Therapists in Cleveland, TN

Photo of Alicia Boggess, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Cleveland, TN
Alicia Boggess
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, MFT-I
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
As your therapist, my goal will be to build a trusting relationship that allows you to feel safe, heard, seen, and valued so that you have the confidence to take steps towards your individual and relational growth. We will work together to identify the barriers that have left you feeling stuck and disconnected from yourself and others, and seek to create avenues for healthy and fulfilling relationships.
As your therapist, my goal will be to build a trusting relationship that allows you to feel safe, heard, seen, and valued so that you have the confidence to take steps towards your individual and relational growth. We will work together to identify the barriers that have left you feeling stuck and disconnected from yourself and others, and seek to create avenues for healthy and fulfilling relationships.
(423) 454-3722 View (423) 454-3722
Photo of Glyndora Spring Condon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Glyndora Spring Condon
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MFT, LPC, CTMH, CCTP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
I have been helping others: Special needs, Relational, Behavioral, A&D, Elderly, and Children as a C.N.A., Foster mother, Care giver, Activity Director, and as a Therapist during my adult life. I have 10 grandchildren, and 4 are special needs children. I have several years experience providing Couples/Marriage, Family, and Behavioral and Mental therapy; and am eclectic in my use of modalities. I am an author with Good News and multiple other psychology sites. Heal and Hope Counseling Services, LLC have 3-5 counselors of diverse backgrounds, cultures, languages, and specialties!!! We provide in office and Telehealth for our clients!
I have been helping others: Special needs, Relational, Behavioral, A&D, Elderly, and Children as a C.N.A., Foster mother, Care giver, Activity Director, and as a Therapist during my adult life. I have 10 grandchildren, and 4 are special needs children. I have several years experience providing Couples/Marriage, Family, and Behavioral and Mental therapy; and am eclectic in my use of modalities. I am an author with Good News and multiple other psychology sites. Heal and Hope Counseling Services, LLC have 3-5 counselors of diverse backgrounds, cultures, languages, and specialties!!! We provide in office and Telehealth for our clients!
(423) 525-8538 View (423) 525-8538
Photo of Claude J Bowden, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Claude J Bowden
Pre-Licensed Professional, DMin, MACMHC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311
Do you feel misunderstood? I have personally experienced and overcome addiction, marital failure, spiritual uncertainty, and feelings of hopelessness. I understand the fear and anxiety that come with seeing no way out, like you are alone in your despair. My goal is to guide the individual, couple, or family to function effectively. Together we can take steps to achieve what you once believed to be impossible.
Do you feel misunderstood? I have personally experienced and overcome addiction, marital failure, spiritual uncertainty, and feelings of hopelessness. I understand the fear and anxiety that come with seeing no way out, like you are alone in your despair. My goal is to guide the individual, couple, or family to function effectively. Together we can take steps to achieve what you once believed to be impossible.
(423) 454-3209 View (423) 454-3209
Photo of Heal and Hope Counseling Services, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Heal and Hope Counseling Services, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, MFT, LPC, CTMH, CCTP
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37312
We are more than a business, we are a ministry to any who come to us in need for help. We have multiple counselors: Glyndora Condon MS MFT LPC CTMH, CCTP EMDRIA ACS: specializing in behavioral, relational (marriage, couple, children, friendships) emotional, trauma, anger, autism, domestic violence, life transitions, dissociative, addictions, and provides certified classes for DV, Anger, A&D, and Parenting; also Kelly Brownlow, MS SW, who specializes Family/Children/Adolescent and behavioral issues. Amanda Teague MSW, trauma and DID; Lakita Quarles, LME; Family, adolescents, A&D issues. Cierra Cannaly MFT-Child and adult, multi-issue
We are more than a business, we are a ministry to any who come to us in need for help. We have multiple counselors: Glyndora Condon MS MFT LPC CTMH, CCTP EMDRIA ACS: specializing in behavioral, relational (marriage, couple, children, friendships) emotional, trauma, anger, autism, domestic violence, life transitions, dissociative, addictions, and provides certified classes for DV, Anger, A&D, and Parenting; also Kelly Brownlow, MS SW, who specializes Family/Children/Adolescent and behavioral issues. Amanda Teague MSW, trauma and DID; Lakita Quarles, LME; Family, adolescents, A&D issues. Cierra Cannaly MFT-Child and adult, multi-issue
(423) 380-0204 View (423) 380-0204
Photo of Leah Nowicki, Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Leah Nowicki
Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Young adults are my passion! I've worked extensively with this population for the past 14 years as a Professional Counselor, with an approach that is relaxed, genuine, and honest. If you're looking for a counselor who genuinely cares, and will be relatively easy-going, I'm your person! Many clients see me specifically for a Christian approach, and that is also a specialty of mine. You CAN find healing, and this is a safe place to start! Life transitions, moves, women's issues, grief, anxiety, and uncertainty in life are all the areas I've worked with through the years, and I'm more than happy to help you through the same!
Young adults are my passion! I've worked extensively with this population for the past 14 years as a Professional Counselor, with an approach that is relaxed, genuine, and honest. If you're looking for a counselor who genuinely cares, and will be relatively easy-going, I'm your person! Many clients see me specifically for a Christian approach, and that is also a specialty of mine. You CAN find healing, and this is a safe place to start! Life transitions, moves, women's issues, grief, anxiety, and uncertainty in life are all the areas I've worked with through the years, and I'm more than happy to help you through the same!
