Photo of Alexandria DeLash, Licensed Professional Counselor in 85004, AZ
Alexandria DeLash
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
I have a passion for helping clients identify clear and attainable goals to improve their lives. I understand the complexities of reprocessing traumatic incidents that prevent progress. I offer support when addressing the following issues: depression, anxiety, panic disorders, anger management, and self-esteem. I have a profound respect for the process of trauma-informed care and helping clients work through difficult feelings that impact their lives and relationships in a non-judgmental environment.
I have a passion for helping clients identify clear and attainable goals to improve their lives. I understand the complexities of reprocessing traumatic incidents that prevent progress. I offer support when addressing the following issues: depression, anxiety, panic disorders, anger management, and self-esteem. I have a profound respect for the process of trauma-informed care and helping clients work through difficult feelings that impact their lives and relationships in a non-judgmental environment.
(480) 690-9897 View (480) 690-9897
Photo of Hannah Osmanski, Counselor in 85004, AZ
Hannah Osmanski
Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
You did it! You took the first step, you opened your browser and asked for help. Whatever may have lead you to this page, whether it be increased anxiety, depression, relationship or work stress, I'm glad you are here. Starting counseling can be an intimidating unknown. I want to help take some of the unknown out of this process! If you choose to work with me we will focus on identifying the barriers that may be preventing you from healing from past trauma, improving your relationships, and achieving the quality of life that you desire. Together we will work towards removing those barriers within a safe and supportive environment.
You did it! You took the first step, you opened your browser and asked for help. Whatever may have lead you to this page, whether it be increased anxiety, depression, relationship or work stress, I'm glad you are here. Starting counseling can be an intimidating unknown. I want to help take some of the unknown out of this process! If you choose to work with me we will focus on identifying the barriers that may be preventing you from healing from past trauma, improving your relationships, and achieving the quality of life that you desire. Together we will work towards removing those barriers within a safe and supportive environment.
(872) 266-8476 View (872) 266-8476
Photo of Paul Ryan Burton, Counselor in 85004, AZ
Paul Ryan Burton
Counselor, MS, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Tired of carrying around your anxiety and depression every day? Does it feel like you’re wearing a full backpack all the time? Do work and relationships add to your life or just use up your energy? If you’re tired of life feeling heavy, I can help you with that. There is a reason for the way you feel, and we will uncover and resolve that reason. Gaining new information that allows manageable change in our lives lightens our daily burden and improves relationships, work, and life. Are you ready to take off that backpack and live less seriously and more freely? If so, I hope you'll email me.
Tired of carrying around your anxiety and depression every day? Does it feel like you’re wearing a full backpack all the time? Do work and relationships add to your life or just use up your energy? If you’re tired of life feeling heavy, I can help you with that. There is a reason for the way you feel, and we will uncover and resolve that reason. Gaining new information that allows manageable change in our lives lightens our daily burden and improves relationships, work, and life. Are you ready to take off that backpack and live less seriously and more freely? If so, I hope you'll email me.
(480) 729-5975 View (480) 729-5975
Photo of Deborah Weir, Counselor in 85004, AZ
Deborah Weir
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
I work with individuals and couples who want to actively create the lives or relationships they desire. By helping clients identify the blocks keeping them stuck, they are free to explore and experiment with more creative and effective ways of living. Group counseling can be especially helpful increasing self-awareness, creating support and experiencing validation.
I work with individuals and couples who want to actively create the lives or relationships they desire. By helping clients identify the blocks keeping them stuck, they are free to explore and experiment with more creative and effective ways of living. Group counseling can be especially helpful increasing self-awareness, creating support and experiencing validation.
(480) 685-5794 View (480) 685-5794
Photo of David Hunter, Licensed Professional Counselor in 85004, AZ
David Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
I am a board-certified, licensed professional counselor with 14+ years working with individuals struggling with gambling, gaming, substance abuse, trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger management, and more. I pride myself on an evidence-based approach to ensure each client is fully supported throughout their full course of care. I strongly believe in providing every client with utmost respect and dignity, prioritizing their needs and aspirations through a personalized and compassionate approach.
I am a board-certified, licensed professional counselor with 14+ years working with individuals struggling with gambling, gaming, substance abuse, trauma, anxiety, mood disorders, personality disorders, anger management, and more. I pride myself on an evidence-based approach to ensure each client is fully supported throughout their full course of care. I strongly believe in providing every client with utmost respect and dignity, prioritizing their needs and aspirations through a personalized and compassionate approach.
