Photo of Asli Baykal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Asli Baykal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
I did my psychoanalytic training at the Center for Psychoanalytic Studies in Houston, where I currently serve on the faculty.
I am a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst experienced in working with older adolescents and adults suffering from depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship problems and struggles with family dynamics, mood disorders, substance abuse, college and life transition anxieties - and those helping family members with these problems. My style is warm, engaged and collaborative. While I draw on a range of therapeutic approaches, my orientation is primarily psychodynamic, which means I start with the assumption that the sources of distress can be complex and often outside our immediate awareness.
I did my psychoanalytic training at the Center for Psychoanalytic Studies in Houston, where I currently serve on the faculty.
I am a psychotherapist and psychoanalyst experienced in working with older adolescents and adults suffering from depression, anxiety, trauma, relationship problems and struggles with family dynamics, mood disorders, substance abuse, college and life transition anxieties - and those helping family members with these problems. My style is warm, engaged and collaborative. While I draw on a range of therapeutic approaches, my orientation is primarily psychodynamic, which means I start with the assumption that the sources of distress can be complex and often outside our immediate awareness.
(617) 580-5291 View (617) 580-5291
Photo of John A Cooper, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
John A Cooper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CGP
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746  (Online Only)
Freud is credited with stating that two things really matter in life: love and work. I help people find greater satisfaction with a) their relationships with themselves and others, and b) what they do to make meaning in their lives. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship to help you maximize your spiritual, physical, and emotional potential. Operating from an orientation which draws primarily on a combination of contemporary psychoanalytic, attachment, and neurobiological perspectives, I am fully committed to walking with you on your journey toward greater satisfaction and fulfillment.
Freud is credited with stating that two things really matter in life: love and work. I help people find greater satisfaction with a) their relationships with themselves and others, and b) what they do to make meaning in their lives. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship to help you maximize your spiritual, physical, and emotional potential. Operating from an orientation which draws primarily on a combination of contemporary psychoanalytic, attachment, and neurobiological perspectives, I am fully committed to walking with you on your journey toward greater satisfaction and fulfillment.
(512) 843-8658 View (512) 843-8658
Photo of Aaron D. Bandy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Aaron D. Bandy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, NBCT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78705
I use neurobiological and attachment-based relational theories in my practice and train in modern psychoanalytic interventions to help people notice and then integrate their thoughts, feelings/emotions, and body sensations.
If you feel like you are expected to “do it all” and carry more responsibilities than others in your life, and feel like you need a break, I may be able to help. Some people find that their personal relationships, either with friends, family, or co-workers, seem shallow, one-dimensional, or unequal. If you would like to improve your relationship with yourself and others, this may be something we can work on together. People may find themselves noticing that they keep engaging in relationships that wound them and wonder “is there something wrong with me?” We can answer that question together.
I use neurobiological and attachment-based relational theories in my practice and train in modern psychoanalytic interventions to help people notice and then integrate their thoughts, feelings/emotions, and body sensations.
If you feel like you are expected to “do it all” and carry more responsibilities than others in your life, and feel like you need a break, I may be able to help. Some people find that their personal relationships, either with friends, family, or co-workers, seem shallow, one-dimensional, or unequal. If you would like to improve your relationship with yourself and others, this may be something we can work on together. People may find themselves noticing that they keep engaging in relationships that wound them and wonder “is there something wrong with me?” We can answer that question together.
(512) 856-6820 View (512) 856-6820
Photo of Gabrielle Zandan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Gabrielle Zandan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC-S, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78703
I have a Masters in Counseling from NYU and am certified in Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
I am a career counselor and psychotherapist. My approach is to collaboratively explore your thoughts, beliefs and life experiences to help you gain greater self-knowledge and enable you to live a more satisfying life. Whether you are in the midst of a life struggle or not necessarily in crisis but looking to improve your general quality of life and well being, I believe our work together will empower you to cope with life difficulties in a productive way as you break negative patterns and have a deeper connection to yourself and others.
I have a Masters in Counseling from NYU and am certified in Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.
I am a career counselor and psychotherapist. My approach is to collaboratively explore your thoughts, beliefs and life experiences to help you gain greater self-knowledge and enable you to live a more satisfying life. Whether you are in the midst of a life struggle or not necessarily in crisis but looking to improve your general quality of life and well being, I believe our work together will empower you to cope with life difficulties in a productive way as you break negative patterns and have a deeper connection to yourself and others.
(512) 686-4047 View (512) 686-4047
Photo of Lisa C. Judge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Lisa C. Judge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78731
In addressing these, and other, challenges collaboratively with clients, my experience and training include psychodynamic/psychoanalytic longer-term work with individuals; relational/interpersonal work with couples, individuals, and families; play therapy with children; dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness; and assessment and solution-focused work, for example, stress and workplace issues.
