Therapists in Seattle, WA

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Photo of Holly Davis Borrero, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Holly Davis Borrero
Counselor, MS, LMFT , LMHC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98102
I am an Individual, Marriage/Couple, and Family therapist offering evidence-based tele-health "Zoom" counseling sessions for Washingtonians. My focus on resilience invites clients to utilize and develop their own internal strengths. As they begin to build skills, resolve conflict, improve communication, address challenges in their relationships, and reduce symptoms like anxiety and depression, many of my clients heal emotional trauma, relieve angst, find hope, and ultimately flourish.
I am an Individual, Marriage/Couple, and Family therapist offering evidence-based tele-health "Zoom" counseling sessions for Washingtonians. My focus on resilience invites clients to utilize and develop their own internal strengths. As they begin to build skills, resolve conflict, improve communication, address challenges in their relationships, and reduce symptoms like anxiety and depression, many of my clients heal emotional trauma, relieve angst, find hope, and ultimately flourish.
(206) 944-6548 View (206) 944-6548
Photo of Jessie Rees, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Jessie Rees
Counselor, LMHCA, MHP
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98119  (Online Only)
Wherever you are in your life’s journey, I will meet you there and companion you as you move through the obstacles that have kept you from living fully. Life circumstances, trauma and sometimes simply trying to please others can influence how we live and the choices we make. We find that we are not living authentically. I believe that the goals in therapy are to return to our authentic selves and to make life choices that give us meaning, purpose and joy.
Wherever you are in your life’s journey, I will meet you there and companion you as you move through the obstacles that have kept you from living fully. Life circumstances, trauma and sometimes simply trying to please others can influence how we live and the choices we make. We find that we are not living authentically. I believe that the goals in therapy are to return to our authentic selves and to make life choices that give us meaning, purpose and joy.
(206) 207-2176 View (206) 207-2176
Photo of Eileen Scholtz, PLLC, Mental Health Counselor in Seattle, WA
Eileen Scholtz, PLLC
Mental Health Counselor, LMHC, SUDPT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98107  (Online Only)
I am a Washington mental health and substance use professional that works with adult individuals seeking support for their mental health and/or issues related to substance use and addiction. I believe in approaching clients from a holistic perspective to connect mind, body, and spirit by collaborating and acting as a member of their team. I hope to work with individuals to understand the potential and authenticity we all innately hold and be a supportive ally. I work from a social justice and anti-oppression framework because I believe that providing compassion and understanding is not based on linear imperialist belief systems.
I am a Washington mental health and substance use professional that works with adult individuals seeking support for their mental health and/or issues related to substance use and addiction. I believe in approaching clients from a holistic perspective to connect mind, body, and spirit by collaborating and acting as a member of their team. I hope to work with individuals to understand the potential and authenticity we all innately hold and be a supportive ally. I work from a social justice and anti-oppression framework because I believe that providing compassion and understanding is not based on linear imperialist belief systems.
(206) 752-6369 View (206) 752-6369
Photo of Melody Murray, Marriage & Family Therapist in Seattle, WA
Melody Murray
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CMHS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98115  (Online Only)
My clients are usually the person everyone else leans on but don't feel comfortable being vulnerable with others. They find it hard to express or even acknowledge their own feelings because they're taking care of others at home, work or school. My clients are strong but need help creating boundaries so they aren't used or abused anymore. They usually have a history of rough childhood experiences they don't feel safe talking about or, don't even remember. They may not consider their past experiences rough, just things that happened.
My clients are usually the person everyone else leans on but don't feel comfortable being vulnerable with others. They find it hard to express or even acknowledge their own feelings because they're taking care of others at home, work or school. My clients are strong but need help creating boundaries so they aren't used or abused anymore. They usually have a history of rough childhood experiences they don't feel safe talking about or, don't even remember. They may not consider their past experiences rough, just things that happened.
(425) 249-3803 View (425) 249-3803
Andrew Syvertsen
Counselor, LMHC, BCBA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98102  (Online Only)
I provide therapeutic services for adults, adolescents and children. I incorporate aspects of applied behavior analysis, cognitive behavioral therapy, psycho-education, and family systems theories. I work with a broad spectrum of people with diverse neurological makeup including but not limited to those diagnosed with developmental disabilities, ADHD, Autism, Depression and Anxiety.
I provide therapeutic services for adults, adolescents and children. I incorporate aspects of applied behavior analysis, cognitive behavioral therapy, psycho-education, and family systems theories. I work with a broad spectrum of people with diverse neurological makeup including but not limited to those diagnosed with developmental disabilities, ADHD, Autism, Depression and Anxiety.
