Therapists in Santa Monica, CA

Photo of Ryan Scott Brewer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Ryan Scott Brewer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
My clients are generally very smart and motivated people that are tired of being held back by their anxiety, depression, and past trauma. They are looking for immediate tools that can help them feel more empowered today, while also ready to do the work of healing these issues for good!
My clients are generally very smart and motivated people that are tired of being held back by their anxiety, depression, and past trauma. They are looking for immediate tools that can help them feel more empowered today, while also ready to do the work of healing these issues for good!
(323) 616-2236 View (323) 616-2236
Photo of Seana Diemer Iwanyk, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Seana Diemer Iwanyk
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90403
We all have a story, but when burnout spirals into deeper struggles like anxiety, depression, exhaustion, and compassion fatigue, we can lose sight of that narrative. Pressures like work stress, relationship issues, societal expectations, identity struggles, or pursuit of perfection can engulf us to the point that we can't handle the burden. This impacts our creativity, relationships, and sense of direction. But burnout isn't the end of the story; with support, a new chapter can unfold. I love stories because they foster understanding. Throughout history, stories have been our tools for making sense of ourselves and the world.
We all have a story, but when burnout spirals into deeper struggles like anxiety, depression, exhaustion, and compassion fatigue, we can lose sight of that narrative. Pressures like work stress, relationship issues, societal expectations, identity struggles, or pursuit of perfection can engulf us to the point that we can't handle the burden. This impacts our creativity, relationships, and sense of direction. But burnout isn't the end of the story; with support, a new chapter can unfold. I love stories because they foster understanding. Throughout history, stories have been our tools for making sense of ourselves and the world.
(424) 788-1832 View (424) 788-1832
Photo of Dawn Smith-Theodore, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Dawn Smith-Theodore
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CEDS
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90404
I see individuals, Families and Couples while using an interactive and collaborative approach to therapy. I see individuals to help them with managing emotions, fears, sadness, depression, anxiety, stress, life transitions, addictions, eating disorders, body image issues, creating balance, establishing hope and nurturing yourself. I will work on improving relational issues such as dating issues, recovering from a break up, and communication patterns. Learning to set healthy boundaries is key in any relationship. I want to empower my clients by giving them the coping skills they need to live a healthy and successful life.
I see individuals, Families and Couples while using an interactive and collaborative approach to therapy. I see individuals to help them with managing emotions, fears, sadness, depression, anxiety, stress, life transitions, addictions, eating disorders, body image issues, creating balance, establishing hope and nurturing yourself. I will work on improving relational issues such as dating issues, recovering from a break up, and communication patterns. Learning to set healthy boundaries is key in any relationship. I want to empower my clients by giving them the coping skills they need to live a healthy and successful life.
(818) 962-4604 View (818) 962-4604
Photo of Leslie E, Pre-Licensed Professional in Santa Monica, CA
Leslie E
Pre-Licensed Professional, PPSC
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403
You work, pay bills, socialize, maybe exercise (or not) and wake up to do it all over again. There is more to life than running the “rat race”. If you are starting to question your values, your thought processes, even your choices because you know there is more; Let’s dig a little deeper. Let us take a journey in your life by going back to childhood experiences that have shaped you or at the minimum, had some effect on your current position in life. Addressing personal, relational, and professional issues can be difficult but from the famous saying “whether you believe that you can or cannot you are right.”
You work, pay bills, socialize, maybe exercise (or not) and wake up to do it all over again. There is more to life than running the “rat race”. If you are starting to question your values, your thought processes, even your choices because you know there is more; Let’s dig a little deeper. Let us take a journey in your life by going back to childhood experiences that have shaped you or at the minimum, had some effect on your current position in life. Addressing personal, relational, and professional issues can be difficult but from the famous saying “whether you believe that you can or cannot you are right.”
(310) 775-2808 View (310) 775-2808
Photo of Jennifer Schmelzer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Jennifer Schmelzer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90403
Life is too short to live it feeling unsatisfied, confused, depleted and or powerless. Sometimes you can manage, but other times you want to turn to someone who will provide an compassionate, non-judgmental space for you to (re)connect with your deepest, most authentic self. Maybe you're in a relationship which feels stagnant, emotionally/physically disconnected or is burdened by accumulated hurts and betrayals, and you and your partner are seeking clarity, support and a new way of being either together or apart. Being skillful in relationships with others (and oneself) has become essential, and is central to our well being.
