenges including trauma, phase of life change, loss, depression, anxiety, and family conflict.
(415) 358-3128 View (415) 358-3128
Photo of Irma Rivera-Carlisle, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Irma Rivera-Carlisle
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Specializing in narcissism, depression, codependency, disordered eating, parent-adolescent conflict, foster care, and religion, I utilize an integrated theoretical approach; Attachment and Brain development, Family Systems, CBT and Psychodynamic.
Stress and worry can take its toll on our minds and bodies. If you experience high levels of these, or feel empty at the end of the day, I will provide a safe and caring environment with which to explore the causal factors. I enjoy working with codependency, Self-development, life transitions, and relational dynamics.
Specializing in narcissism, depression, codependency, disordered eating, parent-adolescent conflict, foster care, and religion, I utilize an integrated theoretical approach; Attachment and Brain development, Family Systems, CBT and Psychodynamic.
Stress and worry can take its toll on our minds and bodies. If you experience high levels of these, or feel empty at the end of the day, I will provide a safe and caring environment with which to explore the causal factors. I enjoy working with codependency, Self-development, life transitions, and relational dynamics.
(415) 851-3114 View (415) 851-3114
Photo of Sara Staley, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Sara Staley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I provide therapeutic support for adults, children, teens, and families that have experienced psychological trauma, are experiencing a challenging life transition, or want to build self-awareness and resiliency. My focus is working with children and their parents, especially between the ages of 3 to 7 years old, using Play Therapy. With all ages of individuals I have the ability to get to the root causes of psychological symptoms using Psychodynamic Therapy and Sandplay Therapy. I also use evidence based short term treatment modalities such as CBT, depending on my clients desires and needs.
I provide therapeutic support for adults, children, teens, and families that have experienced psychological trauma, are experiencing a challenging life transition, or want to build self-awareness and resiliency. My focus is working with children and their parents, especially between the ages of 3 to 7 years old, using Play Therapy. With all ages of individuals I have the ability to get to the root causes of psychological symptoms using Psychodynamic Therapy and Sandplay Therapy. I also use evidence based short term treatment modalities such as CBT, depending on my clients desires and needs.
(415) 226-4845 View (415) 226-4845
Photo of Eamonn McKay, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Eamonn McKay
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
I approach therapy from an integrative standpoint, using evidence-based therapy modalities that best suit the individuals, couples, or groups with whom I am working. I find the exploratory techniques espoused in Psychodynamic models to be core to and underpinning a great deal of my practice. Psychodynamic work, for me, provides a solid foundation of knowledge on which to base my understanding of my client, and it is the basis from which I tailor subsequent interventions, including the use of alternate models.
I approach therapy from an integrative standpoint, using evidence-based therapy modalities that best suit the individuals, couples, or groups with whom I am working. I find the exploratory techniques espoused in Psychodynamic models to be core to and underpinning a great deal of my practice. Psychodynamic work, for me, provides a solid foundation of knowledge on which to base my understanding of my client, and it is the basis from which I tailor subsequent interventions, including the use of alternate models.
(415) 942-6584 View (415) 942-6584
Photo of Cathy Della Valle, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Cathy Della Valle
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I practice from a Psychodynamic framework informed by Object Relations, CBT, and Internal Family Systems (IFS).
I have many years of experience and training and feel fortunate to work with adults, couples and teens. I find that most clients come to me when their old ways of coping are no longer working (or they are unhealthy) and the stress is too much! Why do it alone? I hold the hope for my clients when they aren't able.
I practice from a Psychodynamic framework informed by Object Relations, CBT, and Internal Family Systems (IFS).
I have many years of experience and training and feel fortunate to work with adults, couples and teens. I find that most clients come to me when their old ways of coping are no longer working (or they are unhealthy) and the stress is too much! Why do it alone? I hold the hope for my clients when they aren't able.
(415) 813-5401 View (415) 813-5401
Photo of Melissa Dowd - Offering A Modern Approach To Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Melissa Dowd - Offering A Modern Approach To Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
This includes Mindfulness-Based Techniques, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Psychodynamic, Solution-Focused, Positive Psychology, Family Systems, and others.
