Therapists in Portland, OR

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Photo of Bridget Saladino, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Bridget Saladino
Professional Counselor Associate, MDiv, LPCA, NHA AT, KAT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97212
I provide a therapeutic bridge to healing, improved relationships, and how you want to be. We all experience some amount of trauma, grief, and loss, struggle with transitions, and frustration in our most important relationships. Healing and transformation are possible. You deserve to be heard and seen. I work with all age groups, genders, orientations, ethnicities, and belief systems with an affirming, non-judgmental approach. Are you ready for a breakthrough? I have the tools to help you break through quickly. Just need encouragement? We'll move at your pace on whatever you are ready to face with the tools to keep you safe.
I provide a therapeutic bridge to healing, improved relationships, and how you want to be. We all experience some amount of trauma, grief, and loss, struggle with transitions, and frustration in our most important relationships. Healing and transformation are possible. You deserve to be heard and seen. I work with all age groups, genders, orientations, ethnicities, and belief systems with an affirming, non-judgmental approach. Are you ready for a breakthrough? I have the tools to help you break through quickly. Just need encouragement? We'll move at your pace on whatever you are ready to face with the tools to keep you safe.
(503) 852-5662 View (503) 852-5662
Photo of Laurel Johnson in Portland, OR
Laurel Johnson
MSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214
When it is a hard time to be a human, it is exponentially more difficult to be a caregiver. The good news is that you don’t have to do it alone. Reaching out for support can bring more ease and joy to your relationship with your child (or children). You might be interested in making sense of challenging or confusing behaviors; discipline & confident limit setting; understanding & responding to your child’s crying or tantrums; supporting play, independence & learning; clarifying your values & developing a caregiving approach; setting up a supportive environment; working with your own triggers, and/or carving out time for self care.
When it is a hard time to be a human, it is exponentially more difficult to be a caregiver. The good news is that you don’t have to do it alone. Reaching out for support can bring more ease and joy to your relationship with your child (or children). You might be interested in making sense of challenging or confusing behaviors; discipline & confident limit setting; understanding & responding to your child’s crying or tantrums; supporting play, independence & learning; clarifying your values & developing a caregiving approach; setting up a supportive environment; working with your own triggers, and/or carving out time for self care.
(971) 571-5657 View (971) 571-5657
Photo of Corrine Nightingale, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Corrine Nightingale
Professional Counselor Associate , MS, CRC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97217  (Online Only)
We all look for empathy, understanding, and connection in our lives and relationships. When moving through the world with a non-dominant identity, it can be difficult to find acceptance, confidence and a sense of belonging. As a biracial Chamoru woman, I have been navigating these struggles throughout my life. I hope to work with others who are looking to cultivate relationships with their core identities, while navigating the challenges related to systems of oppression. My clients often identify as people of color, LGBTQ+, disabled, and/or chronically ill, as well as part of nerd, geek or techie communities.
We all look for empathy, understanding, and connection in our lives and relationships. When moving through the world with a non-dominant identity, it can be difficult to find acceptance, confidence and a sense of belonging. As a biracial Chamoru woman, I have been navigating these struggles throughout my life. I hope to work with others who are looking to cultivate relationships with their core identities, while navigating the challenges related to systems of oppression. My clients often identify as people of color, LGBTQ+, disabled, and/or chronically ill, as well as part of nerd, geek or techie communities.
(971) 251-2387 View (971) 251-2387
Photo of Stephanie Solar, LMFT, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Stephanie Solar, LMFT
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213  (Online Only)
Let's face it. Life is a juggling act between home, work, school, friends and family. Our bodies are bioenergetic systems geared for balance. When things go well, our energy flows and we feel good. When life happens and stress occurs, we can feel anxiety, depression and physical pain. We reach outside ourselves for relief when going inside is the answer. If you are ready for change and are committed to making that happen, please make an appointment today. My approach is wholistic and I use Energy Psychology (Tapping), Zen Buddhism and Mindfulness to achieve a client's goals.
Let's face it. Life is a juggling act between home, work, school, friends and family. Our bodies are bioenergetic systems geared for balance. When things go well, our energy flows and we feel good. When life happens and stress occurs, we can feel anxiety, depression and physical pain. We reach outside ourselves for relief when going inside is the answer. If you are ready for change and are committed to making that happen, please make an appointment today. My approach is wholistic and I use Energy Psychology (Tapping), Zen Buddhism and Mindfulness to achieve a client's goals.
(971) 545-4448 View (971) 545-4448
Photo of Ranann Blatter, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Ranann Blatter
Professional Counselor Associate, MS, NCC, HTR
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97296
Does the idea of sitting in an office not feel supportive to you? Do you feel more authentic, inspired, and connected in nature? As beings who are part of nature, aligning with the timing of nature allows our nervous systems to relax and regulate. Our cultural timelines emphasize productivity and constant striving for more, pressures that go against our natural proclivity for essential things like rest, awe, enjoyment, presence, and connection. When we reconnect to the rhythm of our natural surroundings, we easily bring ourselves back to baseline where we can restore wellness, be creative, & truly experience the fullness of life.
