Therapists in San Francisco, CA

View neighborhoods in San Francisco
Photo of Suzanne Bernier, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Suzanne Bernier
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
Welcome! Searching for a therapist can feel overwhelming, and I'm happy you are taking the first steps. Whether navigating difficult relationships or learning how to better manage stress and anxiety, I am passionate about helping others create meaningful and lasting positive change in their lives. Life transitions of all kinds are a special area of interest for me, particularly around the individual experience of divorce or separation. I have worked extensively with adolescents, and enjoy the challenges and changes that are unique to this stage of life.
Welcome! Searching for a therapist can feel overwhelming, and I'm happy you are taking the first steps. Whether navigating difficult relationships or learning how to better manage stress and anxiety, I am passionate about helping others create meaningful and lasting positive change in their lives. Life transitions of all kinds are a special area of interest for me, particularly around the individual experience of divorce or separation. I have worked extensively with adolescents, and enjoy the challenges and changes that are unique to this stage of life.
(415) 767-5144 View (415) 767-5144
Photo of Michiko Tamate, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Michiko Tamate
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
Sometimes it can be very difficult to get relief from emotional problems on your own. It's hard to dedicate the time and space to figure it out. Often the situation feels too confusing and hopeless to confront alone. In my practice, I work together with people grappling with universal struggles such as how to connect with others more freely and build healthy relationships, how to identify work that is meaningful to you and feel successful doing it, how to be more accepting of yourself, and how to move on from past trauma and disappointments.
Sometimes it can be very difficult to get relief from emotional problems on your own. It's hard to dedicate the time and space to figure it out. Often the situation feels too confusing and hopeless to confront alone. In my practice, I work together with people grappling with universal struggles such as how to connect with others more freely and build healthy relationships, how to identify work that is meaningful to you and feel successful doing it, how to be more accepting of yourself, and how to move on from past trauma and disappointments.
(415) 787-3913 View (415) 787-3913
Photo of Jamine Ergas, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Jamine Ergas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
If you are having difficulty in your relationships, suffering from anxiety, have experienced a trauma, or would like to explore issues related to sexuality, please give me a call. I offer a warm, interactive, and non-judgmental approach that clients find refreshing.
If you are having difficulty in your relationships, suffering from anxiety, have experienced a trauma, or would like to explore issues related to sexuality, please give me a call. I offer a warm, interactive, and non-judgmental approach that clients find refreshing.
(415) 801-0299 View (415) 801-0299
Photo of Unfold Psychology Men's Group, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Unfold Psychology Men's Group
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Our men's group provides a supportive space where we gather to understand the unique challenges men face, discussing men's issues openly and constructively.
Our men's group provides a supportive space where we gather to understand the unique challenges men face, discussing men's issues openly and constructively.
(650) 993-9321 View (650) 993-9321
Photo of Bart Magee in San Francisco, CA
Bart Magee
PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94102
Therapy doesn't have to be a mysterious and confusing process. I believe that it should be linked directly to one's personal goals and desire for change. I'll work with you to enhance your self-knowledge, expand your emotional awareness and thinking to provide you new ways of solving problems and enhancing well-being. My style is direct and collaborative and aims to identify patterns of thinking, feeling, acting and relating that reinforce fears and negative attitudes, thereby limiting your ability to pursue your goals. Exploring the underlying forces and dynamics driving those patterns opens up new avenues for growth and change.
Therapy doesn't have to be a mysterious and confusing process. I believe that it should be linked directly to one's personal goals and desire for change. I'll work with you to enhance your self-knowledge, expand your emotional awareness and thinking to provide you new ways of solving problems and enhancing well-being. My style is direct and collaborative and aims to identify patterns of thinking, feeling, acting and relating that reinforce fears and negative attitudes, thereby limiting your ability to pursue your goals. Exploring the underlying forces and dynamics driving those patterns opens up new avenues for growth and change.
(650) 603-0523 View (650) 603-0523
Photo of Rachel Ganz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Rachel Ganz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
Waitlist for new clients
If you’re here, I imagine you may have found yourself exhausted, stuck, and suffering despite your best efforts. Maybe you're so chronically overwhelmed from trying to balance the demands of life that you find yourself unable to enjoy any moments of rest or recharge. Or you feel that despite how far you've come in achieving your goals you're never doing enough, and you're losing sight of why those goals matter in the first place. Maybe you silently struggle with a deep-seated fear that you're one misstep away from proving yourself an imposter and losing all that you've worked towards. Do you worry you'll never stop feeling this way?