(423) 515-5361 View (423) 515-5361
Photo of Hannah Sexton, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Hannah Sexton
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT-I, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
It’s normal as a parent to feel overwhelmed or exhausted when your teen or child are hurting and working through life adjustments, problems at school, and other major changes. Children and teens communicate through their actions due to lack of understanding the emotions underneath. My passion is to help children and teenagers who are struggling to process their emotions and work through life’s difficulties by providing a safe and warm place for them to grow more in who they are.
It’s normal as a parent to feel overwhelmed or exhausted when your teen or child are hurting and working through life adjustments, problems at school, and other major changes. Children and teens communicate through their actions due to lack of understanding the emotions underneath. My passion is to help children and teenagers who are struggling to process their emotions and work through life’s difficulties by providing a safe and warm place for them to grow more in who they are.
(423) 244-0032 View (423) 244-0032
Photo of Daneille Gray, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Daneille Gray
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312  (Online Only)
Giving attention to yourself can be a daunting task when your plate is full. This is compounded when thriving professionally and/or academically, but feeling challenged relationally, emotionally, or dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event. My goal is to empower each client to cultivate healthier relationships, enhance emotional well-being, and thrive in all aspects of their lives. In our time together, I collaborate with clients in a peaceful, authentic, and nonjudgmental manner as we seek to journey through these numerous concerns.
Giving attention to yourself can be a daunting task when your plate is full. This is compounded when thriving professionally and/or academically, but feeling challenged relationally, emotionally, or dealing with the aftermath of a traumatic event. My goal is to empower each client to cultivate healthier relationships, enhance emotional well-being, and thrive in all aspects of their lives. In our time together, I collaborate with clients in a peaceful, authentic, and nonjudgmental manner as we seek to journey through these numerous concerns.
(423) 380-1403 View (423) 380-1403
Photo of Julie Ann Gardenhire, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Julie Ann Gardenhire
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, AAMFT
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311
Not accepting new clients
Life has bumps in the road, and the distress we feel often makes sense within the context of the circumstances we face. My goal, as a licensed marriage and family therapist, is to help individuals, couples, and families identify underlying factors contributing to distress, and to experience healing and peace amid life’s challenges. I seek to help clients integrate faith into their healing process if they desire.
Life has bumps in the road, and the distress we feel often makes sense within the context of the circumstances we face. My goal, as a licensed marriage and family therapist, is to help individuals, couples, and families identify underlying factors contributing to distress, and to experience healing and peace amid life’s challenges. I seek to help clients integrate faith into their healing process if they desire.
(423) 380-1507 View (423) 380-1507
Photo of Jessie Culpepper, Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Jessie Culpepper
Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37312  (Online Only)
I have a Masters in counseling and my goal in life is to help people heal and become whole.
I have a Masters in counseling and my goal in life is to help people heal and become whole.
(423) 561-3639 View (423) 561-3639
Photo of Maddie Storz, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Maddie Storz
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFTI, AAMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Pregnancy, parenthood and fertility challenges can be so stressful and overwhelming it can be difficult to know how to manage all the emotions and intensity of the stress. It can feel like you're drowning! I would love to be there with you in the healing process. My passion is working with individuals navigating the perinatal (pertaining to the period between conception and 3 years postpartum) and parenthood stages of life. I have advanced training in postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, traumatic birth experiences, stillbirth, child loss, pregnancy loss, reproductive trauma, assisted fertility stress and fertility challenges.
Pregnancy, parenthood and fertility challenges can be so stressful and overwhelming it can be difficult to know how to manage all the emotions and intensity of the stress. It can feel like you're drowning! I would love to be there with you in the healing process. My passion is working with individuals navigating the perinatal (pertaining to the period between conception and 3 years postpartum) and parenthood stages of life. I have advanced training in postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, traumatic birth experiences, stillbirth, child loss, pregnancy loss, reproductive trauma, assisted fertility stress and fertility challenges.
(423) 564-5685 View (423) 564-5685
Photo of Charidith Fuller, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Charidith Fuller
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, MFT-I, AAMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
Not accepting new clients
You are doing a brave thing. Anxiety, panic attacks, and depression can play a role in keeping us from seeking help outside of our known comfort zone. But there is help available, and hope for a better life. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, and trauma and PTSD symptoms. We may cope in ways that work in the moment, but come back in the form of panic attacks, isolation, fatigue, lack of focus, appetite changes, difficulty staying motivated, and feeling constantly on edge or numb. If anxiety is hindering your quality of life, or your depression is too heavy to carry alone, welcome. This is a safe place to unpack these.