In the first few sessions together, my goal is to understand what struggles you are currently experiencing that are causing you distress, and then provide you tools to help minimize those stressors to get to a more stabilized place. Once you are feeling more grounded and able to manage your current stressors, then I encourage the exploration of why these things are present in the first place, where they are coming from, and ultimately when they were initially learned and began. I believe that helping you uncover these important pieces of information are vital to your long-term success in becoming the best version of you possible!
This includes Mindfulness-Based Techniques, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Psychodynamic, Solution-Focused, Positive Psychology, Family Systems, and others.
In the first few sessions together, my goal is to understand what struggles you are currently experiencing that are causing you distress, and then provide you tools to help minimize those stressors to get to a more stabilized place. Once you are feeling more grounded and able to manage your current stressors, then I encourage the exploration of why these things are present in the first place, where they are coming from, and ultimately when they were initially learned and began. I believe that helping you uncover these important pieces of information are vital to your long-term success in becoming the best version of you possible!
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Photo of Alex Stephen Markels, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94903, CA
Alex Stephen Markels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Extensive training in psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectal behavioral therapy (DBT).
I have over 25 years experience assisting people make significant changes in their life and learn strategies to lessen symptoms of depression, anxiety, bipolar and other disorders.
Extensive training in psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectal behavioral therapy (DBT).
I have over 25 years experience assisting people make significant changes in their life and learn strategies to lessen symptoms of depression, anxiety, bipolar and other disorders.
(415) 857-4841 View (415) 857-4841
Photo of William J. Hanna, Psychologist in 94903, CA
William J. Hanna
Psychologist, PsyD, MA
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I conceptualize using psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theory, however I am integrative with how I intervene- mostly, I take a humanistic psychology approach to psychotherapy.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, a certified relapse prevention specialist, and a registered art therapist. I provide individual therapy for adults and adolescents in Marin County and Sonoma County . I help my clients' to learn how to set clear limits with others and how to create healthy boundaries for oneself; as well as to learn what your own personal boundaries look like. I assist people in discovering how to lead meaningful and authentic lives; and to become self-actualized. I guide my clients in refocusing on what makes him or her most human: creativity, agency, free will, intentionality, self-determination, imagination, and values.
I conceptualize using psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theory, however I am integrative with how I intervene- mostly, I take a humanistic psychology approach to psychotherapy.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist, a certified relapse prevention specialist, and a registered art therapist. I provide individual therapy for adults and adolescents in Marin County and Sonoma County . I help my clients' to learn how to set clear limits with others and how to create healthy boundaries for oneself; as well as to learn what your own personal boundaries look like. I assist people in discovering how to lead meaningful and authentic lives; and to become self-actualized. I guide my clients in refocusing on what makes him or her most human: creativity, agency, free will, intentionality, self-determination, imagination, and values.
(415) 712-2508 View (415) 712-2508
Photo of Sarah Alexander, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Sarah Alexander
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
My work is essentially depth-oriented, psychodynamic, rooted in attachment.
I hold a deeply calm, present, and nurturing space for your brightest dreams and your darkest wounds. Whatever your concerns, you will feel sincerely heard, held, and guided in a safe and constructive way. You will be supported in discovering and reclaiming hidden or submerged parts of your fullest self, as well as the positive and promising reasons behind the challenges that you face. Together, we will creatively explore new and vital directions for you, internally and dynamically, into the world. My commitment is for your purpose to become more grounded, more meaningful, more genuinely alive.
My work is essentially depth-oriented, psychodynamic, rooted in attachment.
I hold a deeply calm, present, and nurturing space for your brightest dreams and your darkest wounds. Whatever your concerns, you will feel sincerely heard, held, and guided in a safe and constructive way. You will be supported in discovering and reclaiming hidden or submerged parts of your fullest self, as well as the positive and promising reasons behind the challenges that you face. Together, we will creatively explore new and vital directions for you, internally and dynamically, into the world. My commitment is for your purpose to become more grounded, more meaningful, more genuinely alive.