If you’re here, I imagine you may have found yourself exhausted, stuck, and suffering despite your best efforts. Maybe you're so chronically overwhelmed from trying to balance the demands of life that you find yourself unable to enjoy any moments of rest or recharge. Or you feel that despite how far you've come in achieving your goals you're never doing enough, and you're losing sight of why those goals matter in the first place. Maybe you silently struggle with a deep-seated fear that you're one misstep away from proving yourself an imposter and losing all that you've worked towards. Do you worry you'll never stop feeling this way?
(628) 266-4655 View (628) 266-4655
Photo of Scott Newcombe, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Scott Newcombe
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
First of all, I want to congratulate you on making the decision to start therapy. Unlike what some people believe, that going to therapy implies that you are “weak”, the exact opposite is true. Making the decision to actively look at your life and face and overcome the challenges you are facing takes courage and strength. I specialize in working with mid to high-functioning, young adults/adults, and it is a true pleasure to see more and more people who embrace the idea that therapy is a healthy, proactive way to learn to listen to their heart and take steps to make changes and create lives that they will truly enjoy.
First of all, I want to congratulate you on making the decision to start therapy. Unlike what some people believe, that going to therapy implies that you are “weak”, the exact opposite is true. Making the decision to actively look at your life and face and overcome the challenges you are facing takes courage and strength. I specialize in working with mid to high-functioning, young adults/adults, and it is a true pleasure to see more and more people who embrace the idea that therapy is a healthy, proactive way to learn to listen to their heart and take steps to make changes and create lives that they will truly enjoy.
(415) 594-4533 View (415) 594-4533
Farzana Bland
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102  (Online Only)
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
(415) 688-7052 View (415) 688-7052
Photo of Courtney A Hartman, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Courtney A Hartman
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103
Starting therapy and finding the right fit can be a daunting task. I view the therapeutic relationship as something that is co-created over time and as the primary tool for healing. I have experience working with ages 3-50+ providing specific insights and tools relevant for the progressive stages of life and the many difficulties that can come up along the way. Focusing on the here and now, we work to increase self awareness, compassion, insight and care while simultaneously holding the larger context within which we meet, including ways that race, gender, class and culture impact our experiences and identities.
Starting therapy and finding the right fit can be a daunting task. I view the therapeutic relationship as something that is co-created over time and as the primary tool for healing. I have experience working with ages 3-50+ providing specific insights and tools relevant for the progressive stages of life and the many difficulties that can come up along the way. Focusing on the here and now, we work to increase self awareness, compassion, insight and care while simultaneously holding the larger context within which we meet, including ways that race, gender, class and culture impact our experiences and identities.
(415) 799-1485 View (415) 799-1485
Photo of Izzy Lopez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Izzy Lopez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist providing evidence-based practices. When I'm not in private practice, I'm working at UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences treating children, adolescents, and their families. Living in the Bay Area has many advantages and opportunities that motivate us to become the best, most successful version of ourselves. At times, occupational and social demands can bring overwhelming amounts of stress, pressure, and anxiety. I'm currently focusing my practice for families and couples as well as young professionals and athletes who have experienced trauma and/or high stress.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist providing evidence-based practices. When I'm not in private practice, I'm working at UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences treating children, adolescents, and their families. Living in the Bay Area has many advantages and opportunities that motivate us to become the best, most successful version of ourselves. At times, occupational and social demands can bring overwhelming amounts of stress, pressure, and anxiety. I'm currently focusing my practice for families and couples as well as young professionals and athletes who have experienced trauma and/or high stress.
(415) 360-1210 View (415) 360-1210
Photo of Ashley Paul, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ashley Paul
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a passion for self-exploration and personal development, especially regarding balancing the emotional and intellectual sides. Trust, authenticity, and validation are my most-used tools throughout my therapeutic process.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a passion for self-exploration and personal development, especially regarding balancing the emotional and intellectual sides. Trust, authenticity, and validation are my most-used tools throughout my therapeutic process.
