Photo of Kelly Zanetich, Psychologist in 07042, NJ
Kelly Zanetich
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
My priority is to create a safe, trauma-informed, LGBTQ+ affirming, culturally responsive space for you to heal and grow. I provide a mindfulness, attachment, compassion, and body-based approach that makes and holds space for all parts of you-thoughts, emotions, body, sexuality, relationships, cultural experience, and inner wisdom. I'm trained in Internal Family Systems (IFS-Level 2), Somatic Experiencing (SE), Relational Psychodynamic Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
My priority is to create a safe, trauma-informed, LGBTQ+ affirming, culturally responsive space for you to heal and grow. I provide a mindfulness, attachment, compassion, and body-based approach that makes and holds space for all parts of you-thoughts, emotions, body, sexuality, relationships, cultural experience, and inner wisdom. I'm trained in Internal Family Systems (IFS-Level 2), Somatic Experiencing (SE), Relational Psychodynamic Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
(201) 335-0454 View (201) 335-0454
Photo of Emily Zelner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Emily Zelner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
I draw primarily from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Psychodynamic therapy, Mindfulness, and Internal Family Systems (IFS).
Therapy is a collaborative process that hinges on a relationship of trust and understanding. I offer my clients a warm, supportive and non-judgmental space where together we can explore and resolve whatever challenges you may be experiencing. Many of us have developed adaptations to our environments which may result in patterns and behaviors that no longer serve us. The work of therapy is to examine these adaptions with compassion and explore opportunities for growth and change.
I draw primarily from Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Psychodynamic therapy, Mindfulness, and Internal Family Systems (IFS).
Therapy is a collaborative process that hinges on a relationship of trust and understanding. I offer my clients a warm, supportive and non-judgmental space where together we can explore and resolve whatever challenges you may be experiencing. Many of us have developed adaptations to our environments which may result in patterns and behaviors that no longer serve us. The work of therapy is to examine these adaptions with compassion and explore opportunities for growth and change.
(862) 902-2940 View (862) 902-2940
Photo of Carol D Pauls, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Carol D Pauls
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MS, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
I incorporate the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness-based, Psychodynamic, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Internal Family Systems, and EMDR.
Therapy is a wonderful first step on your journey of discovery about yourself and your relationships. Therapy can be life changing. I am a hands-on active therapist who is not afraid to roll up my sleeves and get to work. I will seek to give you real, concrete takeaways in order to help jumpstart meaningful change. Whether it is focusing on painful feelings, trauma, relationships, difficult life transitions, creative blocks, stress, or healing from challenging life experiences, my goal is to help you discover the obstacles that block positive growth while building on your strengths.
I incorporate the use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness-based, Psychodynamic, Emotionally Focused Therapy, Internal Family Systems, and EMDR.
Therapy is a wonderful first step on your journey of discovery about yourself and your relationships. Therapy can be life changing. I am a hands-on active therapist who is not afraid to roll up my sleeves and get to work. I will seek to give you real, concrete takeaways in order to help jumpstart meaningful change. Whether it is focusing on painful feelings, trauma, relationships, difficult life transitions, creative blocks, stress, or healing from challenging life experiences, my goal is to help you discover the obstacles that block positive growth while building on your strengths.
(973) 434-5308 View (973) 434-5308
Photo of Faith Dunkel, Psychologist in 07042, NJ
Faith Dunkel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I have undergone post-graduate training in Psychodynamic, Emotionally Focused, Internal Family Systems, and Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapy.
Every day we make choices, big and small. In doing so, we create our ever-unfolding life story. I work with my clients to better understand what their unique "storyline" has been about; how their "script" originally got written; and how their present life challenges can be opportunities for discovering hidden strengths. These strengths are very important, as they will serve my clients in their next life chapter.
I have undergone post-graduate training in Psychodynamic, Emotionally Focused, Internal Family Systems, and Mindfulness-Based Psychotherapy.
Every day we make choices, big and small. In doing so, we create our ever-unfolding life story. I work with my clients to better understand what their unique "storyline" has been about; how their "script" originally got written; and how their present life challenges can be opportunities for discovering hidden strengths. These strengths are very important, as they will serve my clients in their next life chapter.
(973) 821-4803 View (973) 821-4803
Photo of Kate Price Segedy, LCSW, MA, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Kate Price Segedy, LCSW, MA
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MA
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
I have experience and training in psychodynamic psychotherapy, trauma-focused psychotherapies, EMDR and CBT.
When life becomes overwhelming, therapy becomes an opportunity to identify barriers to satisfaction, manage the difficulties you are experiencing, and to feel better. I understand that finding the right therapist takes time and making the first call is difficult. When you are ready to do so, I can help you decide how and when you'd like to begin. I offer a warm and supportive space in which you can safely express your worries and concerns. My encouraging and interactive style allows you to explore your circumstances, while equipping you with coping skills to manage when feeling overwhelmed.
I have experience and training in psychodynamic psychotherapy, trauma-focused psychotherapies, EMDR and CBT.
When life becomes overwhelming, therapy becomes an opportunity to identify barriers to satisfaction, manage the difficulties you are experiencing, and to feel better. I understand that finding the right therapist takes time and making the first call is difficult. When you are ready to do so, I can help you decide how and when you'd like to begin. I offer a warm and supportive space in which you can safely express your worries and concerns. My encouraging and interactive style allows you to explore your circumstances, while equipping you with coping skills to manage when feeling overwhelmed.