(415) 801-0119 View (415) 801-0119
Photo of Stefan Greene, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94903, CA
Stefan Greene, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DCSW
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
My integrated approaches to treatment include: Positive Psychology, Solution-Focused, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy; Cognitive/ Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Creative Arts Coaching; Stress Management Training; Work/Life Coaching; Marital/Couple Therapy; Clinical Hypnotherapy; Parental Counseling.
I have a straight-forward, nurturing and supportive approach to help you understand and work-through your personal struggles. My style is informal and collaborative and respects the uniqueness of your personality, relationships and situation. I help my clients to feel valued and motivated to make desired life changes. With sensitivity and compassion, we work together to build on your strengths to help make lasting change and move toward leading a more self-aware, content and fulfilling life.
My integrated approaches to treatment include: Positive Psychology, Solution-Focused, Psychodynamic Psychotherapy; Cognitive/ Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Creative Arts Coaching; Stress Management Training; Work/Life Coaching; Marital/Couple Therapy; Clinical Hypnotherapy; Parental Counseling.
I have a straight-forward, nurturing and supportive approach to help you understand and work-through your personal struggles. My style is informal and collaborative and respects the uniqueness of your personality, relationships and situation. I help my clients to feel valued and motivated to make desired life changes. With sensitivity and compassion, we work together to build on your strengths to help make lasting change and move toward leading a more self-aware, content and fulfilling life.
(415) 767-0761 View (415) 767-0761
Photo of Nicole Lako, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Nicole Lako
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Rafael, CA 94903
I apply Gottman couples skills, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, self-compassion & psychodynamic approaches, and positive parenting solutions to my work.
Are you a parent of young children who feels the stress, anxiety and depression related to parenting? Do you need support alleviating these conditions, improving communication and parenting skills and connecting more with loved ones? I help moms and dads of young children strengthen their connection with their children, their partner and themselves.
I apply Gottman couples skills, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy, self-compassion & psychodynamic approaches, and positive parenting solutions to my work.
Are you a parent of young children who feels the stress, anxiety and depression related to parenting? Do you need support alleviating these conditions, improving communication and parenting skills and connecting more with loved ones? I help moms and dads of young children strengthen their connection with their children, their partner and themselves.
(415) 799-7614 View (415) 799-7614
Melinda Ann Marmer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, MFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I see adults, children and families in SF and Marin. I offer clients compassion and kindness while working through personal or family issues. In general, my approach is insight oriented, psychodynamic and solution based. My clients say I am excellent at understanding both psychological and interpersonal issues in a non-judgmental environment. I have excellent rapport with parents/children. Working together, we can be successful in making changes. I am trained in Parent Coordination,, Co-Parent Counseling, with have expertise in high conflict divorce, court orders, and children who refuse/resist a parent.
I see adults, children and families in SF and Marin. I offer clients compassion and kindness while working through personal or family issues. In general, my approach is insight oriented, psychodynamic and solution based. My clients say I am excellent at understanding both psychological and interpersonal issues in a non-judgmental environment. I have excellent rapport with parents/children. Working together, we can be successful in making changes. I am trained in Parent Coordination,, Co-Parent Counseling, with have expertise in high conflict divorce, court orders, and children who refuse/resist a parent.
(415) 697-3134 View (415) 697-3134
Photo of Theresa Hall, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Theresa Hall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ART-BC
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients learn how to effectively manage anxiety and stress, decrease depression, support positive life transitions, improve social connections, and build effective parenting skills. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, combined with Mindfulness, Psychodynamic, and Client-Centered therapy techniques to help clients navigate the challenges they face. This allows my clients to learn from their life experiences, understand the impacts of their current patterns and decision making, and explore and develop new ways of thinking and acting.
