Therapists in Ojai, CA

Photo of Crystal Reeves, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Crystal Reeves
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
I believe everyone needs a listening ear to help get through difficult times. Why not let that listening ear be a trained professional. As your clinician I will provide a safe therapeutic environment to help you get through your current life challenges. I work with adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, substance use, relationship concerns, life adjustments, and poor emotional regulations skills.
I believe everyone needs a listening ear to help get through difficult times. Why not let that listening ear be a trained professional. As your clinician I will provide a safe therapeutic environment to help you get through your current life challenges. I work with adults who are struggling with depression, anxiety, substance use, relationship concerns, life adjustments, and poor emotional regulations skills.
(661) 215-6101 View (661) 215-6101
Photo of Matianna Baldassari, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Matianna Baldassari
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ojai, CA 93023  (Online Only)
Have you ever had a not-so-great therapy experience? Maybe you left a session feeling more misunderstood, judged, or alone than when you walked in. The therapist may have made assumptions that proved they didn't get you at all - or tried to make decisions for you. With 15 years of experience, one of my highest values is to listen carefully to my clients and treat you with the utmost respect. I do my best to leave my prior assumptions at the door and believe clients are the experts in their lives. Don't know where to begin?
Have you ever had a not-so-great therapy experience? Maybe you left a session feeling more misunderstood, judged, or alone than when you walked in. The therapist may have made assumptions that proved they didn't get you at all - or tried to make decisions for you. With 15 years of experience, one of my highest values is to listen carefully to my clients and treat you with the utmost respect. I do my best to leave my prior assumptions at the door and believe clients are the experts in their lives. Don't know where to begin?
(805) 765-8630 View (805) 765-8630
Photo of Charlyn C Erdek, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Charlyn C Erdek
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Ojai, CA 93023  (Online Only)
Are you struggling with overwhelming feelings? Has a personal or professional relationship changed and now you feel stuck trying to make a connection? Life is full of challenges and while we can't change the past we can learn to navigate the future with new perspectives and different ways to handle these challenges. I am here to provide you extra support during your current difficulties. Together we can explore new and healthy ways of living to create a meaningful, connected and purposeful life.
Are you struggling with overwhelming feelings? Has a personal or professional relationship changed and now you feel stuck trying to make a connection? Life is full of challenges and while we can't change the past we can learn to navigate the future with new perspectives and different ways to handle these challenges. I am here to provide you extra support during your current difficulties. Together we can explore new and healthy ways of living to create a meaningful, connected and purposeful life.
(213) 279-6447 View (213) 279-6447
Photo of Lacee Dilmore, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Lacee Dilmore
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
I’m excited to tell you about the work I do with individuals so your intuition can better inform you whether or not I’m a good fit to support you. I am interested in helping you cultivate a more loving and understanding relationship with yourself and your intuition with the support of a connection to spirituality. I truly believe our own misunderstanding of our hurt supports us in hurting our selves and others, consciously and unconsciously. All individual and collective difficulties stem from that truth and exploring things from a spiritual perspective is what I have seen work most effectively in my many years of doing this work.
I’m excited to tell you about the work I do with individuals so your intuition can better inform you whether or not I’m a good fit to support you. I am interested in helping you cultivate a more loving and understanding relationship with yourself and your intuition with the support of a connection to spirituality. I truly believe our own misunderstanding of our hurt supports us in hurting our selves and others, consciously and unconsciously. All individual and collective difficulties stem from that truth and exploring things from a spiritual perspective is what I have seen work most effectively in my many years of doing this work.
(805) 669-9061 View (805) 669-9061
Photo of Wendy Maureen Elliott, Counselor in Ojai, CA
Wendy Maureen Elliott
Counselor, MA, LPC, SEP, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ojai, CA 93023
Waitlist for new clients
Are you feeling unsure or stuck? Unable to get motivated, full of self-doubt? Wanting to make a change but scared to do so? Disconnected from yourself but not sure why? If you are suffering from any of the above, then I can help. Working together, we get to the core of what is going on in a safe and supportive environment so that you can feel calm, clear and empowered to begin to make some changes.
Are you feeling unsure or stuck? Unable to get motivated, full of self-doubt? Wanting to make a change but scared to do so? Disconnected from yourself but not sure why? If you are suffering from any of the above, then I can help. Working together, we get to the core of what is going on in a safe and supportive environment so that you can feel calm, clear and empowered to begin to make some changes.