(973) 542-9689 View (973) 542-9689
Photo of Sady Kim, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Sady Kim
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Waitlist for new clients
I integrate relational psychodynamic theory, mindfulness, and somatic perspectives in helping clients better understand themselves and in resolving conflicts.
Psychotherapy is a process that allows for healing and meaningful connection. Past struggles and difficult thought patterns can cause strain on your sense of self and your relationships. My goal is to provide a warm and supportive space that allows you to share and explore what you need. As your therapist I would take great care in hearing your story and attending to our therapeutic relationship. I work with individuals, couples, and families across a spectrum of identities and backgrounds on their path toward wholeness.
I integrate relational psychodynamic theory, mindfulness, and somatic perspectives in helping clients better understand themselves and in resolving conflicts.
Psychotherapy is a process that allows for healing and meaningful connection. Past struggles and difficult thought patterns can cause strain on your sense of self and your relationships. My goal is to provide a warm and supportive space that allows you to share and explore what you need. As your therapist I would take great care in hearing your story and attending to our therapeutic relationship. I work with individuals, couples, and families across a spectrum of identities and backgrounds on their path toward wholeness.
(973) 566-5131 View (973) 566-5131
Photo of Lianna Hursh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Lianna Hursh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
My approach is rooted in attachment and psychodynamic theory, exploring how past experiences, relationships, and one’s unconscious shapes their perception of the present.
Schedule a free consultation easily using this link: calendly.com/lianna-hursh These days, moving through life can feel like a performance; an enduring struggle to prove that things are not only okay, but seemingly perfect. This can feel ... exhausting. I strive to create a supportive, non-judgmental environment in which you feel comfortable putting that performance aside. I believe that we begin to heal through relationships. My hope, for our therapeutic relationship, is that you feel safe to be honest, authentic, and vulnerable about whatever your life looks like right now, while together, we reflect on what may have led you here.
My approach is rooted in attachment and psychodynamic theory, exploring how past experiences, relationships, and one’s unconscious shapes their perception of the present.
Schedule a free consultation easily using this link: calendly.com/lianna-hursh These days, moving through life can feel like a performance; an enduring struggle to prove that things are not only okay, but seemingly perfect. This can feel ... exhausting. I strive to create a supportive, non-judgmental environment in which you feel comfortable putting that performance aside. I believe that we begin to heal through relationships. My hope, for our therapeutic relationship, is that you feel safe to be honest, authentic, and vulnerable about whatever your life looks like right now, while together, we reflect on what may have led you here.
(347) 334-5174 View (347) 334-5174
Photo of Rebecca Gotterer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Rebecca Gotterer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW NJ, LCSW NY, LCSW CA, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I offer a safe, compassionate space for you to be seen, heard, and supported to become the person you aspire to be. I am a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and also find Internal Family Systems to be a helpful model. With a background in dance, yoga, and meditation, I have a holistic outlook, and rather than focusing on one methodology, I tailor my approach based on your needs. I begin by helping you clarify what you want from therapy and then facilitating your way there as you access your strengths.
I offer a safe, compassionate space for you to be seen, heard, and supported to become the person you aspire to be. I am a Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and also find Internal Family Systems to be a helpful model. With a background in dance, yoga, and meditation, I have a holistic outlook, and rather than focusing on one methodology, I tailor my approach based on your needs. I begin by helping you clarify what you want from therapy and then facilitating your way there as you access your strengths.
(973) 755-2235 View (973) 755-2235
Photo of Suzanne Farkas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Suzanne Farkas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MFA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I have enormous respect for those who ask for help: it's a true sign of strength. I consider being a therapist a privilege and admire my clients who vulnerably reveal themselves and their experiences in order to grow and heal. Therapy is most successful when there is a good connection between therapist and client. It's important to find a therapist that you like, trust, and respect. If we are a good fit, we can make great changes!
I have enormous respect for those who ask for help: it's a true sign of strength. I consider being a therapist a privilege and admire my clients who vulnerably reveal themselves and their experiences in order to grow and heal. Therapy is most successful when there is a good connection between therapist and client. It's important to find a therapist that you like, trust, and respect. If we are a good fit, we can make great changes!
(973) 968-5246 View (973) 968-5246
Photo of Sy Mano Stepansky, Licensed Professional Counselor in 07042, NJ
Sy Mano Stepansky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ACS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I have worked collaboratively and effectively with those individuals addressing their difficulties such as anxiety, depression, interpersonal issues, self-esteem, life transitions and trauma. While working together in a safe space, we will strive to reduce/eliminate negative thoughts and feelings. To achieve this outcome, I utilize a client-centered approach along with a CBT framework. Strengths are emphasized in therapy as an important asset to treatment success. Although individuals going through challenging times tend to seek out therapy, caregivers are often overlooked as those who could benefit from support themselves.