My goal as a therapist is to help my clients learn how to effectively manage anxiety and stress, decrease depression, support positive life transitions, improve social connections, and build effective parenting skills. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, combined with Mindfulness, Psychodynamic, and Client-Centered therapy techniques to help clients navigate the challenges they face. This allows my clients to learn from their life experiences, understand the impacts of their current patterns and decision making, and explore and develop new ways of thinking and acting.
(415) 324-4332 View (415) 324-4332
Barbara Jean A Douglass
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, PhD
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and PhD with 15 years experience working with adults, children and youth. My goal is to help you in your path towards feeling better, and experiencing an improved sense of confidence, self-esteem and functioning in your life. My approach is one of respect, warmth, and attention to the dignity of every person. I utilize a humanistic and person-centered perspective, and maintain a psychodynamic framework for understanding my clients' emotional and therapeutic needs, to help you learn coping skills, and help you explore your options towards recovering a stronger sense of self, identity, spirituality, and balance.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and PhD with 15 years experience working with adults, children and youth. My goal is to help you in your path towards feeling better, and experiencing an improved sense of confidence, self-esteem and functioning in your life. My approach is one of respect, warmth, and attention to the dignity of every person. I utilize a humanistic and person-centered perspective, and maintain a psychodynamic framework for understanding my clients' emotional and therapeutic needs, to help you learn coping skills, and help you explore your options towards recovering a stronger sense of self, identity, spirituality, and balance.
(510) 949-3983 View (510) 949-3983
Photo of Amber Bruno, Marriage & Family Therapist in 94903, CA
Amber Bruno
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903  (Online Only)
My approach is client-centered and psychodynamic.
In need of a safe place to process a new or ongoing challenge? I am here to support you.
My approach is client-centered and psychodynamic.
In need of a safe place to process a new or ongoing challenge? I am here to support you.
(707) 610-1503 View (707) 610-1503
Photo of Ashley Coover, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in 94903, CA
Ashley Coover
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
I utilize models that include a strong social justice lens coupled with a feminist psychodynamic background along with an emphasis on understanding and working with complex trauma.
My clients are passionate, sensitive, often highly creative people searching for a place where their full self can be witnessed, celebrated, and supported. Sometimes this includes mourning for what was not possible or the intensity of previous experiences they were put through and what that has cost them. My clients tend to struggle with a variety of complex issues. They often come from families with a legacy of unprocessed intergenerational trauma, which can take many forms. Ultimately, clients who seek me are looking for a place to try out new ways of being in the world. Ways that will better support their deepest values.
I utilize models that include a strong social justice lens coupled with a feminist psychodynamic background along with an emphasis on understanding and working with complex trauma.
My clients are passionate, sensitive, often highly creative people searching for a place where their full self can be witnessed, celebrated, and supported. Sometimes this includes mourning for what was not possible or the intensity of previous experiences they were put through and what that has cost them. My clients tend to struggle with a variety of complex issues. They often come from families with a legacy of unprocessed intergenerational trauma, which can take many forms. Ultimately, clients who seek me are looking for a place to try out new ways of being in the world. Ways that will better support their deepest values.
(510) 369-1025 View (510) 369-1025
Photo of Keri Onan-Levy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 94903, CA
Keri Onan-Levy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Rafael, CA 94903
Hello, I'm Keri Onan-Levy, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My work with clients is grounded in respect, empathy, reliability, intelligence, and professionalism. My practice focuses on supporting individuals as they navigate life's challenges, process experiences, and work to better understand themselves. My approach to providing therapy is unique to each individual. I use a variety of theoretical approaches including Attachment Theory, Psychodynamic Theory, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, Trauma Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. All treatment options are discussed with my clients.
Hello, I'm Keri Onan-Levy, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My work with clients is grounded in respect, empathy, reliability, intelligence, and professionalism. My practice focuses on supporting individuals as they navigate life's challenges, process experiences, and work to better understand themselves. My approach to providing therapy is unique to each individual. I use a variety of theoretical approaches including Attachment Theory, Psychodynamic Theory, Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy for PTSD, Trauma Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. All treatment options are discussed with my clients.
(510) 486-2148 View (510) 486-2148
Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.