(928) 764-0675 View (928) 764-0675
Photo of Jessica Skinner, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in 85004, AZ
Jessica Skinner
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LISAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
With more than twelve years of expertise as a Licensed Counselor specializing in mental health and addressing addictive behaviors, I am dedicated to offering compassionate and understanding support to those in need. My primary objective is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and achieve lasting recovery through a personalized and comprehensive approach. I firmly believe in extending kindness and respect to each person, free from any judgment or societal stigma. My goal is to create a safe and nurturing environment where individuals can explore their underlying emotions and develop healthier coping strategies.
With more than twelve years of expertise as a Licensed Counselor specializing in mental health and addressing addictive behaviors, I am dedicated to offering compassionate and understanding support to those in need. My primary objective is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and achieve lasting recovery through a personalized and comprehensive approach. I firmly believe in extending kindness and respect to each person, free from any judgment or societal stigma. My goal is to create a safe and nurturing environment where individuals can explore their underlying emotions and develop healthier coping strategies.
(928) 599-4940 View (928) 599-4940
Photo of Symmetry Counseling in 85004, AZ
Symmetry Counseling
PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Welcome to Symmetry Counseling. We are a group of mental health professionals located in Phoenix specializing in counseling, psychotherapy, and coaching for individuals, couples, and families. We chose the name Symmetry because the word evokes our goal to assist you in developing an ability to remain balanced and resilient under the forces of change. Our therapists provide a supportive, empathetic, and hopeful environment. Sessions revolve around pragmatic approaches to strategically address and resolve issues clients bring to therapy.
Welcome to Symmetry Counseling. We are a group of mental health professionals located in Phoenix specializing in counseling, psychotherapy, and coaching for individuals, couples, and families. We chose the name Symmetry because the word evokes our goal to assist you in developing an ability to remain balanced and resilient under the forces of change. Our therapists provide a supportive, empathetic, and hopeful environment. Sessions revolve around pragmatic approaches to strategically address and resolve issues clients bring to therapy.
(480) 660-5776 View (480) 660-5776
Photo of Elise Ann Pinkowski in 85004, AZ
Elise Ann Pinkowski
LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
I believe that everyone has the capacity and strength to make meaningful changes in their lives. For over ten years, I have helped adults of all backgrounds and identities work through symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, trauma and addiction. I also have experience helping individuals navigate the emotional distress of surviving violence, homelessness and the criminal justice system. I believe the therapeutic relationship can be a validating experience and an essential component of the healing process. We all need a space to feel safe enough to express ourselves without judgement or shame.
I believe that everyone has the capacity and strength to make meaningful changes in their lives. For over ten years, I have helped adults of all backgrounds and identities work through symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, trauma and addiction. I also have experience helping individuals navigate the emotional distress of surviving violence, homelessness and the criminal justice system. I believe the therapeutic relationship can be a validating experience and an essential component of the healing process. We all need a space to feel safe enough to express ourselves without judgement or shame.
(602) 854-9951 View (602) 854-9951
Photo of Courtney Denevi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 85004, AZ
Courtney Denevi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, BCBA, LBA, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Empowering your mental health journey with an evidenced based approach. Are you seeking services for yourself, child, your relationship, or maybe a family member? Want to focus on increasing motivation, creativity, self esteem, confidence, or organizational skills? Then I’m your gal. With a diverse range of expertise, I specialize in Play therapy, behavioral therapy, art expression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution focused therapy, Positive Psychology, and mindfulness techniques.
Empowering your mental health journey with an evidenced based approach. Are you seeking services for yourself, child, your relationship, or maybe a family member? Want to focus on increasing motivation, creativity, self esteem, confidence, or organizational skills? Then I’m your gal. With a diverse range of expertise, I specialize in Play therapy, behavioral therapy, art expression, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution focused therapy, Positive Psychology, and mindfulness techniques.
(602) 860-6647 View (602) 860-6647
Photo of Carrie Christiansen, Licensed Professional Counselor in 85004, AZ
Carrie Christiansen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
People often say they find it easy to connect with me and I believe that comes from my ability to truly empathize with others. I’ve had some significant struggles in life and I’ve worked through many challenges, so I understand adversity. Receiving my own therapy throughout the years has given me the support and help I needed to move forward and grow. I strive to provide the same compassionate support to my clients in therapy. I am committed to helping you along your journey by providing regular support, feedback, and practical tools as well.
People often say they find it easy to connect with me and I believe that comes from my ability to truly empathize with others. I’ve had some significant struggles in life and I’ve worked through many challenges, so I understand adversity. Receiving my own therapy throughout the years has given me the support and help I needed to move forward and grow. I strive to provide the same compassionate support to my clients in therapy. I am committed to helping you along your journey by providing regular support, feedback, and practical tools as well.