You are doing a brave thing. Anxiety, panic attacks, and depression can play a role in keeping us from seeking help outside of our known comfort zone. But there is help available, and hope for a better life. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, and trauma and PTSD symptoms. We may cope in ways that work in the moment, but come back in the form of panic attacks, isolation, fatigue, lack of focus, appetite changes, difficulty staying motivated, and feeling constantly on edge or numb. If anxiety is hindering your quality of life, or your depression is too heavy to carry alone, welcome. This is a safe place to unpack these.
(423) 205-0988 View (423) 205-0988
Photo of Mike Waldrop, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Mike Waldrop
Marriage & Family Therapist, MDiv, LMFT, MAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 23 years of experience of working in the counseling field. My desire is to help individuals, couples, and families in their pursuit of healthy emotional living. In those 23 years, I have had the opportunity to work in several settings- school, church, a psychiatric hospital, and an intensive outpatient program.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 23 years of experience of working in the counseling field. My desire is to help individuals, couples, and families in their pursuit of healthy emotional living. In those 23 years, I have had the opportunity to work in several settings- school, church, a psychiatric hospital, and an intensive outpatient program.
(423) 888-0302 View (423) 888-0302
Photo of Maddy Morris, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Maddy Morris
Pre-Licensed Professional, MMFT
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311
Children, adolescents, and young adults who need someone to meet them where they’re at. I enjoy working with a variety of issues, including: anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, grief/loss, family conflict, and blended family acclimation.
Children, adolescents, and young adults who need someone to meet them where they’re at. I enjoy working with a variety of issues, including: anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, grief/loss, family conflict, and blended family acclimation.
(423) 375-8574 View (423) 375-8574
Photo of Alexys Morris, Pre-Licensed Professional in Cleveland, TN
Alexys Morris
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFTI
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37311
I consider it a privilege to walk alongside others on their journey toward self-discovery and healing. Whether you've carried these wounds for as long as you can remember, or are grappling with recent life difficulties, I'm here to support you. Creating a safe and inclusive space is of utmost importance to me, and I am a devoted ally to the LGBTQ+ community. My passion lies in helping others navigate through various challenges, including grief, stress, anxiety, religious trauma and deconstruction, divorce, relationship difficulties, attachment wounds, and gender and sexuality issues. I have immediate availability!
I consider it a privilege to walk alongside others on their journey toward self-discovery and healing. Whether you've carried these wounds for as long as you can remember, or are grappling with recent life difficulties, I'm here to support you. Creating a safe and inclusive space is of utmost importance to me, and I am a devoted ally to the LGBTQ+ community. My passion lies in helping others navigate through various challenges, including grief, stress, anxiety, religious trauma and deconstruction, divorce, relationship difficulties, attachment wounds, and gender and sexuality issues. I have immediate availability!
(423) 414-4924 View (423) 414-4924
Photo of Christine Lawson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Christine Lawson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MACMHC, MDiv, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311  (Online Only)
Depression and anxiety can really affect every area of your life. Reaching out to seek help is sometimes hard, but it is an important step in self-care and healing. My name is Christine Lawson, and in addition to anxiety and depression, I have worked with those who are in crisis due to self-harming behaviors as well as thoughts of suicide. With 15+ years of experience as a special education teacher before refocusing on counseling in 2019, I have also worked extensively with autism, ADHD, learning disabilities and behavior disorders. If you need a safe space to work on those things that are blocking your joy, I'm here for you.
Depression and anxiety can really affect every area of your life. Reaching out to seek help is sometimes hard, but it is an important step in self-care and healing. My name is Christine Lawson, and in addition to anxiety and depression, I have worked with those who are in crisis due to self-harming behaviors as well as thoughts of suicide. With 15+ years of experience as a special education teacher before refocusing on counseling in 2019, I have also worked extensively with autism, ADHD, learning disabilities and behavior disorders. If you need a safe space to work on those things that are blocking your joy, I'm here for you.
(423) 523-8805 View (423) 523-8805
Photo of Andrea Chase, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Andrea Chase
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, ESQ
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311
Andrea is the co-founder & co-executive director of Solomon Family Solutions, a nonprofit child & family welfare agency. She is passionate about helping parents & children overcome & heal from abuse while navigating the court system. Andrea is a TN licensed professional counselor with a mental health services provider designation, a licensed CA Attorney and was a fellow at Family Violence Appellate Project (FVAP). Andrea is a doctoral candidate pursuing her PhD in Forensic Psychology with an emphasis in Victimology. Her dissertation focuses on biological fathers that murder their children during divorce & child custody disputes.