Emotional, psychological, and interpersonal/social growth is a continual process of self transformation and change. At points when one feels stuck or confused in that process, or when life just isn't working, it often helps to connect with a therapist. I provide a safe space where you can be, or recover/rediscover, your authentic self; deepen the emotional connection with yourself and others; clarify thoughts, beliefs, and values; consider new ways of being in the world and w/others; develop healthier adaptive strategies for relating to yourself and others; and work through past and/or present griefs and traumas.
In addressing these, and other, challenges collaboratively with clients, my experience and training include psychodynamic/psychoanalytic longer-term work with individuals; relational/interpersonal work with couples, individuals, and families; play therapy with children; dialectical behavior therapy and mindfulness; and assessment and solution-focused work, for example, stress and workplace issues.
Emotional, psychological, and interpersonal/social growth is a continual process of self transformation and change. At points when one feels stuck or confused in that process, or when life just isn't working, it often helps to connect with a therapist. I provide a safe space where you can be, or recover/rediscover, your authentic self; deepen the emotional connection with yourself and others; clarify thoughts, beliefs, and values; consider new ways of being in the world and w/others; develop healthier adaptive strategies for relating to yourself and others; and work through past and/or present griefs and traumas.
(512) 540-5531 View (512) 540-5531
Photo of Lisa Thaler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Lisa Thaler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78751
Lisa Thaler, LCSW moved to Austin in October, 2019 after maintaining a private practice in New York City for the past 28 years. She received her BA from Amherst College and her MSW from New York University. She completed her psychoanalytic training at The Women’s Therapy Centre Institute, which is specifically known for its attention to feminism, gender and social justice, as well as contemporary psychoanalytic thinking.
Lisa Thaler, LCSW moved to Austin in October, 2019 after maintaining a private practice in New York City for the past 28 years. She received her BA from Amherst College and her MSW from New York University. She completed her psychoanalytic training at The Women’s Therapy Centre Institute, which is specifically known for its attention to feminism, gender and social justice, as well as contemporary psychoanalytic thinking.
(737) 204-2109 View (737) 204-2109
Photo of Lauren Morgan Wuest, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Lauren Morgan Wuest
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78751
Disturbing symptoms such as anxiety, depression, disorientation, and explosive anger may be signs that important, but unseen, parts of ourselves need attention. I use a depth psychological approach to help clients develop greater awareness of who they are and what they need, so that they can use their symptoms as pathways to a more meaningful relationship with themselves and the world around them.
Disturbing symptoms such as anxiety, depression, disorientation, and explosive anger may be signs that important, but unseen, parts of ourselves need attention. I use a depth psychological approach to help clients develop greater awareness of who they are and what they need, so that they can use their symptoms as pathways to a more meaningful relationship with themselves and the world around them.
(512) 601-5874 View (512) 601-5874
Photo of Mary Lynn Marinucci, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Mary Lynn Marinucci
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-S, MBA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78751
I'd like to help you make the most of your work and life. You may crave more satisfying relationships, need support during a life transition or want constructive ways to cope with powerful thoughts or feelings. Or maybe you'd like more work life balance, less job stress or help navigating your career path. Welcome to Work.Life.Therapy. I'm here to provide skillful collaboration, thoughtful perspective and a holistic approach. Together, we'll get clear on what you want and need. You can count on me to offer practical support to help you work through what's getting in the way.
I'd like to help you make the most of your work and life. You may crave more satisfying relationships, need support during a life transition or want constructive ways to cope with powerful thoughts or feelings. Or maybe you'd like more work life balance, less job stress or help navigating your career path. Welcome to Work.Life.Therapy. I'm here to provide skillful collaboration, thoughtful perspective and a holistic approach. Together, we'll get clear on what you want and need. You can count on me to offer practical support to help you work through what's getting in the way.
(512) 994-2432 View (512) 994-2432
Photo of Sarah Pendergraft, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Sarah Pendergraft
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
We can lose touch with ourselves for a variety of reasons. Sometimes the symptoms of our issues disconnect us from ourselves, our environment, and our loved ones. I help clients reconnect with who they are, what they need, and what is most important to them. In sessions, I help clients work through trauma, addiction, chronic pain, chronic health, personal development, relationships, limiting beliefs, black-and-white thinking, judgments, and self-compassion. As a somatic therapist and yoga instructor, I help clients cultivate mindfulness and meditation skills, which can be a critical part of the therapeutic process.
We can lose touch with ourselves for a variety of reasons. Sometimes the symptoms of our issues disconnect us from ourselves, our environment, and our loved ones. I help clients reconnect with who they are, what they need, and what is most important to them. In sessions, I help clients work through trauma, addiction, chronic pain, chronic health, personal development, relationships, limiting beliefs, black-and-white thinking, judgments, and self-compassion. As a somatic therapist and yoga instructor, I help clients cultivate mindfulness and meditation skills, which can be a critical part of the therapeutic process.
(512) 233-6018 View (512) 233-6018
Photo of Kristin Shanahan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Kristin Shanahan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S, CGP
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78746
If you struggle with loneliness, depression and anxiety. If you struggle in your relationships to feel fulfilled and nourished because of experiences in your childhood, we are a good fit! This can include parental neglect, alcoholism, abandonment, and abuse. You function well but often times feel that it is not enough and feel that you just aren't doing things the right way. I work in a direct but compassionate way to navigate through these painful experiences in order to get more of your needs met and to experience more fulfilling relationships. We work together to find what suits you and your needs.