(480) 339-0480 View (480) 339-0480
Photo of Mary Hunter, Licensed Professional Counselor in 85004, AZ
Mary Hunter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
I have over 15 years as a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in mental health and behavioral addiction treatment. My focus is providing understanding and empathetic support to those seeking help. My goal is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and attain real, lasting recovery through a personalized and holistic approach. I believe in extending compassion and respect to every individual, free from judgment or societal stigma. My focus is to create a secure and nurturing environment where individuals can delve into their underlying emotions, elevate self-awareness, and cultivate healthier coping strategies.
I have over 15 years as a Licensed Professional Counselor specializing in mental health and behavioral addiction treatment. My focus is providing understanding and empathetic support to those seeking help. My goal is to empower individuals to overcome their challenges and attain real, lasting recovery through a personalized and holistic approach. I believe in extending compassion and respect to every individual, free from judgment or societal stigma. My focus is to create a secure and nurturing environment where individuals can delve into their underlying emotions, elevate self-awareness, and cultivate healthier coping strategies.
(928) 427-7352 View (928) 427-7352
Photo of Shanika Toms, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 85004, AZ
Shanika Toms
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Not accepting new clients
Are you struggling to know which direction to go in life? Are you looking to begin to address issues that are making your life unmanageable or are you looking to continue to work through issues that are more complicated than you expected? I am an independently licensed therapist that specializes in working with individuals who feel imbalanced, lost and disconnected. I have been told that I have a natural ability to draw out the authentic self and assist those who want to achieve a higher level of emotional and spiritual awareness.
Are you struggling to know which direction to go in life? Are you looking to begin to address issues that are making your life unmanageable or are you looking to continue to work through issues that are more complicated than you expected? I am an independently licensed therapist that specializes in working with individuals who feel imbalanced, lost and disconnected. I have been told that I have a natural ability to draw out the authentic self and assist those who want to achieve a higher level of emotional and spiritual awareness.
(928) 473-1064 View (928) 473-1064
Photo of New Perspectives LLC , Licensed Professional Counselor in 85004, AZ
New Perspectives LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, CRC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. Throughout my career I have also focused on helping individuals with a variety of different physical and emotional disabilities or anyone adjusting to major life changes. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse. My counseling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating anyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and helping individuals embrace who they are. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, person centered, and existential counseling.
I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. Throughout my career I have also focused on helping individuals with a variety of different physical and emotional disabilities or anyone adjusting to major life changes. I also helped many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse. My counseling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating anyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and helping individuals embrace who they are. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, person centered, and existential counseling.
(928) 260-2521 View (928) 260-2521
Photo of Chris Galdieri, Counselor in 85004, AZ
Chris Galdieri
Counselor, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Not accepting new clients
Sometimes, life gets so chaotic that it seems hard to keep up or go on. The thought of another day may start to feel like a task that can’t be completed. You may know that something is wrong but find it difficult to pinpoint what exactly is going on. This feeling is scary and often will lead to avoiding what needs to be done in order to start living a life of purpose and enrichment. Taking the steps to address these concerns and face them head on demonstrates a willingness to be vulnerable and the bravery needed to start healing.
Sometimes, life gets so chaotic that it seems hard to keep up or go on. The thought of another day may start to feel like a task that can’t be completed. You may know that something is wrong but find it difficult to pinpoint what exactly is going on. This feeling is scary and often will lead to avoiding what needs to be done in order to start living a life of purpose and enrichment. Taking the steps to address these concerns and face them head on demonstrates a willingness to be vulnerable and the bravery needed to start healing.
(602) 780-1246 View (602) 780-1246
Photo of Sabino Springs Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in 85004, AZ
Sabino Springs Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004  (Online Only)
Life these days can be isolating, stressful, and demanding. Thriving can be even more difficult for those struggling with anxiety, past trauma, grief, and life transitions. With my educational and professional emphasis in the field of child and family welfare, I have much experience working with individuals through stressors in the nuclear family, as well as the family of origin. I am passionate about supporting those in transitioning roles such as college, young adulthood, work, parenting, relationships/marriage, empty-nesting, and grief. The goal of our work together will be to make the specific, positive changes you desire.
Life these days can be isolating, stressful, and demanding. Thriving can be even more difficult for those struggling with anxiety, past trauma, grief, and life transitions. With my educational and professional emphasis in the field of child and family welfare, I have much experience working with individuals through stressors in the nuclear family, as well as the family of origin. I am passionate about supporting those in transitioning roles such as college, young adulthood, work, parenting, relationships/marriage, empty-nesting, and grief. The goal of our work together will be to make the specific, positive changes you desire.
(928) 564-6284 View (928) 564-6284
Photo of Paradigm Shift Therapies, Licensed Professional Counselor in 85004, AZ
Paradigm Shift Therapies
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LISAC, CCTS-I
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Take the first step and reach out! Paradigm Shift Therapies Vision: To empower individuals through a life-altering therapeutic experience to enhance change and growth! Change starts from within...... If you are serious about making a change in your life, call. Be aware, life changing therapy is not easy, can be emotionally painful, but if you are willing to do the work, the payoff is indescribable. The hardest decision you have to make in this moment is....... are you ready to take the chance!