(415) 801-3848 View (415) 801-3848
Photo of Sarah Swanger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sarah Swanger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94122
I work with athletes, individuals, teams, and organizations to help catalyze change, overcome anxiety, and reach goals, and perform to their capabilities. I help athletes and individuals experience wholeness and find satisfaction and excellence in their lives, their sports, and accomplishments. I also support women before and during pregnancy and postpartum adjustment to find balance and emotional and physical strength and wellness. My experience as a therapist, lifetime as a competitive athlete, and experience as a parent, I am here to help you find the best mental perspectives, overcome pressure, and achieve your goals.
I work with athletes, individuals, teams, and organizations to help catalyze change, overcome anxiety, and reach goals, and perform to their capabilities. I help athletes and individuals experience wholeness and find satisfaction and excellence in their lives, their sports, and accomplishments. I also support women before and during pregnancy and postpartum adjustment to find balance and emotional and physical strength and wellness. My experience as a therapist, lifetime as a competitive athlete, and experience as a parent, I am here to help you find the best mental perspectives, overcome pressure, and achieve your goals.
(415) 914-9722 View (415) 914-9722
Photo of Bryan Russo, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Bryan Russo
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115  (Online Only)
Too often psychotherapy focuses on causality, pathology and cures. However, rather than being "sick" or 'broken", often we are just lost inside ourselves or relationships. Everyone is a unique person with their own story, experience and perspective. The goal of therapy is to achieve a deeper awareness of where we are, to discover internal meaning for our many experiences, and to experience a life worth living. While working towards that awareness, I also feel it important to teach individuals, couples and families the skills needed to cope with the pain and day to day stressors that bring them into therapy.
Too often psychotherapy focuses on causality, pathology and cures. However, rather than being "sick" or 'broken", often we are just lost inside ourselves or relationships. Everyone is a unique person with their own story, experience and perspective. The goal of therapy is to achieve a deeper awareness of where we are, to discover internal meaning for our many experiences, and to experience a life worth living. While working towards that awareness, I also feel it important to teach individuals, couples and families the skills needed to cope with the pain and day to day stressors that bring them into therapy.
(415) 449-7330 View (415) 449-7330
Photo of Kirsten S Hagen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kirsten S Hagen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117  (Online Only)
Our relationships with the people we care for most impact every moment of our day-to-day lives. The more we know ourselves, the better we can show up in our relationships. I help clients understand their interpersonal relationship dynamics, family systems, attachment styles, and, most importantly, their relationship with themselves. I've worked with clients to build confidence by deepening their understanding of emotions, communication styles, and self-love. I've also supported clients in negotiating how past trauma impacts their present lives and integrating those experiences.
Our relationships with the people we care for most impact every moment of our day-to-day lives. The more we know ourselves, the better we can show up in our relationships. I help clients understand their interpersonal relationship dynamics, family systems, attachment styles, and, most importantly, their relationship with themselves. I've worked with clients to build confidence by deepening their understanding of emotions, communication styles, and self-love. I've also supported clients in negotiating how past trauma impacts their present lives and integrating those experiences.
(415) 534-4394 View (415) 534-4394
Photo of Carolyn Day, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Carolyn Day
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
Sometimes it can be difficult to sort out all our feelings, especially when things are messy, confusing, and overwhelming. It is my belief that everyone can benefit from counseling to process the feelings that come with human experience. At the foundation of my practice is forming a strong therapeutic relationship with you. I believe the quality of our relationship is the basis of what can lead to healing. Gaining greater insight into yourself can help you carry out how you want to be in the world.
Sometimes it can be difficult to sort out all our feelings, especially when things are messy, confusing, and overwhelming. It is my belief that everyone can benefit from counseling to process the feelings that come with human experience. At the foundation of my practice is forming a strong therapeutic relationship with you. I believe the quality of our relationship is the basis of what can lead to healing. Gaining greater insight into yourself can help you carry out how you want to be in the world.
(415) 594-4696 View (415) 594-4696
Photo of Jenny Kepler, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Jenny Kepler
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
I offer a mindful, compassionate, non-judgmental approach to therapy for those seeking relationship health and more harmony in their lives. If you're struggling in your relationship or with your child, stuck in painful patterns, or longing for more authenticity and connection within yourself, I can help. As someone who's had to work hard to feel strong on the inside, to balance work and nurture healthy relationships, I understand the struggles of trying to keep it all together. My aim is to help you find more harmony and peace of mind. It is possible.