I have worked collaboratively and effectively with those individuals addressing their difficulties such as anxiety, depression, interpersonal issues, self-esteem, life transitions and trauma. While working together in a safe space, we will strive to reduce/eliminate negative thoughts and feelings. To achieve this outcome, I utilize a client-centered approach along with a CBT framework. Strengths are emphasized in therapy as an important asset to treatment success. Although individuals going through challenging times tend to seek out therapy, caregivers are often overlooked as those who could benefit from support themselves.
(862) 319-8205 View (862) 319-8205
Photo of Branka Kurta, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Branka Kurta
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I have more than 20 years of experience in working with individuals from all walks of life. I have helped many people dealing with depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, low self-esteem, and stress. Taking the step to enter therapy can be scary, but is often a very powerful experience. I believe that problematic early relationships can often cause roadblocks to happiness and satisfaction in one's current relationships. I provide a very safe, sensitive, non-judgmental environment where I can offer practical solutions to the problems of life, and offer the hope of positive change and personal growth.
I have more than 20 years of experience in working with individuals from all walks of life. I have helped many people dealing with depression, anxiety, adjustment issues, low self-esteem, and stress. Taking the step to enter therapy can be scary, but is often a very powerful experience. I believe that problematic early relationships can often cause roadblocks to happiness and satisfaction in one's current relationships. I provide a very safe, sensitive, non-judgmental environment where I can offer practical solutions to the problems of life, and offer the hope of positive change and personal growth.
(201) 479-4769 View (201) 479-4769
Photo of Andrew Lerman, Licensed Professional Counselor in 07042, NJ
Andrew Lerman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, CCTP-II
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
If you’ve been feeling discouraged, disconnected, or constantly comparing yourself to others, maybe it’s time to talk to someone. Therapy offers a nonjudgmental space where the priority is building an affirming therapeutic relationship that lets us move at your pace toward your goals. I work with adults of all ages and walks of life who are facing life transitions, struggling with self-esteem, feeling stuck and “going nowhere,” or coping with past trauma. You’ll be able to discover the patterns that show up in your everyday life, identify the tools and wisdom you already possess, and heal the parts of you that need attention.
If you’ve been feeling discouraged, disconnected, or constantly comparing yourself to others, maybe it’s time to talk to someone. Therapy offers a nonjudgmental space where the priority is building an affirming therapeutic relationship that lets us move at your pace toward your goals. I work with adults of all ages and walks of life who are facing life transitions, struggling with self-esteem, feeling stuck and “going nowhere,” or coping with past trauma. You’ll be able to discover the patterns that show up in your everyday life, identify the tools and wisdom you already possess, and heal the parts of you that need attention.
(973) 657-5849 View (973) 657-5849
Photo of Erica Sterling, Licensed Professional Counselor in 07042, NJ
Erica Sterling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
Hi! I'm a licensed counselor in NJ and CA working for 14 years with individuals, couples, adolescents, and families. I believe in a client centered approach where a safe, open environment is created and my client(s) is part of creating the counseling process. I utilize an integrative approach, pulling from different techniques that are best suited for a client's preferences and/or needs with a focus on client strengths. Progress looks like a client having more clarity and awareness of self, stability and calm within, harmony with how they interact with others and the world around them, and the ability to achieve desired goals.
Hi! I'm a licensed counselor in NJ and CA working for 14 years with individuals, couples, adolescents, and families. I believe in a client centered approach where a safe, open environment is created and my client(s) is part of creating the counseling process. I utilize an integrative approach, pulling from different techniques that are best suited for a client's preferences and/or needs with a focus on client strengths. Progress looks like a client having more clarity and awareness of self, stability and calm within, harmony with how they interact with others and the world around them, and the ability to achieve desired goals.
(760) 316-6952 View (760) 316-6952
Photo of Lisa Weinberg, Psychologist in 07042, NJ
Lisa Weinberg
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
As a psychologist I work collaboratively with my clients to address their concerns (both in-person and via teleheath). I have extensive experience working from an interpersonal perspective with adolescents and adults dealing with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family issues, trauma, loss and adjustment to life changes (e.g. illness, divorce). I believe it is important to explore how a client's family background, culture and social environment play a role in the challenges my clients are experiencing. I view people as resilient and help clients to use their strengths and resources to make positive changes in their lives.
As a psychologist I work collaboratively with my clients to address their concerns (both in-person and via teleheath). I have extensive experience working from an interpersonal perspective with adolescents and adults dealing with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, family issues, trauma, loss and adjustment to life changes (e.g. illness, divorce). I believe it is important to explore how a client's family background, culture and social environment play a role in the challenges my clients are experiencing. I view people as resilient and help clients to use their strengths and resources to make positive changes in their lives.
(973) 947-8883 View (973) 947-8883
Photo of Shanta Kerina Pamphile, Licensed Professional Counselor in 07042, NJ
Shanta Kerina Pamphile
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LMHC, NCC, ACS
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
You never need to traverse this path alone. I want to acknowledge your courage in embarking on this transformative journey. I often liken my role in this therapeutic voyage to that of a co-pilot or co-author of your life story. My core mission is to empower individuals to unlock their fullest potential by navigating unresolved issues, healing from trauma, and breaking free from maladaptive patterns that have held them back from happiness.