Life is too short to live it feeling unsatisfied, confused, depleted and or powerless. Sometimes you can manage, but other times you want to turn to someone who will provide an compassionate, non-judgmental space for you to (re)connect with your deepest, most authentic self. Maybe you're in a relationship which feels stagnant, emotionally/physically disconnected or is burdened by accumulated hurts and betrayals, and you and your partner are seeking clarity, support and a new way of being either together or apart. Being skillful in relationships with others (and oneself) has become essential, and is central to our well being.
(561) 766-4911 View (561) 766-4911
Photo of Alice Kuhns, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Monica, CA
Alice Kuhns
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
Does it feel like something is off in your life? Maybe you have reached major milestones, or find yourself overachieving, but still question your sense of self and self-worth. Sometimes our past experiences are influencing the way that we relate to ourselves, and others. If you are curious to make those connections, and create new ones, I can help.
Does it feel like something is off in your life? Maybe you have reached major milestones, or find yourself overachieving, but still question your sense of self and self-worth. Sometimes our past experiences are influencing the way that we relate to ourselves, and others. If you are curious to make those connections, and create new ones, I can help.
(310) 742-9396 View (310) 742-9396
Photo of Robert Grossbard, Psychologist in Santa Monica, CA
Robert Grossbard
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90403
People who see me for the first time are often feeling overwhelmed, confused, depressed or anxious. Some people are unable to sleep, have distressing thoughts, or cannot control troublesome habits and behaviors. Others have have struggled with chronic pain due to injuries or illnesses. Many have endured the stigma of having a major mental illness which created difficulties in daily functioning, mood swings, or poor judgement and distorted thinking. And others have functioned well with significant achievements in their careers, family, and relationships but still feel empty inside, and cannot experience pleasure, meaning, or fulfillment from their lives.
People who see me for the first time are often feeling overwhelmed, confused, depressed or anxious. Some people are unable to sleep, have distressing thoughts, or cannot control troublesome habits and behaviors. Others have have struggled with chronic pain due to injuries or illnesses. Many have endured the stigma of having a major mental illness which created difficulties in daily functioning, mood swings, or poor judgement and distorted thinking. And others have functioned well with significant achievements in their careers, family, and relationships but still feel empty inside, and cannot experience pleasure, meaning, or fulfillment from their lives.
(424) 570-1193 View (424) 570-1193
Photo of Grey Interventions • Pat Potter Interventionist in Santa Monica, CA
Grey Interventions • Pat Potter Interventionist
CSAC, BS, MS, JD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403
Pat Potter is a seasoned Interventionist with 30 years of expertise in addiction and mental health crisis management. Known as the "last resort" in challenging cases, Pat leads Grey Interventions, advocating a non-judgmental, 'grey hat' approach. This philosophy recognizes the diversity in healing paths, focusing on personalized strategies for recovery and well-being, tailored to each individual's unique situation, needs, and strengths.
Pat Potter is a seasoned Interventionist with 30 years of expertise in addiction and mental health crisis management. Known as the "last resort" in challenging cases, Pat leads Grey Interventions, advocating a non-judgmental, 'grey hat' approach. This philosophy recognizes the diversity in healing paths, focusing on personalized strategies for recovery and well-being, tailored to each individual's unique situation, needs, and strengths.
(424) 567-8919 View (424) 567-8919
Photo of Megan Cser Smith, Psychologist in Santa Monica, CA
Megan Cser Smith
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
I am committed to helping clients formulate and realize their goals for their lives and relationships based on the values that are important to them. Grounded in research and clinical experience, I view the therapeutic relationship as an active partnership through which I assist clients with better understanding themselves and the ways in which they relate to others and the world. From there, I work with clients to identify opportunities for change and to develop and implement new tools in line with their distinct objectives.
I am committed to helping clients formulate and realize their goals for their lives and relationships based on the values that are important to them. Grounded in research and clinical experience, I view the therapeutic relationship as an active partnership through which I assist clients with better understanding themselves and the ways in which they relate to others and the world. From there, I work with clients to identify opportunities for change and to develop and implement new tools in line with their distinct objectives.
(310) 861-3372 View (310) 861-3372
Photo of Justin Ayres, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Justin Ayres
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90401
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist dedicated to a life that develops the wholeness of Psyche or the Soul. I have worked with children and families, issues of addiction and personality development. My goal is to continue to work on raising a sense of personal dignity for my patients as they approach and encounter their life, and see the dignity in others. My training has been in the traditions of Depth Psychology, experiencing remarkable practices as presented at Pacifica Graduate Institute and at the CG Jung Institute of Los Angeles.