If you struggle with loneliness, depression and anxiety. If you struggle in your relationships to feel fulfilled and nourished because of experiences in your childhood, we are a good fit! This can include parental neglect, alcoholism, abandonment, and abuse. You function well but often times feel that it is not enough and feel that you just aren't doing things the right way. I work in a direct but compassionate way to navigate through these painful experiences in order to get more of your needs met and to experience more fulfilling relationships. We work together to find what suits you and your needs.
(512) 337-4941 View (512) 337-4941
Photo of Sawayer Logistics, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Sawayer Logistics, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78758  (Online Only)
By learning how to use Narrative Therapy, you will easily discover your lifes' internal and often sub-conscious beliefs that drive your values and behaviors. Together we explore which of your many self narratives can be re-created or re-structured, to provide you with a better focus nee goals, a stronger sense of purpose, and hope for future happiness. I provide you with a safe, professional, confidential and respectful experience that gives you back your energy and joy. Come work together with me.
By learning how to use Narrative Therapy, you will easily discover your lifes' internal and often sub-conscious beliefs that drive your values and behaviors. Together we explore which of your many self narratives can be re-created or re-structured, to provide you with a better focus nee goals, a stronger sense of purpose, and hope for future happiness. I provide you with a safe, professional, confidential and respectful experience that gives you back your energy and joy. Come work together with me.
(833) 729-2937 View (833) 729-2937
Photo of Thad Martin Cox, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Thad Martin Cox
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78703
Whether one seeks relief from anxiety, trauma, relational impasses, or life disillusionment, therapy can help. It is unfortunate that insufficiently engaged approaches to therapy, prohibitive rates, and the unconscionable reluctance of most clinicians to accept insurance fail so many clients, who in good faith seek to discover a healing of heart and mind. As a psychodynamic therapist, I view my role as an empathic change agent employed to help bring about a fuller knowledge of self and a more liberated experience of life and relationship. I also supervise highly promising interns from NWU available for as low as $15-30 per session.
Whether one seeks relief from anxiety, trauma, relational impasses, or life disillusionment, therapy can help. It is unfortunate that insufficiently engaged approaches to therapy, prohibitive rates, and the unconscionable reluctance of most clinicians to accept insurance fail so many clients, who in good faith seek to discover a healing of heart and mind. As a psychodynamic therapist, I view my role as an empathic change agent employed to help bring about a fuller knowledge of self and a more liberated experience of life and relationship. I also supervise highly promising interns from NWU available for as low as $15-30 per session.
Photo of Kristen Wicke, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Kristen Wicke
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CGP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78746
How are your relationships with the important people in your life? Are they as strong as you’d like them to be? Are you anxious, irritable, or uncomfortable around others? Is it hard for you to know how to relate to others? Do your relationships offer strength or stress? Everyone experiences relationship issues. It’s okay to get help when you need it.
How are your relationships with the important people in your life? Are they as strong as you’d like them to be? Are you anxious, irritable, or uncomfortable around others? Is it hard for you to know how to relate to others? Do your relationships offer strength or stress? Everyone experiences relationship issues. It’s okay to get help when you need it.
(512) 361-4644 View (512) 361-4644
Photo of MIND Systemic Psychotherapy & Relational Expertise, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
MIND Systemic Psychotherapy & Relational Expertise
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78701  (Online Only)
Hello, I'm Dr. Haselmayer Fayed, licensed marriage and family therapist and supervisor. What would you like to change in your relationships? What's on your MIND? You don't have to work on this on your own. For over a decade, I've dedicated my expertise to working with many people in their quest for change and happiness. There isn't much I haven't seen or helped with. Don't wait any longer. Call me today! As a psychology professor, I instruct master's and doctoral students, engage in research, and have published my research studies. My dedication to academia and research gives me effective tools to work with what's challenging you.
Hello, I'm Dr. Haselmayer Fayed, licensed marriage and family therapist and supervisor. What would you like to change in your relationships? What's on your MIND? You don't have to work on this on your own. For over a decade, I've dedicated my expertise to working with many people in their quest for change and happiness. There isn't much I haven't seen or helped with. Don't wait any longer. Call me today! As a psychology professor, I instruct master's and doctoral students, engage in research, and have published my research studies. My dedication to academia and research gives me effective tools to work with what's challenging you.
(210) 796-8455 View (210) 796-8455
Photo of Beth Block, Marriage & Family Therapist in Austin, TX
Beth Block
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78759
My goal is to create a safe and comfortable space where clients can articulate their inner experience through both words and symbols. Deeper and clearer understanding unfolds as we engage in the therapeutic process with both a playful curiosity and a nonjudgmental attitude. I listen deeply and empathize with clients, while simultaneously encouraging them to confront the unhealthy roles, ineffective patterns and behaviors, and difficult emotions that are keeping them stuck in their lives. I believe that psychotherapeutic work profoundly transforms our inner worlds. It is truly a gift to be witness, partner, and guide on this journey.
My goal is to create a safe and comfortable space where clients can articulate their inner experience through both words and symbols. Deeper and clearer understanding unfolds as we engage in the therapeutic process with both a playful curiosity and a nonjudgmental attitude. I listen deeply and empathize with clients, while simultaneously encouraging them to confront the unhealthy roles, ineffective patterns and behaviors, and difficult emotions that are keeping them stuck in their lives. I believe that psychotherapeutic work profoundly transforms our inner worlds. It is truly a gift to be witness, partner, and guide on this journey.
