Therapists in San Francisco, CA

View neighborhoods in San Francisco
Photo of Suzie Jeon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Suzie Jeon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94105  (Online Only)
Mental health issues can cripple our ability to engage in relationships. We withdraw and become less present in relationships that matter to us. Our work will empower you to create a community outside of the therapy room. By healing your relationship with yourself, you will start to feel more confident about navigating mental health challenges that keep you isolated and fearful.
Mental health issues can cripple our ability to engage in relationships. We withdraw and become less present in relationships that matter to us. Our work will empower you to create a community outside of the therapy room. By healing your relationship with yourself, you will start to feel more confident about navigating mental health challenges that keep you isolated and fearful.
(415) 942-5523 View (415) 942-5523
Christopher P Cunningham
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94128
I find it rewarding to work with men and women who are skeptical or unfamiliar with psychotherapy. There are many different schools of psychotherapy and this can be confusing. I enjoy educating people as to how best to make use of psychotherapy for their particular needs or crisis. I promote an open dialogue about how our working together is feeling and whether it is producing the results they want. Some clients seek short term help while some seek deeper exploration into their personality, dreams and conflicts. For them I offer a Jungian Analytic approach.
I find it rewarding to work with men and women who are skeptical or unfamiliar with psychotherapy. There are many different schools of psychotherapy and this can be confusing. I enjoy educating people as to how best to make use of psychotherapy for their particular needs or crisis. I promote an open dialogue about how our working together is feeling and whether it is producing the results they want. Some clients seek short term help while some seek deeper exploration into their personality, dreams and conflicts. For them I offer a Jungian Analytic approach.
(415) 237-0325 View (415) 237-0325
Photo of Melissa Eaton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Melissa Eaton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94112  (Online Only)
I'm here to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for your healing and personal growth. With 10 years of experience in treating individuals in psychotherapy, I am passionate about working with clients dealing with trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and substance misuse. I believe that everyone has the inner strength and resilience to overcome obstacles and create positive change in their lives.
I'm here to provide a safe and non-judgmental space for your healing and personal growth. With 10 years of experience in treating individuals in psychotherapy, I am passionate about working with clients dealing with trauma, depression, anxiety, grief and substance misuse. I believe that everyone has the inner strength and resilience to overcome obstacles and create positive change in their lives.
(415) 968-8966 View (415) 968-8966
Photo of Laura Dreyer Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Laura Dreyer Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Therapy is about uncovering patterns that restrict emotions, thoughts, experience, and behavior. I see a variety of clients, from tech leaders to stay at home parents. The client feedback I receive is that I am especially helpful at relationships, career related issues, grief and loss, perfectionism, and self esteem. I have been in private practice for 20 years, and I am the onsite therapist at Google's SF Wellness Center, where clients have specifically sought me out. Clients find me easy to connect with, and appreciate my warmth, sense of humor, and ability to dissect issues. Together, we will work deeply in a safe environment.
Therapy is about uncovering patterns that restrict emotions, thoughts, experience, and behavior. I see a variety of clients, from tech leaders to stay at home parents. The client feedback I receive is that I am especially helpful at relationships, career related issues, grief and loss, perfectionism, and self esteem. I have been in private practice for 20 years, and I am the onsite therapist at Google's SF Wellness Center, where clients have specifically sought me out. Clients find me easy to connect with, and appreciate my warmth, sense of humor, and ability to dissect issues. Together, we will work deeply in a safe environment.
(415) 801-0159 View (415) 801-0159
Photo of Dr. Jeffrey Lawton, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Dr. Jeffrey Lawton
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PsyD, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
I have a therapeutic style that is honest, empathetic, compassionate, and straightforward. Using clinically proven treatment methods via Teletherapy, I work holistically, leveraging a combination of treatments to address mental health concerns such as complex trauma, re-parenting, grief, addiction, PTSD, confidence, work/life balance, abuse, and sexual issues. I am also clinically interested in the study and offering of psychotherapy to those living with dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. My expertise as a Nutritional Psychologist allows me to look at your needs holistically. www.drjeffreylawton.com
I have a therapeutic style that is honest, empathetic, compassionate, and straightforward. Using clinically proven treatment methods via Teletherapy, I work holistically, leveraging a combination of treatments to address mental health concerns such as complex trauma, re-parenting, grief, addiction, PTSD, confidence, work/life balance, abuse, and sexual issues. I am also clinically interested in the study and offering of psychotherapy to those living with dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s. My expertise as a Nutritional Psychologist allows me to look at your needs holistically. www.drjeffreylawton.com
(424) 377-0191 View (424) 377-0191
Photo of Traci Freeman, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Traci Freeman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
You don't have to be in crisis for therapy, it's good just to have someone to talk with. I believe Psychotherapy can be a “point in the right direction” to bring change, healing, and a new sense of hope into your life. This is a place you can talk about anything, where you can explore fears, frustrations, hopes and all the parts of yourself. I am a deep and attentive listener, as well as interactive. One of my goals is to give you my "toolbox" so you can manage life outside the office. My niche is couples therapy, relationship issues, family systems, communication and individuals who want to reach their potential.