Does the idea of sitting in an office not feel supportive to you? Do you feel more authentic, inspired, and connected in nature? As beings who are part of nature, aligning with the timing of nature allows our nervous systems to relax and regulate. Our cultural timelines emphasize productivity and constant striving for more, pressures that go against our natural proclivity for essential things like rest, awe, enjoyment, presence, and connection. When we reconnect to the rhythm of our natural surroundings, we easily bring ourselves back to baseline where we can restore wellness, be creative, & truly experience the fullness of life.
(971) 247-3292 View (971) 247-3292
Photo of Kimberly Fuller, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Kimberly Fuller
Professional Counselor Associate, NCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97205  (Online Only)
I am a Professional Counselor Associate in Oregon and a National Certified Counselor. I was born and raised in Central Oregon, and I feel blessed to call myself an Oregonian. I enjoy art, nature, traveling & spending time with family. I received my master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling & have completed extensive specialty training courses required for the ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider (ADHD-CCSP) Certification. I also have experience working with trauma, anxiety, & depression.
I am a Professional Counselor Associate in Oregon and a National Certified Counselor. I was born and raised in Central Oregon, and I feel blessed to call myself an Oregonian. I enjoy art, nature, traveling & spending time with family. I received my master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling & have completed extensive specialty training courses required for the ADHD Certified Clinical Services Provider (ADHD-CCSP) Certification. I also have experience working with trauma, anxiety, & depression.
(971) 318-6509 View (971) 318-6509
Photo of Sara Fuller Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Sara Fuller Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, LSC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97213
Welcome. Are you or your child struggling with anxiety, worry or anger? Do your thoughts and feelings sometimes overwhelm you or make you feel out of control? As a licensed mental health therapist and CCATP-CA my goal is to help you find kindness for the parts of you that are struggling, create understanding around your individual experience, and empower you through skills-based practices that can help you stay in control of your emotions instead of feeling like they are controlling you.
Welcome. Are you or your child struggling with anxiety, worry or anger? Do your thoughts and feelings sometimes overwhelm you or make you feel out of control? As a licensed mental health therapist and CCATP-CA my goal is to help you find kindness for the parts of you that are struggling, create understanding around your individual experience, and empower you through skills-based practices that can help you stay in control of your emotions instead of feeling like they are controlling you.
(503) 850-0709 View (503) 850-0709
Photo of Heidi Swartzmiller, Marriage & Family Therapist in Portland, OR
Heidi Swartzmiller
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214
Welcome! I enjoy working with individuals and couples, and walking alongside them in their healing. I believe therapy is a collaborative experience between the family and therapist, that each client has the resiliency and resources they need already within, and that it is our job to uncover them. My work with clients considers biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors. I specialize in working with clients who are experiencing relational distress, sex concerns, infertility/pregnancy issues, transracial/transnational family dynamics, processing trauma, religion and spirituality, body-image concerns, or low self esteem.
Welcome! I enjoy working with individuals and couples, and walking alongside them in their healing. I believe therapy is a collaborative experience between the family and therapist, that each client has the resiliency and resources they need already within, and that it is our job to uncover them. My work with clients considers biological, psychological, social, and spiritual factors. I specialize in working with clients who are experiencing relational distress, sex concerns, infertility/pregnancy issues, transracial/transnational family dynamics, processing trauma, religion and spirituality, body-image concerns, or low self esteem.
(503) 966-8786 View (503) 966-8786
Photo of Emily Anne Weidlich, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Emily Anne Weidlich
Professional Counselor Associate, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97215
Everyone needs support and encouragement, and though our friends and family play an integral role in our lives, they often struggle with finding the words to say when we face truly troubling experiences. As a trained counselor, my goal is to skillfully and empathetically help you navigate your challenges by working together to develop greater insight into your experience, foster an honest and compassionate stance towards your previous efforts, and develop more adaptive skills and perspectives to aid you moving forward.
Everyone needs support and encouragement, and though our friends and family play an integral role in our lives, they often struggle with finding the words to say when we face truly troubling experiences. As a trained counselor, my goal is to skillfully and empathetically help you navigate your challenges by working together to develop greater insight into your experience, foster an honest and compassionate stance towards your previous efforts, and develop more adaptive skills and perspectives to aid you moving forward.
(503) 506-4505 View (503) 506-4505
Photo of Portland Elder Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Portland Elder Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97236
Mental health concerns for aging persons can become crippling. Older adults who experience depression and anxiety will likely continue to do so until its addressed through assessment, diagnosis and treatment by a clinician. Symptoms that indicate depression and anxiety in older adults can include feeling sad or down, feeling lonely, tearfulness, excessive fears and worries, decreases in appetite and weight, extreme mood changes, withdraw from friends, family, and social events, and frequently talking abut death. Now accepting new patients!