(512) 961-1457 View (512) 961-1457
Photo of Hellen Pennell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Hellen Pennell
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78703
I help people free themselves from the wrath of a harsh inner critic, get unstuck from unhealthy situations, and start living instead of just surviving. If you are living with anxiety, depression, unproductive anger, the impact of trauma, or relationship struggles--including parenting neurodiverse or gender-questioning children, I welcome you. I provide a safe, compassionate, emotionally attuned space so you can feel supported as we explore what brings you into therapy. Whatever your struggle, I believe it is possible to navigate pain, gain strength, and experience greater fulfillment through the therapeutic relationship we create.
I help people free themselves from the wrath of a harsh inner critic, get unstuck from unhealthy situations, and start living instead of just surviving. If you are living with anxiety, depression, unproductive anger, the impact of trauma, or relationship struggles--including parenting neurodiverse or gender-questioning children, I welcome you. I provide a safe, compassionate, emotionally attuned space so you can feel supported as we explore what brings you into therapy. Whatever your struggle, I believe it is possible to navigate pain, gain strength, and experience greater fulfillment through the therapeutic relationship we create.
(512) 764-1221 View (512) 764-1221
Photo of Katy Koonce and Associates , Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Katy Koonce and Associates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704  (Online Only)
I believe that a lively and genuine therapy relationship can be a means to healing and self-discovery. My goal is to help folks gain access to a full range of emotions. My experience as a musician and parent make me a good fit for artists and parents alike. As the premiere psychotherapist working with transgender clients in Austin Texas since 1998, I bring unparalleled knowledge and skill to those seeking to understand their own unique identities. I am an affirmative psychotherapist using relational and attachment theory, and mindfulness related to interpersonal neurobiology, I work with individuals and groups.
I believe that a lively and genuine therapy relationship can be a means to healing and self-discovery. My goal is to help folks gain access to a full range of emotions. My experience as a musician and parent make me a good fit for artists and parents alike. As the premiere psychotherapist working with transgender clients in Austin Texas since 1998, I bring unparalleled knowledge and skill to those seeking to understand their own unique identities. I am an affirmative psychotherapist using relational and attachment theory, and mindfulness related to interpersonal neurobiology, I work with individuals and groups.
(512) 337-4961 View (512) 337-4961
Photo of Mary Webb-Tafoya, PLLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Austin, TX
Mary Webb-Tafoya, PLLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LPCC, NCC, CMS-CHt
Verified Verified
Austin, TX 78732  (Online Only)
Currently only accepting clients for Teletherapy. The individual who seeks to improve their quality of life would greatly benefit from having me as their counselor. Each session is goal-oriented and an educational process towards insight and awareness which can greatly improve a client's perspective of themselves; the world; and themselves in the world. I believe in short term, brief solution focused therapy to maximize time and therapeutic interventions. I strive to form a therapeutic alliance with my clients and act as a guide and mentor through all of life's challenges. For more information, go to marywebbtafoyapllc.com
Currently only accepting clients for Teletherapy. The individual who seeks to improve their quality of life would greatly benefit from having me as their counselor. Each session is goal-oriented and an educational process towards insight and awareness which can greatly improve a client's perspective of themselves; the world; and themselves in the world. I believe in short term, brief solution focused therapy to maximize time and therapeutic interventions. I strive to form a therapeutic alliance with my clients and act as a guide and mentor through all of life's challenges. For more information, go to marywebbtafoyapllc.com
(915) 228-2153 View (915) 228-2153
Photo of Lois Graham, Psychologist in Austin, TX
Lois Graham
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78756  (Online Only)
People are driven by a need for connection with others: a friend, a lover, a family, a tribe. When that need is not met our hunger goes underground and turns into anxiety, depression, or addiction. These internal struggles feed fear which can lead us to isolate. Therapy provides a path back toward connection. You talk. I listen. Obstacles to our connection emerge and we begin to understand who you are, what you long for, what gets in your way. As you teach me who you are, you begin to know yourself better, to find your own voice and trust it.
People are driven by a need for connection with others: a friend, a lover, a family, a tribe. When that need is not met our hunger goes underground and turns into anxiety, depression, or addiction. These internal struggles feed fear which can lead us to isolate. Therapy provides a path back toward connection. You talk. I listen. Obstacles to our connection emerge and we begin to understand who you are, what you long for, what gets in your way. As you teach me who you are, you begin to know yourself better, to find your own voice and trust it.
(512) 271-4158 View (512) 271-4158
Photo of Sarah Pollard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Austin, TX
Sarah Pollard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Austin, TX 78704  (Online Only)
Do you feel like you are at at crossroads or in a life transition? Perhaps you are feeling at your wit's end and suspect a change needs to happen and are not sure where to begin - or if you even want to. Life transitions can take many forms. Some examples include: changing careers, feeling you're in a quarter-life or mid-life crisis, moving, the loss of a close loved one, and the shift of a troubled relationship dynamic (with yourself, family, finances, your body, etc). The individuals I see are often high performers struggling with chronic stress and anxiety, a sneaky, loud inner critic, and a history that includes some trauma.
Do you feel like you are at at crossroads or in a life transition? Perhaps you are feeling at your wit's end and suspect a change needs to happen and are not sure where to begin - or if you even want to. Life transitions can take many forms. Some examples include: changing careers, feeling you're in a quarter-life or mid-life crisis, moving, the loss of a close loved one, and the shift of a troubled relationship dynamic (with yourself, family, finances, your body, etc). The individuals I see are often high performers struggling with chronic stress and anxiety, a sneaky, loud inner critic, and a history that includes some trauma.
(512) 877-8730 View (512) 877-8730

