Therapists in Surprise, AZ

Photo of Joanna Cohen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Surprise, AZ
Joanna Cohen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85379  (Online Only)
As a therapist, I have found purpose in bringing hope to the lives of others. When we are in pain– physical, emotional, or psychological, it is difficult to navigate the world around us. A therapist can help guide you through those moments, whether it be through holding space, helping you find the emotion in your body, or providing constructive insight. My goal is to have you experience the feeling of “ I’ve overcome this obstacle and I have regained my strength, my hope, my own purpose.” I’m excited to help you start living the life you are meant to fully experience!
As a therapist, I have found purpose in bringing hope to the lives of others. When we are in pain– physical, emotional, or psychological, it is difficult to navigate the world around us. A therapist can help guide you through those moments, whether it be through holding space, helping you find the emotion in your body, or providing constructive insight. My goal is to have you experience the feeling of “ I’ve overcome this obstacle and I have regained my strength, my hope, my own purpose.” I’m excited to help you start living the life you are meant to fully experience!
(623) 624-9745 View (623) 624-9745
Photo of David Ballard - Solutions Counseling Services, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
David Ballard - Solutions Counseling Services
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, PIT, ART, EMDR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374
Waitlist for new clients
Currently scheduling clients for January. In-person: Mon, Tues, Thurs nights and Saturdays. Virtually: week days and nights. Reach out now to schedule. You deserve to be treated with an individualized treatment plan designed specifically for you, in a therapeutic process tailored to fit your needs. My top priority is to ensure that the process is as safe, confidential, and as comfortable as it needs to be for you, even if that means referring you to someone else who could better aide you in your journey. Processing trauma, healing, and recovery can be difficult. I know the personal journey of healing and recovery myself.
Currently scheduling clients for January. In-person: Mon, Tues, Thurs nights and Saturdays. Virtually: week days and nights. Reach out now to schedule. You deserve to be treated with an individualized treatment plan designed specifically for you, in a therapeutic process tailored to fit your needs. My top priority is to ensure that the process is as safe, confidential, and as comfortable as it needs to be for you, even if that means referring you to someone else who could better aide you in your journey. Processing trauma, healing, and recovery can be difficult. I know the personal journey of healing and recovery myself.
(623) 292-3278 View (623) 292-3278
Photo of Tara Robin, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Tara Robin
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSc, NCC, MEd
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85379  (Online Only)
There is light at the end of the tunnel. Often it is hard to see. Sometimes the issues we are dealing with can feel like they are crushing us. The cycle of depression and anxiety might feel never-ending. It can get better! These issues could stem from traumatic life events. Perhaps we are just overwhelmed juggling work, life, and family, and have lost sight of ourselves. Sometimes we struggle to work things out. We all need a little help and guidance at times. I use an integrative approach to assist clients in navigating difficult periods in their lives. I work with adults 18 years and older.
There is light at the end of the tunnel. Often it is hard to see. Sometimes the issues we are dealing with can feel like they are crushing us. The cycle of depression and anxiety might feel never-ending. It can get better! These issues could stem from traumatic life events. Perhaps we are just overwhelmed juggling work, life, and family, and have lost sight of ourselves. Sometimes we struggle to work things out. We all need a little help and guidance at times. I use an integrative approach to assist clients in navigating difficult periods in their lives. I work with adults 18 years and older.
(602) 737-3681 View (602) 737-3681
Photo of Elizabeth Crowley, Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Elizabeth Crowley
Counselor, LAC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374
Being vulnerable, sharing trauma, facing fears, and experiencing change can feel overwhelming and isolating. However, I believe that with the right person by your side, growth and change are possible for everyone. Making it important to meet each individual where they are and build a strong foundation from there. Requiring sessions tailored to individual needs through collaborative efforts. And providing you with coping skills to manage your daily stressors. With varied experiences, I have a personal familiarity with (but not limited to) foster care and adoption, first responders (police, fire, EMS), and the field of education.
Being vulnerable, sharing trauma, facing fears, and experiencing change can feel overwhelming and isolating. However, I believe that with the right person by your side, growth and change are possible for everyone. Making it important to meet each individual where they are and build a strong foundation from there. Requiring sessions tailored to individual needs through collaborative efforts. And providing you with coping skills to manage your daily stressors. With varied experiences, I have a personal familiarity with (but not limited to) foster care and adoption, first responders (police, fire, EMS), and the field of education.