Andrea is the co-founder & co-executive director of Solomon Family Solutions, a nonprofit child & family welfare agency. She is passionate about helping parents & children overcome & heal from abuse while navigating the court system. Andrea is a TN licensed professional counselor with a mental health services provider designation, a licensed CA Attorney and was a fellow at Family Violence Appellate Project (FVAP). Andrea is a doctoral candidate pursuing her PhD in Forensic Psychology with an emphasis in Victimology. Her dissertation focuses on biological fathers that murder their children during divorce & child custody disputes.
(423) 205-6745 View (423) 205-6745
Photo of Rachel La Rea Hatchett, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cleveland, TN
Rachel La Rea Hatchett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
I have worked with children and families for 15 years with the last 5 years being in mental health. I have a desire to help people find their road to healing. I have worked with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, self-harm, suicidal-ideations, phase of life changes, divorce and self-esteem struggles that often life brings. Together we will work to find your road to healing. I want to work with you to empower you to find the solutions and strength to overcome whatever obstacles you are facing.
I have worked with children and families for 15 years with the last 5 years being in mental health. I have a desire to help people find their road to healing. I have worked with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, self-harm, suicidal-ideations, phase of life changes, divorce and self-esteem struggles that often life brings. Together we will work to find your road to healing. I want to work with you to empower you to find the solutions and strength to overcome whatever obstacles you are facing.
(423) 497-0841 View (423) 497-0841
Photo of Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC in Cleveland, TN
Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC
MEd, BCBA, LBA
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37312
Waitlist for new clients
I started Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC to service school-age children in the East TN area. I love working with children through pre-teen ages and have also worked with a few higher-functioning teenagers. My typical day involves working with families that face challenges with behavior and working directly with children to decrease these behaviors while building skill deficits. I enjoy including family in my sessions and want to empower caregivers and family members so that they are equipped to handle behavioral challenges.
I started Aptitude Behavioral Services, LLC to service school-age children in the East TN area. I love working with children through pre-teen ages and have also worked with a few higher-functioning teenagers. My typical day involves working with families that face challenges with behavior and working directly with children to decrease these behaviors while building skill deficits. I enjoy including family in my sessions and want to empower caregivers and family members so that they are equipped to handle behavioral challenges.
(423) 438-1372 View (423) 438-1372
Photo of J. Trevor Milliron, Psychologist in Cleveland, TN
J. Trevor Milliron
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Cleveland, TN 37311
My practice is exclusively dedicated to serving adults with OCD. I offer an intensive and highly customized approach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) combined with Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP). Although ERP is the gold standard treatment for OCD, misconceptions about ERP often result in unnecessary fears. The pain of ERP treatment is no greater, and often less, than the pain you are already in. You will find my approach respectful, affirming, and gentle.
My practice is exclusively dedicated to serving adults with OCD. I offer an intensive and highly customized approach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) combined with Exposure/Response Prevention (ERP). Although ERP is the gold standard treatment for OCD, misconceptions about ERP often result in unnecessary fears. The pain of ERP treatment is no greater, and often less, than the pain you are already in. You will find my approach respectful, affirming, and gentle.
(423) 481-8394 View (423) 481-8394
Photo of Steve Knapp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Cleveland, TN
Steve Knapp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Cleveland, TN 37312
Pain is an unavoidable reality in life, but it does not have to have the final word. If we are willing to step into our emerging story, new possibilities of healing and growth become achievable and lead us towards a more meaningful life. Whether it is dealing with the effects of trauma or other negative past life events, persistent or recurrent painful emotions, or a difficult season of life, we all have times where it is hard to find the path forward. But there is a path forward, especially when we are willing to reach out for help.
Pain is an unavoidable reality in life, but it does not have to have the final word. If we are willing to step into our emerging story, new possibilities of healing and growth become achievable and lead us towards a more meaningful life. Whether it is dealing with the effects of trauma or other negative past life events, persistent or recurrent painful emotions, or a difficult season of life, we all have times where it is hard to find the path forward. But there is a path forward, especially when we are willing to reach out for help.
(423) 345-9381 View (423) 345-9381

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cleveland, TN

100+

Average cost per session

$100

Therapists in Cleveland, TN who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
80% Relationship Issues
78% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
71% Stress
69% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Cigna and Evernorth
68% Aetna
57% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Cleveland, TN see their clients

91% In Person and Online
9% Online Only

Gender breakdown

74% Female
26% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cleveland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.