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Photo of Jennifer A Kittleson, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Jennifer A Kittleson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98115  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
*Full and not taking clients at this time*Welcome! I am a licensed mental health counselor. My practice area of focus is on women and caregivers. Issues I work with include life transitions, relationship dynamics, parenting, pregnancy and postpartum. I often work with caregivers and individuals who may identify with patterns of being emotionally sensitive and highly attuned to others. Clients who come to me are motivated to learn more about themselves and to notice repeating patterns and dynamics in their life. The therapy frameworks I turn to most often include psychodynamic, existential and mindfulness approaches.
*Full and not taking clients at this time*Welcome! I am a licensed mental health counselor. My practice area of focus is on women and caregivers. Issues I work with include life transitions, relationship dynamics, parenting, pregnancy and postpartum. I often work with caregivers and individuals who may identify with patterns of being emotionally sensitive and highly attuned to others. Clients who come to me are motivated to learn more about themselves and to notice repeating patterns and dynamics in their life. The therapy frameworks I turn to most often include psychodynamic, existential and mindfulness approaches.
(206) 929-4409 View (206) 929-4409
Photo of Lorena Abenojar, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Lorena Abenojar
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW , LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98108  (Online Only)
I am passionate about social justice and equity issues affecting historically disadvantaged groups. I work with individuals and families, to help promote self-preservation strategies for helping professionals experiencing aggressions, burnout, and compassion fatigue. In our therapeutic partnership, we will focus on identifying how you can have optimal experiences of nourishment, celebration and healing, to help you acknowledge and center the unheard voices of emotions triggered by trauma, stress, and oppression.
I am passionate about social justice and equity issues affecting historically disadvantaged groups. I work with individuals and families, to help promote self-preservation strategies for helping professionals experiencing aggressions, burnout, and compassion fatigue. In our therapeutic partnership, we will focus on identifying how you can have optimal experiences of nourishment, celebration and healing, to help you acknowledge and center the unheard voices of emotions triggered by trauma, stress, and oppression.
(206) 590-5439 View (206) 590-5439
Photo of Michelle Schneider, Marriage & Family Therapist in Seattle, WA
Michelle Schneider
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CMHS
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98107
Welcome. As a family therapist, I am passionate about coming alongside families to support them through the the more difficult moments of life. I work with children of all ages and their families to improve issues of anxiety, depression, family conflict, trauma, attachment, tantrums and more. I also work with parents to help support finding their confidence in parenting and self, as often parenting can feel like your entire identity, we work to find balance to give space to all the pieces of you. I help create change through play, art, conversation, and connection with caregivers.
Welcome. As a family therapist, I am passionate about coming alongside families to support them through the the more difficult moments of life. I work with children of all ages and their families to improve issues of anxiety, depression, family conflict, trauma, attachment, tantrums and more. I also work with parents to help support finding their confidence in parenting and self, as often parenting can feel like your entire identity, we work to find balance to give space to all the pieces of you. I help create change through play, art, conversation, and connection with caregivers.
(206) 552-8307 View (206) 552-8307
Photo of Katee Martinez, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Katee Martinez
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98102  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients! Do you feel stuck or out of control? Is it difficult to relax no matter how hard you try? Maybe you feel misunderstood or alone even when you’re surrounded by friends and loved ones. This pain can feel endless. As a team, we will work to heal and unlearn patterns and beliefs that contribute to anxiety, uncertainty, and loneliness. Together, we will explore ways to help you navigate anxieties and self-doubt to feel more in control of your life and more empowered to fully be yourself.
Accepting new clients! Do you feel stuck or out of control? Is it difficult to relax no matter how hard you try? Maybe you feel misunderstood or alone even when you’re surrounded by friends and loved ones. This pain can feel endless. As a team, we will work to heal and unlearn patterns and beliefs that contribute to anxiety, uncertainty, and loneliness. Together, we will explore ways to help you navigate anxieties and self-doubt to feel more in control of your life and more empowered to fully be yourself.
(206) 589-8919 View (206) 589-8919
Photo of Sabrina Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Seattle, WA
Sabrina Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98109
Hi there, thank you for checking out my page! I am a couples and sex therapist that enjoys working with a number issues couples experience, commonly including communication difficulties, how to talk about and understand boundaries, and sexual exploration. If you and your partner (or partners - I work with non traditional relationship structure too!) are struggling to share and hear one another in your needs or heal from past hurts I would be honored to guide you through the process. Together, we will explore how unmet needs have become relational issues and rewrite your story to one of emotional understanding, compassion, and love.
Hi there, thank you for checking out my page! I am a couples and sex therapist that enjoys working with a number issues couples experience, commonly including communication difficulties, how to talk about and understand boundaries, and sexual exploration. If you and your partner (or partners - I work with non traditional relationship structure too!) are struggling to share and hear one another in your needs or heal from past hurts I would be honored to guide you through the process. Together, we will explore how unmet needs have become relational issues and rewrite your story to one of emotional understanding, compassion, and love.