You don't have to be in crisis for therapy, it's good just to have someone to talk with. I believe Psychotherapy can be a “point in the right direction” to bring change, healing, and a new sense of hope into your life. This is a place you can talk about anything, where you can explore fears, frustrations, hopes and all the parts of yourself. I am a deep and attentive listener, as well as interactive. One of my goals is to give you my "toolbox" so you can manage life outside the office. My niche is couples therapy, relationship issues, family systems, communication and individuals who want to reach their potential.
(415) 906-3264 View (415) 906-3264
Photo of Chad Tynan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Chad Tynan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I love working with highly motivated couples and individuals who are ready to do the hard work of healing. Maybe you’ve spent years getting degrees or a dream job at the expense of connection to others. Perhaps alcohol or drugs helped you cope for a while but they’ve created some problems of their own. The pressure to succeed can be traumatic and distance you from those you love. I want to help you realign to succeed in life and love!
I love working with highly motivated couples and individuals who are ready to do the hard work of healing. Maybe you’ve spent years getting degrees or a dream job at the expense of connection to others. Perhaps alcohol or drugs helped you cope for a while but they’ve created some problems of their own. The pressure to succeed can be traumatic and distance you from those you love. I want to help you realign to succeed in life and love!
(415) 858-6426 View (415) 858-6426
Photo of Vanessa Wolter, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Vanessa Wolter
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
What does it all mean? This is a scary question you might be asking yourself. As an existential therapist I can help you transform this question into a profound and powerful self/life exploration. When we find ourselves in an existential turning point or crisis we can feel anxious, depressed, and alone, as if no one might understand us. This is where I can come in. Together we can help ground and normalize this scary, painful experience and help “use” this opportunity as a way to let go of old patterns that don’t fit anymore so you can ultimately actualize and embody a new, more authentic and meaningful way of Being.
What does it all mean? This is a scary question you might be asking yourself. As an existential therapist I can help you transform this question into a profound and powerful self/life exploration. When we find ourselves in an existential turning point or crisis we can feel anxious, depressed, and alone, as if no one might understand us. This is where I can come in. Together we can help ground and normalize this scary, painful experience and help “use” this opportunity as a way to let go of old patterns that don’t fit anymore so you can ultimately actualize and embody a new, more authentic and meaningful way of Being.
(415) 237-9513 View (415) 237-9513
Photo of Carolyn Josephine Sidhu, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Carolyn Josephine Sidhu
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110
I was born and raised in North Carolina and have lived in California for over 20 years. I am a single mother of 2 daughters and have first-hand experience navigating through a divorce and parenthood. My passions include being a mother, spending time with family and friends, playing beach volleyball, and traveling to new places. I consider myself a kind person who is honest, open-minded, emphatic, and always ready for an adventure. I have been a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) for over 12 years and began my career as a Recreation Therapist working in a psychiatric inpatient unit for adults with mental health issues.
I was born and raised in North Carolina and have lived in California for over 20 years. I am a single mother of 2 daughters and have first-hand experience navigating through a divorce and parenthood. My passions include being a mother, spending time with family and friends, playing beach volleyball, and traveling to new places. I consider myself a kind person who is honest, open-minded, emphatic, and always ready for an adventure. I have been a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) for over 12 years and began my career as a Recreation Therapist working in a psychiatric inpatient unit for adults with mental health issues.
(415) 687-2429 View (415) 687-2429
Photo of Lorraine J Moreci, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Lorraine J Moreci
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
I am interested in working with Individuals, couples, and children. My work focuses on clients dealing with PTSD, trauma (complex and single episodes), anxiety, depression, life transitions, and chronic health issues. Our work together might include mindfully exploring past and present issues and integrating your experience in an inclusive way. We will explore body, mind, and spirit together, all parts of self are welcome.
I am interested in working with Individuals, couples, and children. My work focuses on clients dealing with PTSD, trauma (complex and single episodes), anxiety, depression, life transitions, and chronic health issues. Our work together might include mindfully exploring past and present issues and integrating your experience in an inclusive way. We will explore body, mind, and spirit together, all parts of self are welcome.