Psychoanalytic Therapists

Does psychoanalytic therapy work?

Psychoanalytic therapy derives from the work of Sigmund Freud. In this type of therapy, discovering buried thoughts and emotions from the unconscious will help a person work through their difficulties and negative behaviors. Research shows that psychoanalytic therapy can be highly effective, with patients reporting improvement in mood, quality of life, and overall well-being.

How long are people typically in psychoanalytic therapy?

Traditional psychoanalysis is in-depth and is conducted in five sessions every week. Today, modern psychoanalytic therapy is less intense and normally incorporates as few as one or two sessions a week. In some cases, positive change can occur quickly. However, if the condition, difficulty, or behavior is deep-seated, improvement may require many months or years of therapy.

Is psychoanalytic therapy suitable for young people?

Children and adolescents can benefit from this type of therapy. Many kids and teens are often unable to form and communicate their thoughts and emotions. Psychoanalytic therapy uses specific techniques such as dream analysis, symbolism, and free association or word association; all of which can be useful tools for less-communicative young people. Through this therapy, a patient will hopefully make connections between what they feel inside and how the world works outside.

Can psychoanalytic therapy be done online?

Modern-day psychoanalytic therapy is very different from traditional psychoanalysis. While an individual can sit face-to-face with the psychoanalyst for multiple sessions a week, they do not have to. Today, psychoanalytic therapy can be effectively conducted online or by phone. The key is that the individual confronts what is repressed and avoided, and this can be done whether in person or over online video.