You never need to traverse this path alone. I want to acknowledge your courage in embarking on this transformative journey. I often liken my role in this therapeutic voyage to that of a co-pilot or co-author of your life story. My core mission is to empower individuals to unlock their fullest potential by navigating unresolved issues, healing from trauma, and breaking free from maladaptive patterns that have held them back from happiness.
(973) 798-9956 View (973) 798-9956
Photo of Tara Griswold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Tara Griswold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Perhaps it seems that life feels harder than it should be, or you are unable to manage stress and your emotions in a way that you would like. Maybe you feel isolated or depressed, or are concerned about some of your habits, behaviors or relationships. The challenges and struggles you might be facing, although very painful at times, can actually be an invitation to engage in the journey of becoming a better version of your self. Whether you are dealing with difficult emotions, self-defeating behaviors, relationship/parenting issues, or just a feeling that something is off, attuned and compassionate therapy can help.
Perhaps it seems that life feels harder than it should be, or you are unable to manage stress and your emotions in a way that you would like. Maybe you feel isolated or depressed, or are concerned about some of your habits, behaviors or relationships. The challenges and struggles you might be facing, although very painful at times, can actually be an invitation to engage in the journey of becoming a better version of your self. Whether you are dealing with difficult emotions, self-defeating behaviors, relationship/parenting issues, or just a feeling that something is off, attuned and compassionate therapy can help.
(862) 397-7372 View (862) 397-7372
Photo of Stephanie Anne Bourgeois, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Stephanie Anne Bourgeois
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker since 1997 and in private practice since 2012, I offer individual psychotherapy for adolescents and adults and also provide couples and family therapy. I offer traditional therapy as well as alternative holistic/somatic treatments such as body psychotherapy, EMDR and sandtray therapy. My work is deeply informed by a holistic mind/body/spirit approach to healing and well-being.
As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker since 1997 and in private practice since 2012, I offer individual psychotherapy for adolescents and adults and also provide couples and family therapy. I offer traditional therapy as well as alternative holistic/somatic treatments such as body psychotherapy, EMDR and sandtray therapy. My work is deeply informed by a holistic mind/body/spirit approach to healing and well-being.
(973) 988-4317 View (973) 988-4317
Photo of Ron Wasser, Psychologist in 07042, NJ
Ron Wasser
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
It is not easy being a parent, partner, earner or individual in the fast paced, competitive world of northern NJ and NYC. We can feel anxious, depressed, uncertain or lost in how we think and feel about ourselves, our relationships, our families, and our professional lives. We can want to make healthy and effective changes, but sometimes that can be hard to do alone and we need a trusted other that has the expertise to help us untie the knots we are caught in. Many of my clients are successful, but struggle with certain issues, including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, parenting, and professional life challenges.
It is not easy being a parent, partner, earner or individual in the fast paced, competitive world of northern NJ and NYC. We can feel anxious, depressed, uncertain or lost in how we think and feel about ourselves, our relationships, our families, and our professional lives. We can want to make healthy and effective changes, but sometimes that can be hard to do alone and we need a trusted other that has the expertise to help us untie the knots we are caught in. Many of my clients are successful, but struggle with certain issues, including anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, parenting, and professional life challenges.
(973) 792-8113 View (973) 792-8113
Photo of Janine Leigh Ilsley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Janine Leigh Ilsley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Montclair, NJ 07042
I am a somatic-based therapist whose work is rooted in bridging the mind and body. Many come to me for an approach that is not just trauma-informed, but one that also fosters the development of self-awareness and self-compassion when applying new insights. While trauma is my speciality, I enjoy working with teens & couples, highly sensitive individuals, creative artists, spiritual aspirants, neurodivergent beings, and those in the LGBTQIA+ community. I am passionate about using the rhythms of the natural world alongside plant medicine to learn how to live more harmoniously with ourselves and others.
I am a somatic-based therapist whose work is rooted in bridging the mind and body. Many come to me for an approach that is not just trauma-informed, but one that also fosters the development of self-awareness and self-compassion when applying new insights. While trauma is my speciality, I enjoy working with teens & couples, highly sensitive individuals, creative artists, spiritual aspirants, neurodivergent beings, and those in the LGBTQIA+ community. I am passionate about using the rhythms of the natural world alongside plant medicine to learn how to live more harmoniously with ourselves and others.
(973) 313-8263 View (973) 313-8263
Photo of Madeline Till, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 07042, NJ
Madeline Till
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Montclair, NJ 07042
Are you a talented, intelligent, person who walks around with feelings of anxiety depression and shame? Shame, that you feel underwater, that you are not living up to your potential, or that you maybe ruined what should have been a great life? My understanding of shame/resilience is at the core of my work as I believe that shame can significantly contribute to much of the stress and unhappiness we experience. Personally, having changed careers at midlife and walked a path that is unconventional, I deeply understand how shameful it can feel to believe you are an outsider.
Are you a talented, intelligent, person who walks around with feelings of anxiety depression and shame? Shame, that you feel underwater, that you are not living up to your potential, or that you maybe ruined what should have been a great life? My understanding of shame/resilience is at the core of my work as I believe that shame can significantly contribute to much of the stress and unhappiness we experience. Personally, having changed careers at midlife and walked a path that is unconventional, I deeply understand how shameful it can feel to believe you are an outsider.
(973) 512-7001 View (973) 512-7001