(415) 594-4730 View (415) 594-4730
Photo of Ilya Parizhsky, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ilya Parizhsky
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
As a licensed therapist, I have dedicated my career to helping people thrive. But the uneven nature of the process always struck me as limiting the human potential. Each of my clients has an incredible power to heal other people, but they’re not being empowered to use it when they see me for 1-1 therapy. I now specialize in an innovative and transformative small-group approach called Effective Listening. This unique method is taught in groups of 6 people, and each person gets to learn to use their awesome healing power and to be an instrumental part of each other person’s transformational journey.
As a licensed therapist, I have dedicated my career to helping people thrive. But the uneven nature of the process always struck me as limiting the human potential. Each of my clients has an incredible power to heal other people, but they’re not being empowered to use it when they see me for 1-1 therapy. I now specialize in an innovative and transformative small-group approach called Effective Listening. This unique method is taught in groups of 6 people, and each person gets to learn to use their awesome healing power and to be an instrumental part of each other person’s transformational journey.
(510) 876-4835 View (510) 876-4835
Photo of Alex Theberge, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Alex Theberge
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Thank for your interest in my therapy practice. I’m a trauma-focused therapist who specializes in helping people heal from childhood trauma, PTSD, and psycho-emotional wounds. I see healing as a deeply personal and meaningful journey to recover our authentic wholeness and unique gifts for the world. It often involves reconnecting to and integrating split-off parts of ourselves, clearing traumatic memories, and releasing blockages and old patterns that no longer serve us. I work with a variety of healing modalities that are particularly helpful for healing trauma, including EMDR, journey work, parts work, and hypnotherapy.
Thank for your interest in my therapy practice. I’m a trauma-focused therapist who specializes in helping people heal from childhood trauma, PTSD, and psycho-emotional wounds. I see healing as a deeply personal and meaningful journey to recover our authentic wholeness and unique gifts for the world. It often involves reconnecting to and integrating split-off parts of ourselves, clearing traumatic memories, and releasing blockages and old patterns that no longer serve us. I work with a variety of healing modalities that are particularly helpful for healing trauma, including EMDR, journey work, parts work, and hypnotherapy.
(415) 797-0197 View (415) 797-0197
Photo of Barbara Gabriel, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Barbara Gabriel
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
I am dedicated to helping people identify and work through symptoms, problems, and obstacles to true health and vitality in personal and professional relationships. I have over thirty years experience working as a therapist, teacher, consultant, coach. I am Certified as an EFT Therapist for couple's and individuals (ICEEFT.com). I am also a Certified EFT Supervisor. Currently I am helping several therapists become certified in EFT for Couples via Zoom or in person. I am Certified in Coherence Therapy (CoherenceTherapy.com). I am Certified and a trainer in Emotional Brain Training. (EBTconnect.net) www.LoveandMarriageWorks.com
I am dedicated to helping people identify and work through symptoms, problems, and obstacles to true health and vitality in personal and professional relationships. I have over thirty years experience working as a therapist, teacher, consultant, coach. I am Certified as an EFT Therapist for couple's and individuals (ICEEFT.com). I am also a Certified EFT Supervisor. Currently I am helping several therapists become certified in EFT for Couples via Zoom or in person. I am Certified in Coherence Therapy (CoherenceTherapy.com). I am Certified and a trainer in Emotional Brain Training. (EBTconnect.net) www.LoveandMarriageWorks.com
(707) 418-8978 View (707) 418-8978
Photo of Peter Geiger, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Peter Geiger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94146  (Online Only)
You're feeling generally dissatisfied, like you drew the short straw. You make it look not too bad on the outside, yet feel unfulfilled in relationships with lover, family, friends, coworkers. You have concerns about overdoing something (drinking, working, internet), or a generalized anxiety, perfectionism, or people-pleasing. I am a highly interactive therapist. I know when to bring in humor--and when to go to the dark places with you. Together we will look at how you got here. Through identifying your beliefs, attitudes and needs around relationships and intimacy, we will find the key to unlocking your wellbeing.
You're feeling generally dissatisfied, like you drew the short straw. You make it look not too bad on the outside, yet feel unfulfilled in relationships with lover, family, friends, coworkers. You have concerns about overdoing something (drinking, working, internet), or a generalized anxiety, perfectionism, or people-pleasing. I am a highly interactive therapist. I know when to bring in humor--and when to go to the dark places with you. Together we will look at how you got here. Through identifying your beliefs, attitudes and needs around relationships and intimacy, we will find the key to unlocking your wellbeing.