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Photo of Jen Dieringer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Jen Dieringer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CMHS, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98107  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Unfortunately, I am not accepting new clients at this time - please contact me if you'd like to be on my waitlist. I believe that everyone has the ability to heal from complex life situations with the help of a supportive ally. Whether it be evaluating your intimate relationships, managing high anxiety that just keeps getting in your way, or finding someone to help your kid or teen deal with emotions - I'm ready to do that complex work. I strive to cultivate the safest space for people to process all that the world throws their way. I honor that the therapeutic process includes genuine acceptance and a healthy dose of humor.
Unfortunately, I am not accepting new clients at this time - please contact me if you'd like to be on my waitlist. I believe that everyone has the ability to heal from complex life situations with the help of a supportive ally. Whether it be evaluating your intimate relationships, managing high anxiety that just keeps getting in your way, or finding someone to help your kid or teen deal with emotions - I'm ready to do that complex work. I strive to cultivate the safest space for people to process all that the world throws their way. I honor that the therapeutic process includes genuine acceptance and a healthy dose of humor.
(206) 593-3322 View (206) 593-3322
Photo of Brie Everard, Psychologist in Seattle, WA
Brie Everard
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98103  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
My style is influenced by the work of Brené Brown, who writes, "We are all made of strength and struggle." I will encourage you to acknowledge and build on your strengths and support you through your struggles. I am passionate about helping people move towards self-acceptance and away from shame and self-doubt. I strive to be authentic, compassionate, and respectful, and to foster a relationship where you feel genuinely seen, heard, and understood.
My style is influenced by the work of Brené Brown, who writes, "We are all made of strength and struggle." I will encourage you to acknowledge and build on your strengths and support you through your struggles. I am passionate about helping people move towards self-acceptance and away from shame and self-doubt. I strive to be authentic, compassionate, and respectful, and to foster a relationship where you feel genuinely seen, heard, and understood.
(425) 390-5142 View (425) 390-5142
Photo of Alexis Hipp, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Alexis Hipp
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98115  (Online Only)
Facing a pivotal moment in your relationship? You’re in the right place. I help individuals and couples navigate the big moments that can happen in romantic relationships: the happy transitions, like getting married & the painful situations, like recovering from infidelity or contemplating divorce. I have specialized training in Discernment Counseling, which helps couples on the brink of divorce get clarity on what they want to do with the future of their relationship, as well as Pre-Marital Counseling for couples who want to set up their relationship for success.
Facing a pivotal moment in your relationship? You’re in the right place. I help individuals and couples navigate the big moments that can happen in romantic relationships: the happy transitions, like getting married & the painful situations, like recovering from infidelity or contemplating divorce. I have specialized training in Discernment Counseling, which helps couples on the brink of divorce get clarity on what they want to do with the future of their relationship, as well as Pre-Marital Counseling for couples who want to set up their relationship for success.
(206) 672-4460 View (206) 672-4460
Photo of Hannah S Dornbusch, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Hannah S Dornbusch
Counselor, MA, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98126  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients and supervisee's (8/2023). My therapeutic approach draws from varied perspectives offered by relational and attachment-focused theories. By thoughtfully integrating these approaches, I strive to provide a comprehensive understanding of my clients' concerns, and help them explore the ways in which their past experiences and relationships have shaped their present challenges. At the heart of my approach is a deep commitment to fostering personal growth and clarity in my clients' lives. I strive to guide clients' to a deeper understanding to help them make meaningful and thoughtful progress towards their goals.
Accepting new clients and supervisee's (8/2023). My therapeutic approach draws from varied perspectives offered by relational and attachment-focused theories. By thoughtfully integrating these approaches, I strive to provide a comprehensive understanding of my clients' concerns, and help them explore the ways in which their past experiences and relationships have shaped their present challenges. At the heart of my approach is a deep commitment to fostering personal growth and clarity in my clients' lives. I strive to guide clients' to a deeper understanding to help them make meaningful and thoughtful progress towards their goals.
(206) 278-9266 View (206) 278-9266
Photo of Anjulie Semenchuk, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Anjulie Semenchuk
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98122  (Online Only)
I look forward to helping you through life's stresses and anxieties. I believe we are all moving through life learning new things and that from time to time we are faced with challenges that may require extra assistance. I am happy to partner with you to find the tools you need to deal with these challenges effectively.  To learn more about me visit my website alpiniacounseling.com
I look forward to helping you through life's stresses and anxieties. I believe we are all moving through life learning new things and that from time to time we are faced with challenges that may require extra assistance. I am happy to partner with you to find the tools you need to deal with these challenges effectively.  To learn more about me visit my website alpiniacounseling.com
(206) 984-6606 View (206) 984-6606
Photo of Brian Jones, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Brian Jones
Counselor, MEd, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98107  (Online Only)
Did you grow up in a controlling religious environment? Did you receive shaming messages leaving you to feel divided on the inside? These experiences can be confusing, making it difficult to know who you really are or what you want out of life. Even though you’ve left the church where you grew up, you still feel shame, guilt, anger, and more. Your family relationships are strained because you no longer fit in with the family culture. These problems have negatively affected the way you interact with romantic partners, authority figures at work, and even with your own body.