Psychodynamic Therapists

Is psychodynamic therapy evidence-based?

Studies have found psychodynamic therapy to be effective in treating conditions like social anxiety, eating disorders, chronic pain, some personality disorders, and depression; indeed, some studies have found it to be just as effective as CBT or medication. What’s more, several studies have found that the benefits of psychodynamic therapy tend to endure—even grow—long after treatment has ended.

How long does psychodynamic therapy last?

Unlike CBT and other more structured forms of therapy, psychodynamic therapy tends to be open-ended and may not be limited to a set number of sessions. It is common for clients to be in therapy for a year or longer and to see their therapist one to three times a week, though the exact schedule and timeline may vary depending on a client’s challenges and progress. However, brief psychodynamic therapy is available, which tends to be more goal-oriented and typically unfolds over 16 to 30 sessions.

Does psychodynamic therapy work?

Research finds that psychodynamic therapy can help someone manage or reduce symptoms of diagnosable mental health conditions like depression or anxiety. The modality may also offer a range of benefits that are harder to measure but just as valuable—such as increased self-worth or healthier relationships. While no therapy type will work for everyone, research and anecdotal evidence suggest that psychodynamic therapy can be highly effective.

What are the limitations of psychodynamic therapy?

Some meta-analyses have concluded that there is little evidence to suggest that psychodynamic therapy can effectively treat certain mental health conditions such as PTSD, OCD, or psychosis, though it is sometimes used to do so. More broadly, the open-ended, free-association structure of psychodynamic therapy may be frustrating for clients who prefer a more structured, time-limited, or goal-oriented approach.