(415) 786-6680 View (415) 786-6680
Photo of Dave Cooperberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Dave Cooperberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117
Feeling stuck in life, work or relationships? Living too long with anxiety or depression? Struggling with grief or trauma? Perhaps you just want to live a more joyous, lively and value centered life. Our needs often overlap between personal growth and in-depth psychotherapy. Working from the here-and-now, I have been assisting people enrich their lives since 1978.
Feeling stuck in life, work or relationships? Living too long with anxiety or depression? Struggling with grief or trauma? Perhaps you just want to live a more joyous, lively and value centered life. Our needs often overlap between personal growth and in-depth psychotherapy. Working from the here-and-now, I have been assisting people enrich their lives since 1978.
(628) 333-2193 View (628) 333-2193
Photo of Peter J Sadler, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Peter J Sadler
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Do you feel stuck in a cycle of arguments and blame in your relationship? Suffering over a painful breakup or the discovery of an affair? Preparing to grow your family or become empty nesters? Are you searching for the closeness and intimacy you once shared with your partner? Together in therapy I can help you traverse these difficult relationship situations, and move toward a more connected and vibrant way of life. My approach to working with couples is guided by years of specialized training in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy and helping couples shift their patterns of communication and deepen their connection.
Do you feel stuck in a cycle of arguments and blame in your relationship? Suffering over a painful breakup or the discovery of an affair? Preparing to grow your family or become empty nesters? Are you searching for the closeness and intimacy you once shared with your partner? Together in therapy I can help you traverse these difficult relationship situations, and move toward a more connected and vibrant way of life. My approach to working with couples is guided by years of specialized training in Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy and helping couples shift their patterns of communication and deepen their connection.
(415) 226-4116 View (415) 226-4116
Photo of Scott Altamirano, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Scott Altamirano
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103  (Online Only)
Accepting clients Apr 2024. I help clients have happier and more fulfilling lives by overcoming their anxieties to create happy and healthy relationships. Let me help you learn to invest in yourself and your overall wellbeing through habit building, dating, socializing, and improving our overall self esteem!
Accepting clients Apr 2024. I help clients have happier and more fulfilling lives by overcoming their anxieties to create happy and healthy relationships. Let me help you learn to invest in yourself and your overall wellbeing through habit building, dating, socializing, and improving our overall self esteem!
(682) 582-8683 View (682) 582-8683
Photo of Bronwen Antonia Lemmon, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Bronwen Antonia Lemmon
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122
Are you seeking to know yourself better? Do you want to be able to connect more meaningfully with others? Do you feel deceptively fine while feeling lost? Therapy for self understanding is a process that can slowly and surely equip you to overcome your anxieties and other challenging emotional experiences. Exploring what goes on in your feelings begins a process to produce change.
Are you seeking to know yourself better? Do you want to be able to connect more meaningfully with others? Do you feel deceptively fine while feeling lost? Therapy for self understanding is a process that can slowly and surely equip you to overcome your anxieties and other challenging emotional experiences. Exploring what goes on in your feelings begins a process to produce change.
Photo of Tila B Bibliowicz in San Francisco, CA
Tila B Bibliowicz
MA, BCET
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94131
As a Board Certified Educational Therapist with decades of experience working with children, adolescents, college students, and adults, I am dedicated to helping my clients discover their unique learning styles and find the best tools to maximize their potential. I work with students who are struggling academically, as well as those with ADD/ADHD, executive functioning issues, and OCD clients that affect their academic performance or are in need of remedial learning or effective test-taking strategies. I provide individualized instruction for clients struggling in school or college that addresses each student's difficulties.
As a Board Certified Educational Therapist with decades of experience working with children, adolescents, college students, and adults, I am dedicated to helping my clients discover their unique learning styles and find the best tools to maximize their potential. I work with students who are struggling academically, as well as those with ADD/ADHD, executive functioning issues, and OCD clients that affect their academic performance or are in need of remedial learning or effective test-taking strategies. I provide individualized instruction for clients struggling in school or college that addresses each student's difficulties.
(415) 390-0083 View (415) 390-0083
Photo of Phil Boissiere, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Phil Boissiere
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I work best with clients that are motivated for change. I specialize in the treatment of adult ADHD/ADD, Couples/Marriages, and executives in a very goal oriented and short term way. I believe therapy should be a useful learning and growing experience that provides clients with real life tools and skills they can use for a life time.
I work best with clients that are motivated for change. I specialize in the treatment of adult ADHD/ADD, Couples/Marriages, and executives in a very goal oriented and short term way. I believe therapy should be a useful learning and growing experience that provides clients with real life tools and skills they can use for a life time.
(415) 799-4464 View (415) 799-4464

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.