Mental health concerns for aging persons can become crippling. Older adults who experience depression and anxiety will likely continue to do so until its addressed through assessment, diagnosis and treatment by a clinician. Symptoms that indicate depression and anxiety in older adults can include feeling sad or down, feeling lonely, tearfulness, excessive fears and worries, decreases in appetite and weight, extreme mood changes, withdraw from friends, family, and social events, and frequently talking abut death. Now accepting new patients!
(503) 543-1408 View (503) 543-1408
Photo of Katherine Jansen-Byrkit, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Katherine Jansen-Byrkit
Licensed Professional Counselor, MPH, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239
My style in working with clients is positive and direct. I believe wholeheartedly in the possibility of change, and that the deepest, most powerful change starts on the inside. As our core beliefs, patterns and awareness shifts, life on the outside begins to reflect those internal changes, resulting in greater satisfaction and meaning. My approach involves working in partnership with clients, using the counseling relationship as a catalist on the journey to healing and growth, both individually and in relationships.
My style in working with clients is positive and direct. I believe wholeheartedly in the possibility of change, and that the deepest, most powerful change starts on the inside. As our core beliefs, patterns and awareness shifts, life on the outside begins to reflect those internal changes, resulting in greater satisfaction and meaning. My approach involves working in partnership with clients, using the counseling relationship as a catalist on the journey to healing and growth, both individually and in relationships.
(503) 354-3153 View (503) 354-3153
Photo of Ceshaun Hankins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Ceshaun Hankins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214
You're looking to be understood in your experience. You struggle with questioning if you are the issue or if it's the world around you. You live and work in high-stress and demanding environments where you're underrepresented. You've begun to realize your old ways of coping aren't working the same anymore. You may have even tried standard talk therapy in the past - and while helpful - you still find yourself troubled by disturbing experiences or memories.
You're looking to be understood in your experience. You struggle with questioning if you are the issue or if it's the world around you. You live and work in high-stress and demanding environments where you're underrepresented. You've begun to realize your old ways of coping aren't working the same anymore. You may have even tried standard talk therapy in the past - and while helpful - you still find yourself troubled by disturbing experiences or memories.
(503) 822-3797 View (503) 822-3797
Photo of Matt Elliott in Portland, OR
Matt Elliott
LMFT
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97205
I provide a focused and understanding space that supports you opening to your own aliveness and your voice. I bring my full attention, my honest feeling, and I will share what I see will help you. Often our first response to misfortune is to fight against it. While we may have skillful ways of doing this, our efforts nevertheless become futile and disconnect us from others. Our energy gets bound up, we get stuck in elusive cycles. However, our truths are complex and deserve to be recognized.
I provide a focused and understanding space that supports you opening to your own aliveness and your voice. I bring my full attention, my honest feeling, and I will share what I see will help you. Often our first response to misfortune is to fight against it. While we may have skillful ways of doing this, our efforts nevertheless become futile and disconnect us from others. Our energy gets bound up, we get stuck in elusive cycles. However, our truths are complex and deserve to be recognized.
(458) 224-1660 View (458) 224-1660
Photo of Kathleen M Girod, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Kathleen M Girod
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97239  (Online Only)
Therapy can offer hope in the midst of depression, anxiety, trauma, stressful challenges in work, relationships, health, or other arenas of life. It can also help us respond thoughtfully and creatively rather than anxiously or destructively. I am a firm believer in learning to be open towards yourself, your relationships, and life transitions. This is a more powerful motivator than mentally beating yourself up. We'll work together to identify strengths you can use towards making important life changes, and to build coping skills to deal with difficult emotions, trust, relationship issues, and negative thoughts you might have about yourself.
Therapy can offer hope in the midst of depression, anxiety, trauma, stressful challenges in work, relationships, health, or other arenas of life. It can also help us respond thoughtfully and creatively rather than anxiously or destructively. I am a firm believer in learning to be open towards yourself, your relationships, and life transitions. This is a more powerful motivator than mentally beating yourself up. We'll work together to identify strengths you can use towards making important life changes, and to build coping skills to deal with difficult emotions, trust, relationship issues, and negative thoughts you might have about yourself.
(503) 850-0229 View (503) 850-0229
Photo of Erica Weber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Erica Weber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97232
I believe that it is important to find a therapist that is a good fit for you. There are many wonderful therapists, but it is important for you to feel that you are understood, supported, and sometimes gently challenged by your therapist. I will ask you to identify what you want help with or what you are feeling distress around and then will actively work with you toward your goals.