Take the first step and reach out! Paradigm Shift Therapies Vision: To empower individuals through a life-altering therapeutic experience to enhance change and growth! Change starts from within...... If you are serious about making a change in your life, call. Be aware, life changing therapy is not easy, can be emotionally painful, but if you are willing to do the work, the payoff is indescribable. The hardest decision you have to make in this moment is....... are you ready to take the chance!
(602) 353-7068 View (602) 353-7068
Photo of Shae Moreau, Counselor in 85004, AZ
Shae Moreau
Counselor, MC, LAC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Waitlist for new clients
As a neurodiverse, biromantic, asexual, non-binary person, I recognize the need for therapists who are open and affirming of client identities. I have seen people change through the power of genuine, non-judgmental counseling that allows people a safe space to look at themselves and how they want to fit into the world. My goal is to provide that same warmth and compassion in a way that is tailored to fit an individual’s needs. I firmly believe that everyone has what it takes to grow, and I am here to provide the reflective space for that growth.
As a neurodiverse, biromantic, asexual, non-binary person, I recognize the need for therapists who are open and affirming of client identities. I have seen people change through the power of genuine, non-judgmental counseling that allows people a safe space to look at themselves and how they want to fit into the world. My goal is to provide that same warmth and compassion in a way that is tailored to fit an individual’s needs. I firmly believe that everyone has what it takes to grow, and I am here to provide the reflective space for that growth.
(480) 780-3125 View (480) 780-3125
Photo of Brad Robison, Psychologist in 85004, AZ
Brad Robison
Psychologist, PhD, MTh
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
I have specialized training in pediatric and child psychology as well as over 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults from secular as well as religious backgrounds. I am sensitive to each person's belief system and strive to maintain a therapeutic environment that is open, accepting, and non-judgmental. In addition to a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, I have a Master's Degree in Theology - both from Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, CA - and I am comfortable integrating faith systems and traditions into the therapy sessions.
I have specialized training in pediatric and child psychology as well as over 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults from secular as well as religious backgrounds. I am sensitive to each person's belief system and strive to maintain a therapeutic environment that is open, accepting, and non-judgmental. In addition to a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, I have a Master's Degree in Theology - both from Fuller Theological Seminary in Pasadena, CA - and I am comfortable integrating faith systems and traditions into the therapy sessions.
(602) 639-4578 View (602) 639-4578
Photo of Tara Barghamadi, Counselor in 85004, AZ
Tara Barghamadi
Counselor, MC, LAC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Phoenix, AZ 85004
As human beings, we heal through connecting emotionally with other human beings. It’s not necessarily the talking that heals us, but the being heard. We are fellow travelers in the same ocean, going through the same storm in our own boats. It is our shared humanity that connects us all. Therapy comes from the heart, and I hope to show my own humanity and humility and empower you to know that you know your story best! I am also mindful of the realities of the world in which we live, and I take a liberation-based approach toward counseling. As Maya Angelou writes, "There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you."
As human beings, we heal through connecting emotionally with other human beings. It’s not necessarily the talking that heals us, but the being heard. We are fellow travelers in the same ocean, going through the same storm in our own boats. It is our shared humanity that connects us all. Therapy comes from the heart, and I hope to show my own humanity and humility and empower you to know that you know your story best! I am also mindful of the realities of the world in which we live, and I take a liberation-based approach toward counseling. As Maya Angelou writes, "There is no greater agony than bearing an untold story inside you."
View
Photo of Birches Health, Licensed Professional Counselor in 85004, AZ
Birches Health
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Phoenix, AZ 85004
Are you worried about your gambling and unsure of where to turn for help? Birches Health is a gambling addiction specialist. Our providers have over 30 years in the field providing high quality problem gambling care individuals struggling with addiction and their loved ones. Our Clinical Director was awarded the first contract by the state of Arizona to work with problem gamblers, and to this day we remain contracted with the state to work with gamblers and affected persons across Arizona and the US.
Are you worried about your gambling and unsure of where to turn for help? Birches Health is a gambling addiction specialist. Our providers have over 30 years in the field providing high quality problem gambling care individuals struggling with addiction and their loved ones. Our Clinical Director was awarded the first contract by the state of Arizona to work with problem gamblers, and to this day we remain contracted with the state to work with gamblers and affected persons across Arizona and the US.
(928) 767-7501 View (928) 767-7501

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in 85004

90+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in 85004 who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
79% Self Esteem
72% Relationship Issues
72% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
68% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

88% Aetna
67% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
64% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in 85004 see their clients

50% Online Only
50% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

70% Female
29% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in 85004?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.