I am a Marriage and Family Therapist dedicated to a life that develops the wholeness of Psyche or the Soul. I have worked with children and families, issues of addiction and personality development. My goal is to continue to work on raising a sense of personal dignity for my patients as they approach and encounter their life, and see the dignity in others. My training has been in the traditions of Depth Psychology, experiencing remarkable practices as presented at Pacifica Graduate Institute and at the CG Jung Institute of Los Angeles.
(424) 581-0140 View (424) 581-0140
Photo of Stephanie R Sorady, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Stephanie R Sorady
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405  (Online Only)
Even though you are a hard-working & high-achieving person you still feel dissatisfied with your life, career, or relationships. On top of that, you are struggling to manage the feelings of anxiety and overwhelm that have become too familiar. I get it because I've been there also. My role is to support you through this transformation to help you find the clarity, self-awareness, and self-compassion you deserve.
Even though you are a hard-working & high-achieving person you still feel dissatisfied with your life, career, or relationships. On top of that, you are struggling to manage the feelings of anxiety and overwhelm that have become too familiar. I get it because I've been there also. My role is to support you through this transformation to help you find the clarity, self-awareness, and self-compassion you deserve.
(424) 577-5945 View (424) 577-5945
Photo of Brittany Couture, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Monica, CA
Brittany Couture
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PsyD, AMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Dr. Brittany Couture. In my virtual therapy practice I welcome individuals and couples with sensitivity to diverse backgrounds and identities as well as all kinds of relationships. I am passionate about working with patients who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationships, motherhood, life transitions and those who are suffering from inner conflicts and/or life stressors. I specialize in anxiety and relationship counseling. I can help you create strong and healthy relationships and develop emotional connections.
Hi, I’m Dr. Brittany Couture. In my virtual therapy practice I welcome individuals and couples with sensitivity to diverse backgrounds and identities as well as all kinds of relationships. I am passionate about working with patients who struggle with anxiety, depression, relationships, motherhood, life transitions and those who are suffering from inner conflicts and/or life stressors. I specialize in anxiety and relationship counseling. I can help you create strong and healthy relationships and develop emotional connections.
(424) 239-1783 View (424) 239-1783
Photo of Tracy King, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Tracy King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90405
You've already tried it on your own. Maybe you've found partial solutions,but it does get discouraging finding yourself, or your relationship, repeating the same patterns over and over. Seeing a very experienced, sharp, interactive therapist means finding much quicker relief for problems related to relationships , depression, anxiety and panic, parenting, childhood, and life directions. Working with me means forming a solution-oriented partnership for real change. I have successfully done this work for many years, and help people on both long or short term issues. To meet your needs, I have evening & W/E appointments.
You've already tried it on your own. Maybe you've found partial solutions,but it does get discouraging finding yourself, or your relationship, repeating the same patterns over and over. Seeing a very experienced, sharp, interactive therapist means finding much quicker relief for problems related to relationships , depression, anxiety and panic, parenting, childhood, and life directions. Working with me means forming a solution-oriented partnership for real change. I have successfully done this work for many years, and help people on both long or short term issues. To meet your needs, I have evening & W/E appointments.
(310) 340-6874 View (310) 340-6874
Photo of Lisa L Rakusin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Lisa L Rakusin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and an certified EMDR Therapist, experienced at treating trauma caused by all kinds of stressful and/or traumatic events, including grief and loss, as well as any related issues such as anxiety, depression, and substance use, that can develop as a result. I am passionate about creating a safe space and a compassionate, nonjudgmental relationship with my clients as I guide them, utilizing their strengths, to accomplish post-traumatic growth and healing. I also believe in the importance of including family members and significant others, when available, as part of the treatment.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and an certified EMDR Therapist, experienced at treating trauma caused by all kinds of stressful and/or traumatic events, including grief and loss, as well as any related issues such as anxiety, depression, and substance use, that can develop as a result. I am passionate about creating a safe space and a compassionate, nonjudgmental relationship with my clients as I guide them, utilizing their strengths, to accomplish post-traumatic growth and healing. I also believe in the importance of including family members and significant others, when available, as part of the treatment.
(323) 844-8827 View (323) 844-8827
Photo of Mary Starks, Counselor in Santa Monica, CA
Mary Starks
Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403
I am a psychotherapist licensed therapist in California and Arizona with over 15 years of experience. My approach is psychoanalytic and collaborative in nature and I have an enduring interest in psychological crises and struggles within relationships. I'm interested in how our attachment histories can contribute to our current states and how they've shaped who we are.