(623) 343-6055 View (623) 343-6055
Photo of Camea Ursula Peca in Surprise, AZ
Camea Ursula Peca
PhD, MSc, GradDip, CFTP, CCTSI
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85379
My practice is rooted in compassion, kindness, growth, creativity. I will present you with a customized plan based on my years of training and experience that will meet you where you are at and push you into the future. I am open to working will all ages and stages and have experience from birth to 75! I look at each person as an individual and enjoy supporting and being of service to anyone that is looking to be the best version of themselves! I specialize in healing the brain and body of trauma and taking control back from fear!
My practice is rooted in compassion, kindness, growth, creativity. I will present you with a customized plan based on my years of training and experience that will meet you where you are at and push you into the future. I am open to working will all ages and stages and have experience from birth to 75! I look at each person as an individual and enjoy supporting and being of service to anyone that is looking to be the best version of themselves! I specialize in healing the brain and body of trauma and taking control back from fear!
(602) 962-1621 View (602) 962-1621
Photo of Dr. Meghan Hammel, Psychologist in Surprise, AZ
Dr. Meghan Hammel
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85388  (Online Only)
Hi! I am a Clinical Psychologist offering therapy services to women in Arizona, California, and all participating PsyPact States. I offer support during transitions related to early career, relationships/family, pregnancy/postpartum, and early parenthood years. Many clients report experiencing increased stress or uncertainty during these transitions, and may describe periods of low mood, worry/nervousness, sleep problems, irritability, guilt, or grief/loss. Clients may also struggle with perfectionism or feel overwhelmed or burned out by managing career pressures and caretaking/parenting roles.
Hi! I am a Clinical Psychologist offering therapy services to women in Arizona, California, and all participating PsyPact States. I offer support during transitions related to early career, relationships/family, pregnancy/postpartum, and early parenthood years. Many clients report experiencing increased stress or uncertainty during these transitions, and may describe periods of low mood, worry/nervousness, sleep problems, irritability, guilt, or grief/loss. Clients may also struggle with perfectionism or feel overwhelmed or burned out by managing career pressures and caretaking/parenting roles.
(480) 690-9610 View (480) 690-9610
Photo of Samantha Moss, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Samantha Moss
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85387  (Online Only)
It can be difficult navigating through the internal conflicts that happen throughout life. An important part of development is to find alignment with your sense of self, and who you want to be. Things from our past can get in the way of feeling aligned with our best selves, and we don't always have the tools to navigate, or even explore these past emotions or events. I believe emotions exist on a spectrum, and once you grasp the ability to understand where you are, and why you are there, you will be able to feel a sense of control.
It can be difficult navigating through the internal conflicts that happen throughout life. An important part of development is to find alignment with your sense of self, and who you want to be. Things from our past can get in the way of feeling aligned with our best selves, and we don't always have the tools to navigate, or even explore these past emotions or events. I believe emotions exist on a spectrum, and once you grasp the ability to understand where you are, and why you are there, you will be able to feel a sense of control.
(623) 624-9338 View (623) 624-9338
Photo of Dr. Mindy Beth Lipson, PLLC, Psychologist in Surprise, AZ
Dr. Mindy Beth Lipson, PLLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374  (Online Only)
The most important place to begin to make changes in your life is within yourself. Change often is delayed because of fear. Often we are faced with extremely difficult experiences which challenge us to the core. The types of therapy that are utilized at my office can help you in ways you can not or have not imagined due to your current situation. If you are ready to begin to make some necessary changes, no matter how small or large, I am here to assist you and share with you. Why not take the first step in your new journey here. Looking forward to hearing from you.
The most important place to begin to make changes in your life is within yourself. Change often is delayed because of fear. Often we are faced with extremely difficult experiences which challenge us to the core. The types of therapy that are utilized at my office can help you in ways you can not or have not imagined due to your current situation. If you are ready to begin to make some necessary changes, no matter how small or large, I am here to assist you and share with you. Why not take the first step in your new journey here. Looking forward to hearing from you.
(623) 294-1993 View (623) 294-1993
Photo of Angela Christian, Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Angela Christian
Counselor, MAEd, LAC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
My practice is client-driven, meaning that each session is focused only on the client's needs and goals - not on my personal agenda. I want each client to feel as though they are making measurable progress, so all of my clients are involved in creating their own treatment plan. My approach is straight-forward, compassionate, and non-judgmental. My number one desire is to work with each client to achieve peace, happiness, and hope.
My practice is client-driven, meaning that each session is focused only on the client's needs and goals - not on my personal agenda. I want each client to feel as though they are making measurable progress, so all of my clients are involved in creating their own treatment plan. My approach is straight-forward, compassionate, and non-judgmental. My number one desire is to work with each client to achieve peace, happiness, and hope.