I believe that it is important to find a therapist that is a good fit for you. There are many wonderful therapists, but it is important for you to feel that you are understood, supported, and sometimes gently challenged by your therapist. I will ask you to identify what you want help with or what you are feeling distress around and then will actively work with you toward your goals.
(503) 476-9119 View (503) 476-9119
Photo of Luann K. Wu, Licensed Professional Counselor in Portland, OR
Luann K. Wu
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97225  (Online Only)
Has life led you to unforeseen circumstances? Are you feeling stuck in a relationship? Does trauma from your past keep showing up in your present life? Maybe you are considering a career change or are dealing with another major life transition that is confusing? It can make you feel isolated and alone. You might be feeling depressed or anxious over your life circumstances. You would like to feel happier, healthier, and more in control.
Has life led you to unforeseen circumstances? Are you feeling stuck in a relationship? Does trauma from your past keep showing up in your present life? Maybe you are considering a career change or are dealing with another major life transition that is confusing? It can make you feel isolated and alone. You might be feeling depressed or anxious over your life circumstances. You would like to feel happier, healthier, and more in control.
(971) 299-3081 View (971) 299-3081
Photo of Manola Kerr, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Manola Kerr
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97206
Waitlist for new clients
I provide individual therapy for people who are feeling stuck and need support understanding how to get through a tough time. Many people benefit from an outside perspective for navigating life transitions, coping with stress, or dealing with family conflict and other important relationships. Often people struggle with conflicting needs as they evaluate their lives and relationships. When life feels out of control, I can provide compassionate guidance for gaining self-awareness and building confidence. Individuals can learn healthy communication, boundaries, and effective coping tools. Therapy can bring calm to the chaos.
I provide individual therapy for people who are feeling stuck and need support understanding how to get through a tough time. Many people benefit from an outside perspective for navigating life transitions, coping with stress, or dealing with family conflict and other important relationships. Often people struggle with conflicting needs as they evaluate their lives and relationships. When life feels out of control, I can provide compassionate guidance for gaining self-awareness and building confidence. Individuals can learn healthy communication, boundaries, and effective coping tools. Therapy can bring calm to the chaos.
(503) 782-5080 View (503) 782-5080
Photo of Meaghan Myers, Professional Counselor Associate in Portland, OR
Meaghan Myers
Professional Counselor Associate , MA
Verified Verified
Portland, OR 97214
Accepting New Clients! Do you feel like you are meant for so much more than you are currently doing in life? Do you yearn to find meaning, purpose and a connection to something greater? Are you exhausted trying to function under the weight of the capitalist colonial system? You are not alone, and having an understanding person to help you move beyond surviving and into thriving can be life changing.
Accepting New Clients! Do you feel like you are meant for so much more than you are currently doing in life? Do you yearn to find meaning, purpose and a connection to something greater? Are you exhausted trying to function under the weight of the capitalist colonial system? You are not alone, and having an understanding person to help you move beyond surviving and into thriving can be life changing.
(971) 290-2572 View (971) 290-2572
Photo of Coach4Parents in Portland, OR
Coach4Parents
MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97214  (Online Only)
You try your best as a parent or teaming up as a couple, yet sometimes feel overwhelmed. You deserve a life which feels balanced, energized, and fun. Our goal is to work together to identify new tools for your "parenting or relationship toolkit" which you can use immediately to positively impact your life at home. Partnered or as a sole parent, we work to identify your unique parenting style and the challenges you are navigating. I have over 25 years of experience working with parents & couples in schools, court, or mental health settings. For parent or couples counseling, schedule a free 30 minute consult at Coach4Parents.com
You try your best as a parent or teaming up as a couple, yet sometimes feel overwhelmed. You deserve a life which feels balanced, energized, and fun. Our goal is to work together to identify new tools for your "parenting or relationship toolkit" which you can use immediately to positively impact your life at home. Partnered or as a sole parent, we work to identify your unique parenting style and the challenges you are navigating. I have over 25 years of experience working with parents & couples in schools, court, or mental health settings. For parent or couples counseling, schedule a free 30 minute consult at Coach4Parents.com
(541) 490-1551 View (541) 490-1551
Photo of Amanda J Kruszka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Portland, OR
Amanda J Kruszka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Portland, OR 97217  (Online Only)
Currently FULL 3/15/24. Will update when available for intakes. I am a trauma-informed Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience connecting with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, ethnicities, and social populations, specializing in LGBTQ+
Currently FULL 3/15/24. Will update when available for intakes. I am a trauma-informed Licensed Clinical Social Worker with experience connecting with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds, ethnicities, and social populations, specializing in LGBTQ+
(503) 543-1466 View (503) 543-1466

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Portland, OR

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Portland, OR who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
70% Stress
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

54% PacificSource
47% Aetna
38% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Portland, OR see their clients

56% In Person and Online
44% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Portland?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.