I am a psychotherapist licensed therapist in California and Arizona with over 15 years of experience. My approach is psychoanalytic and collaborative in nature and I have an enduring interest in psychological crises and struggles within relationships. I'm interested in how our attachment histories can contribute to our current states and how they've shaped who we are.
(310) 388-6796 View (310) 388-6796
Photo of Katarina Matolek, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Katarina Matolek
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, EMDR, BSP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Greetings! Do you want to be empowered, find fulfillment, or heal from trauma and let go of the past? I start by creating a safe space to guide you on a journey of self-discovery. I treasure that our minds, bodies, spirits, and relationships are fastened together and are affected by one another in a close manner. I'll address each of those personal facets to help you emerge holistically with a therapeutic style drawn from various approaches such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Brainspotting (BSP), and Jungian Sandplay Therapy.
Greetings! Do you want to be empowered, find fulfillment, or heal from trauma and let go of the past? I start by creating a safe space to guide you on a journey of self-discovery. I treasure that our minds, bodies, spirits, and relationships are fastened together and are affected by one another in a close manner. I'll address each of those personal facets to help you emerge holistically with a therapeutic style drawn from various approaches such as Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Brainspotting (BSP), and Jungian Sandplay Therapy.
(310) 564-7914 View (310) 564-7914
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology--West LA, Psychologist in Santa Monica, CA
Silver Lake Psychology--West LA
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(424) 374-3520 View (424) 374-3520
Photo of Tara Fairbanks, Psychologist in Santa Monica, CA
Tara Fairbanks
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90405
My aim is to help you live with a feeling of wholeness and sturdiness, even when life is difficult. You need no longer feel tired, never enough, and at the mercy of your own performance. I encourage my clients to dream bravely about the changes they hope to see in their lives. We work to get there by identifying and shifting the patterns keeping them stuck, with the goal of cultivating more meaningful relationships, as well as greater freedom and joy. I am passionate about working with people on relationship issues, whether you are single or in a relationship.
My aim is to help you live with a feeling of wholeness and sturdiness, even when life is difficult. You need no longer feel tired, never enough, and at the mercy of your own performance. I encourage my clients to dream bravely about the changes they hope to see in their lives. We work to get there by identifying and shifting the patterns keeping them stuck, with the goal of cultivating more meaningful relationships, as well as greater freedom and joy. I am passionate about working with people on relationship issues, whether you are single or in a relationship.
(323) 843-6202 View (323) 843-6202
Photo of Maura Tousignant, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Maura Tousignant
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Monica, CA 90404
You’re looking for a therapist because: you feel stuck due to past trauma, you find yourself preoccupied with concerns about your partner, you’re grieving the loss of a loved one, you’re feeling stressed and overwhelmed by work or school, you are longing to be more connected to your authentic and full self. I’m here to help you with this! I provide a warm and focused presence as we work together to create positive and long-lasting change.
You’re looking for a therapist because: you feel stuck due to past trauma, you find yourself preoccupied with concerns about your partner, you’re grieving the loss of a loved one, you’re feeling stressed and overwhelmed by work or school, you are longing to be more connected to your authentic and full self. I’m here to help you with this! I provide a warm and focused presence as we work together to create positive and long-lasting change.
(818) 877-7261 View (818) 877-7261
Photo of Rebekah Tayebi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Monica, CA
Rebekah Tayebi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Monica, CA 90403
I work with motivated, loving clients and with folks who are ready to heal from childhood wounding. My clients engage in self-study, discovering who they are and how to love and re-parent themselves. I work with teens, young adults, and families. I offer parent coaching to parents who want to learn how to effectively communicate and intervene with their children. My style is warm, curious, direct, and relationship focused. In the course of our work together, my clients learn skills that are accessible yet powerful. I've been in the field over eighteen years and feel lucky to support such incredible people on their healing path.
I work with motivated, loving clients and with folks who are ready to heal from childhood wounding. My clients engage in self-study, discovering who they are and how to love and re-parent themselves. I work with teens, young adults, and families. I offer parent coaching to parents who want to learn how to effectively communicate and intervene with their children. My style is warm, curious, direct, and relationship focused. In the course of our work together, my clients learn skills that are accessible yet powerful. I've been in the field over eighteen years and feel lucky to support such incredible people on their healing path.
(657) 306-5712 View (657) 306-5712

See more therapy options for Santa Monica

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Santa Monica, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Santa Monica, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
73% Trauma and PTSD
66% Grief
65% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
48% Cigna and Evernorth
42% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Santa Monica, CA see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Santa Monica?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.