(623) 294-0257 View (623) 294-0257
Photo of Jessica Frost, Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Jessica Frost
Counselor, MS, LAC-T
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374
Not accepting new clients
Hello, my name is Jessica Frost and I am a Christian EMDR therapist located here in Surprise, AZ. I work with adolescents and adults and work with a variety of populations. I am affiliated with Christian Counseling Services and offer a Christ-centered and trauma-informed care. I believe in an integration of mind and spirit for healing.
Hello, my name is Jessica Frost and I am a Christian EMDR therapist located here in Surprise, AZ. I work with adolescents and adults and work with a variety of populations. I am affiliated with Christian Counseling Services and offer a Christ-centered and trauma-informed care. I believe in an integration of mind and spirit for healing.
(623) 304-7240 View (623) 304-7240
Photo of Cindy Walker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Cindy Walker
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85388  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I strive to provide compassionate counseling services to individuals and families through a holistic and family systems lens. My passion is working with anxiety, depression, and neurodivergence, which includes but is not limited to autism, ADHD, sensory processing disorder, and highly sensitive persons. My goal is to help you build resilience so you may face your struggles and adversities with courage, strength, and wisdom. I will work with you to cultivate connection, flexibility, perseverance, self-regulation, positivity, and self-care to harness the resilience that is carried within you.
I strive to provide compassionate counseling services to individuals and families through a holistic and family systems lens. My passion is working with anxiety, depression, and neurodivergence, which includes but is not limited to autism, ADHD, sensory processing disorder, and highly sensitive persons. My goal is to help you build resilience so you may face your struggles and adversities with courage, strength, and wisdom. I will work with you to cultivate connection, flexibility, perseverance, self-regulation, positivity, and self-care to harness the resilience that is carried within you.
(623) 462-4422 View (623) 462-4422
Photo of Christine Cook, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Christine Cook
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I’m passionate about helping you find ways to overcome difficult and overwhelming challenges in your life by building on your strengths and creating healthy coping skills. I have a sensitive, compassionate, accepting, non-judgmental, and genuine approach to helping you grow and heal. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique strengths and specific needs.
I’m passionate about helping you find ways to overcome difficult and overwhelming challenges in your life by building on your strengths and creating healthy coping skills. I have a sensitive, compassionate, accepting, non-judgmental, and genuine approach to helping you grow and heal. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique strengths and specific needs.
(623) 257-6519 View (623) 257-6519
Photo of Rebecca Lucas, Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Rebecca Lucas
Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
There is a more compassionate way to motivate change! I provide in-person sessions in Surprise, AZ and telehealth to clients all over Arizona. I believe the best life is one lived with meaning and purpose where we are connected to others in healthy ways. Challenges and hardships are guaranteed. Bad things happen. How we look at and respond to these experiences can create obstacles to living the life we desire. My goal is to provide a safe place to explore the origins of pain with self-compassion. My passion is working with clients to unlock this self-compassion, making room for breakthrough and healing.
There is a more compassionate way to motivate change! I provide in-person sessions in Surprise, AZ and telehealth to clients all over Arizona. I believe the best life is one lived with meaning and purpose where we are connected to others in healthy ways. Challenges and hardships are guaranteed. Bad things happen. How we look at and respond to these experiences can create obstacles to living the life we desire. My goal is to provide a safe place to explore the origins of pain with self-compassion. My passion is working with clients to unlock this self-compassion, making room for breakthrough and healing.
(480) 605-1796 View (480) 605-1796
Photo of Patricia Elias, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Patricia Elias
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85379
I listen, act, and transform. Many of us are faced with some very big challenges in today's society, increasing stress, depression and anxiety as we struggle to make sense of what is going on in the world. The realization that there is little we can do to change or control the situation makes things all the more difficult. I help you to see that there is hope and optimism for a brighter future if we take the time to focus on the things that we can change and control in our lives. Results have been amazing for the majority of those I work with, and I would welcome the opportunity to work with you.
I listen, act, and transform. Many of us are faced with some very big challenges in today's society, increasing stress, depression and anxiety as we struggle to make sense of what is going on in the world. The realization that there is little we can do to change or control the situation makes things all the more difficult. I help you to see that there is hope and optimism for a brighter future if we take the time to focus on the things that we can change and control in our lives. Results have been amazing for the majority of those I work with, and I would welcome the opportunity to work with you.
(928) 223-4397 View (928) 223-4397
Photo of Simpson-Reblin Consulting, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Simpson-Reblin Consulting, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
If you are someone who is struggling with mental health or substance use, I am here to help! I am available to see clients of all ages and for a variety of different concerns. I enjoy helping people to feel like the best version of themselves.
If you are someone who is struggling with mental health or substance use, I am here to help! I am available to see clients of all ages and for a variety of different concerns. I enjoy helping people to feel like the best version of themselves.