I offer a mindful, compassionate, non-judgmental approach to therapy for those seeking relationship health and more harmony in their lives. If you're struggling in your relationship or with your child, stuck in painful patterns, or longing for more authenticity and connection within yourself, I can help. As someone who's had to work hard to feel strong on the inside, to balance work and nurture healthy relationships, I understand the struggles of trying to keep it all together. My aim is to help you find more harmony and peace of mind. It is possible.
(628) 600-1304 View (628) 600-1304
Photo of Ellen B Klyce, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Ellen B Klyce
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
I mostly treat couples who are navigating parenting and communication. But I work with individual clients too, Bay area residents who have multiple responsibilities and many demands placed on them daily. I help clients ease their doubt in social situations, calm down the inner critic. In my sessions we explore new ways to connect in many different circumstances. If you have fallen into negative thinking patterns, this constant worry may wear you down. I am there to be your collaborator, to find the best solution for you.
I mostly treat couples who are navigating parenting and communication. But I work with individual clients too, Bay area residents who have multiple responsibilities and many demands placed on them daily. I help clients ease their doubt in social situations, calm down the inner critic. In my sessions we explore new ways to connect in many different circumstances. If you have fallen into negative thinking patterns, this constant worry may wear you down. I am there to be your collaborator, to find the best solution for you.
(510) 768-7175 View (510) 768-7175
Photo of Veronica Ghabour, Counselor in San Francisco, CA
Veronica Ghabour
Counselor, APCC
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Mental health challenges are due to the aftereffects of traumatic experiences. Trauma can place a strain on your family, work, relationships, and even cause issues with self-worth. I specialize in trauma therapy along with treating personality disorders, depression, anxiety, ADHD, and addiction. All these disorders can look different from person to person, and that is where our therapeutic journey of empowerment and self-exploration begins. I concentrate on creating a safe space of growth and self-discovery through unconditional positive regard, emotional regulation, and guided activities.
Mental health challenges are due to the aftereffects of traumatic experiences. Trauma can place a strain on your family, work, relationships, and even cause issues with self-worth. I specialize in trauma therapy along with treating personality disorders, depression, anxiety, ADHD, and addiction. All these disorders can look different from person to person, and that is where our therapeutic journey of empowerment and self-exploration begins. I concentrate on creating a safe space of growth and self-discovery through unconditional positive regard, emotional regulation, and guided activities.
(415) 936-8843 View (415) 936-8843
Photo of Sebastian Earl, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sebastian Earl
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94115
My approach is holistic(mind, body and spirit) and I work with individuals and couples primarily around self-acceptance/love, learning how to achieve intimacy and breaking free of conditioning. Helping you discover your deepest truths and find your purpose, desire and drive in life. I provide an opportunity for people to grow and heal, in a safe, supportive, non-judgmental and nurturing environment. This work helps to heal trauma/ PTSD), depression, low self-esteem, addictions and anxiety. I also welcome those who simply want the added flexibility good therapy can achieve, enabling them to live fuller, richer, happier lives.
My approach is holistic(mind, body and spirit) and I work with individuals and couples primarily around self-acceptance/love, learning how to achieve intimacy and breaking free of conditioning. Helping you discover your deepest truths and find your purpose, desire and drive in life. I provide an opportunity for people to grow and heal, in a safe, supportive, non-judgmental and nurturing environment. This work helps to heal trauma/ PTSD), depression, low self-esteem, addictions and anxiety. I also welcome those who simply want the added flexibility good therapy can achieve, enabling them to live fuller, richer, happier lives.
(415) 795-2685 View (415) 795-2685
Photo of Pamela Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Pamela Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94117
We are currently surviving, learning to navigate our lives during a health crisis. With such a fast pace, I deeply believe therapy provides us the container to check in with ourselves and find that moment to catch up. I invite you to give yourself the gift of three deep breaths - inhale deeply and exhale slowly letting something go repeat another two times. No matter what brings you into therapy, I aim to create a safe space alongside you. Every person is an expert on their own lives and I am here to simply help as WE discover and learn the tools to live a life that feels most authentic to YOU.
We are currently surviving, learning to navigate our lives during a health crisis. With such a fast pace, I deeply believe therapy provides us the container to check in with ourselves and find that moment to catch up. I invite you to give yourself the gift of three deep breaths - inhale deeply and exhale slowly letting something go repeat another two times. No matter what brings you into therapy, I aim to create a safe space alongside you. Every person is an expert on their own lives and I am here to simply help as WE discover and learn the tools to live a life that feels most authentic to YOU.
(415) 366-3970 View (415) 366-3970

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.