Did you grow up in a controlling religious environment? Did you receive shaming messages leaving you to feel divided on the inside? These experiences can be confusing, making it difficult to know who you really are or what you want out of life. Even though you’ve left the church where you grew up, you still feel shame, guilt, anger, and more. Your family relationships are strained because you no longer fit in with the family culture. These problems have negatively affected the way you interact with romantic partners, authority figures at work, and even with your own body.
(206) 350-5344 View (206) 350-5344
Photo of Julie Marinucci, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Julie Marinucci
Counselor, MHP, LMHCA, R-DMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98104
What is your body telling you? Do you or your child/teen ever have that heart-beating fast, sweaty palms, knees shaking, upset stomach, foggy brain feeling? Ever notice these feelings during social events, big life decisions or transitions, in relationships or in particularly overwhelming environments? Do these sensations ever result in feelings of being discouraged, exhausted and preferring to be alone? These are just a few examples of how our bodies can communicate overwhelm or overstimulation of a lived experience. Our mind-body connection can make a huge impact in our ability to regulate and manage these sensations.
What is your body telling you? Do you or your child/teen ever have that heart-beating fast, sweaty palms, knees shaking, upset stomach, foggy brain feeling? Ever notice these feelings during social events, big life decisions or transitions, in relationships or in particularly overwhelming environments? Do these sensations ever result in feelings of being discouraged, exhausted and preferring to be alone? These are just a few examples of how our bodies can communicate overwhelm or overstimulation of a lived experience. Our mind-body connection can make a huge impact in our ability to regulate and manage these sensations.
(206) 558-0135 View (206) 558-0135
Photo of Leslie G Cohn, Psychologist in Seattle, WA
Leslie G Cohn
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98104  (Online Only)
I am a licensed psychologist with more than 25 years of experience treating clients with anxiety, depression, substance dependence, trauma, chronic illness, mania, and relationship concerns. My approach is eclectic, encompassing Internal Family Systems, CBT, family of origin, motivational interviewing and hypnosis. Please see my website for more comprehensive information.
I am a licensed psychologist with more than 25 years of experience treating clients with anxiety, depression, substance dependence, trauma, chronic illness, mania, and relationship concerns. My approach is eclectic, encompassing Internal Family Systems, CBT, family of origin, motivational interviewing and hypnosis. Please see my website for more comprehensive information.
(206) 745-0867 View (206) 745-0867
Photo of Nicole T Shiraev, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Nicole T Shiraev
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98109  (Online Only)
In receiving psychotherapy services from me you can expect to be heard, validated, and to learn new skills and strategies to address the problems for which you are seeking treatment. It is my goal to assist you in experiencing symptom relief, achieve your treatment goals, and to return to your desired level of functioning. As your therapist, I want you to to feel good about yourself and to enjoy full participation in your life as quickly as possible.
In receiving psychotherapy services from me you can expect to be heard, validated, and to learn new skills and strategies to address the problems for which you are seeking treatment. It is my goal to assist you in experiencing symptom relief, achieve your treatment goals, and to return to your desired level of functioning. As your therapist, I want you to to feel good about yourself and to enjoy full participation in your life as quickly as possible.
(206) 866-2951 View (206) 866-2951
Photo of Lori A Hiltz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Lori A Hiltz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98112
I believe in the potential of all people to live satisfying and healthy lives and enjoy helping people reach their individual goals. In my work I join with clients in a safe and collaborative way working to explore, understand and resolve the challenges related to their identified goals. I work with people dealing with a variety of emotional and personal difficulties including depression, anxiety, relationship or work conflicts, personality disorders, trauma or abuse histories, parenting, adolescent issues, grief, reproductive issues, self esteem issues and other general disruptions to social, work or relationship functioning.
I believe in the potential of all people to live satisfying and healthy lives and enjoy helping people reach their individual goals. In my work I join with clients in a safe and collaborative way working to explore, understand and resolve the challenges related to their identified goals. I work with people dealing with a variety of emotional and personal difficulties including depression, anxiety, relationship or work conflicts, personality disorders, trauma or abuse histories, parenting, adolescent issues, grief, reproductive issues, self esteem issues and other general disruptions to social, work or relationship functioning.
(253) 200-9855 View (253) 200-9855

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Seattle, WA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Seattle, WA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
69% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Premera
53% Aetna
47% Regence

How Therapists in Seattle, WA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Seattle?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.