(623) 278-7804 View (623) 278-7804
Photo of Stepping Stones Behavior Suppport, AZ, Behavior Analyst in Surprise, AZ
Stepping Stones Behavior Suppport, AZ
Behavior Analyst, MA, BCBA
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374
We do NOT provide Counseling Services. Autism diagnosis required for insurance to cover ABA services. SSBS, LLC uses the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to promote learning in the natural environment and address behaviors that affect communication, functional living skills, and social interactions. Melissa became a BCBA in 2017, her desire to work with children with special needs led her to the field of Applied Behavior Analysis. Melissa has over 10 years of experience working with children with special needs. She has experience with both in-home and clinical settings as a supervisor, and parent trainer.
We do NOT provide Counseling Services. Autism diagnosis required for insurance to cover ABA services. SSBS, LLC uses the principles of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) to promote learning in the natural environment and address behaviors that affect communication, functional living skills, and social interactions. Melissa became a BCBA in 2017, her desire to work with children with special needs led her to the field of Applied Behavior Analysis. Melissa has over 10 years of experience working with children with special needs. She has experience with both in-home and clinical settings as a supervisor, and parent trainer.
(623) 624-8894 View (623) 624-8894
Photo of Jessica Kaffer, Psychologist in Surprise, AZ
Jessica Kaffer
Psychologist, PsyD, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85374  (Online Only)
Virtual appointments only- I am dedicated to providing the best quality of care by assessing each client's individual needs and assisting them in developing the skills necessary to get back to a more enjoyable and fulfilling place in life. I am able to provide teletherapy services to the following states: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia (D.C.), Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia
Virtual appointments only- I am dedicated to providing the best quality of care by assessing each client's individual needs and assisting them in developing the skills necessary to get back to a more enjoyable and fulfilling place in life. I am able to provide teletherapy services to the following states: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia (D.C.), Georgia, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, West Virginia
(623) 303-9858 View (623) 303-9858
Photo of Victoria Weaver, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Surprise, AZ
Victoria Weaver
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374
New clients, please email for availability. Hello, and welcome to Pathfinder Counseling. My name is Victoria and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My goal is to provide you with a safe space and resources to help you understand yourself and create the life you want. I work with adults and specialize in treatment of anxiety, depression and PTSD.
New clients, please email for availability. Hello, and welcome to Pathfinder Counseling. My name is Victoria and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. My goal is to provide you with a safe space and resources to help you understand yourself and create the life you want. I work with adults and specialize in treatment of anxiety, depression and PTSD.
(623) 469-7362 View (623) 469-7362
Christopher L Jackson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MC, LPC, LISAC
Verified Verified
Surprise, AZ 85378
I provide individual counseling services for those affected by gambling addiction. I focus on assisting the gambler to decrease or eliminate gambling activities. I have developed multiple interventions over the past 15 years counseling gamblers. Many of those services can be covered by the Arizona Department of Gaming Office of Problem Gambling, Treatment Assistance Program if certain criteria is met. Additionally, provide counseling for Veterans and narcissistic abuse recovery. Most major insurance is accepted.
I provide individual counseling services for those affected by gambling addiction. I focus on assisting the gambler to decrease or eliminate gambling activities. I have developed multiple interventions over the past 15 years counseling gamblers. Many of those services can be covered by the Arizona Department of Gaming Office of Problem Gambling, Treatment Assistance Program if certain criteria is met. Additionally, provide counseling for Veterans and narcissistic abuse recovery. Most major insurance is accepted.
(602) 900-9685 View (602) 900-9685
Photo of Kristen Burnsmith, Counselor in Surprise, AZ
Kristen Burnsmith
Counselor, LPC, SEP
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Surprise, AZ 85374
I am a Licensed Counselor trained in several trauma resolution models. My style is eclectic and client-centered with a goal of creating a safe place to help you live the best life for you. I believe everyone has the ability to heal and that the right therapist can help you experience and recognize your true self so you can start enjoying a life filled with joy, passion and love. I specialize in working with people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, LGBTQ issues, trauma of all kinds, addictions and relational issues.
I am a Licensed Counselor trained in several trauma resolution models. My style is eclectic and client-centered with a goal of creating a safe place to help you live the best life for you. I believe everyone has the ability to heal and that the right therapist can help you experience and recognize your true self so you can start enjoying a life filled with joy, passion and love. I specialize in working with people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, LGBTQ issues, trauma of all kinds, addictions and relational issues.
(623) 300-1939 View (623) 300-1939

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Surprise, AZ

100+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Surprise, AZ who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress
68% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Aetna
69% BlueCross and BlueShield
66% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Surprise, AZ see their clients

62% In Person and Online
38% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Surprise?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.