(805) 639-8610 View (805) 639-8610
Photo of Hal Waite in Ojai, CA
Hal Waite
TRAUMA, HEALING, MA, MBA, SEP
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
PTSD / TRAUMA: Feel safe again. TRAUMA, big and small can be resolved. I will guide you through a gentle healing process. Get grounded, emotionally balanced. Your nervous system, once triggered, will remain in "flight or fright" mode indefinitely until you learn how to turn off the alarm signals from your brain. Using cutting edge techniques, Somatic Experiencing, Process Acupressure and EMDR, helps reset your nervous system allowing you to feel calm and centered. If you have ADDICTIVE tendencies, just know they are flawed solutions to deal with trauma. Please call for a free 30 minute phone consultation today.
PTSD / TRAUMA: Feel safe again. TRAUMA, big and small can be resolved. I will guide you through a gentle healing process. Get grounded, emotionally balanced. Your nervous system, once triggered, will remain in "flight or fright" mode indefinitely until you learn how to turn off the alarm signals from your brain. Using cutting edge techniques, Somatic Experiencing, Process Acupressure and EMDR, helps reset your nervous system allowing you to feel calm and centered. If you have ADDICTIVE tendencies, just know they are flawed solutions to deal with trauma. Please call for a free 30 minute phone consultation today.
(805) 669-9768 View (805) 669-9768
Photo of Socorro Madrigal, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ojai, CA
Socorro Madrigal
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ojai, CA 93023
Waitlist for new clients
I have been in the field for over twenty years working with children, adolescents and adults with issues related to trauma, loss, family conflict and life changes. All of these can create stress, which left untreated, can develop into debilitating symptoms of depression and or anxiety. My work is focused on giving you the tools to manage your symptoms, while identifying defeating patterns of thought and behavior and helping you develop healthy thinking and behavior to promote healing, growth and wholeness.
I have been in the field for over twenty years working with children, adolescents and adults with issues related to trauma, loss, family conflict and life changes. All of these can create stress, which left untreated, can develop into debilitating symptoms of depression and or anxiety. My work is focused on giving you the tools to manage your symptoms, while identifying defeating patterns of thought and behavior and helping you develop healthy thinking and behavior to promote healing, growth and wholeness.
(805) 434-6781 View (805) 434-6781
Photo of Kim Reinman, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Kim Reinman
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
What makes therapy work is the relationship/connection between the therapist and client, as well as the skills and technical expertise the therapist brings to the table. I am supportive, caring and committed to being totally present, meeting people where they are right now, hearing them in their own terms. Relationships between individuals, couples and families have become so stressful in these crazy-making times. I see my job as helping clients untangle life's challenges and assisting them in getting in touch with their own inner resources.
What makes therapy work is the relationship/connection between the therapist and client, as well as the skills and technical expertise the therapist brings to the table. I am supportive, caring and committed to being totally present, meeting people where they are right now, hearing them in their own terms. Relationships between individuals, couples and families have become so stressful in these crazy-making times. I see my job as helping clients untangle life's challenges and assisting them in getting in touch with their own inner resources.
(805) 409-8495 View (805) 409-8495
Photo of Julie Ann Sardonia, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Julie Ann Sardonia
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, , LMFT
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
Not accepting new clients
I am a supportive, empathic and solution oriented therapist allowing the client to be where they are in the present moment in a safe space to be vulnerable and explore their authentic self to elicit change in behaviors, thoughts and feelings.
I am a supportive, empathic and solution oriented therapist allowing the client to be where they are in the present moment in a safe space to be vulnerable and explore their authentic self to elicit change in behaviors, thoughts and feelings.
(805) 926-6464 View (805) 926-6464
Photo of Elizabeth A Hollon, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Elizabeth A Hollon
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ojai, CA 93023
The therapeutic atmosphere provided is safe, encouraging, insight oriented, and flexible. Over the years, I have focused my expertise on working with adults, families, and couples. I make sure that my clients feel validated, heard, and understood in a non-judgmental environment. Their needs, history, and life circumstances are taken into consideration in the therapeutic process. The goal is for my clients to achieve unconditional understanding, peace, and relief from disturbing symptoms. I am passionate about helping my clients achieve health and improvement in their quality of life.
The therapeutic atmosphere provided is safe, encouraging, insight oriented, and flexible. Over the years, I have focused my expertise on working with adults, families, and couples. I make sure that my clients feel validated, heard, and understood in a non-judgmental environment. Their needs, history, and life circumstances are taken into consideration in the therapeutic process. The goal is for my clients to achieve unconditional understanding, peace, and relief from disturbing symptoms. I am passionate about helping my clients achieve health and improvement in their quality of life.
(805) 918-5927 View (805) 918-5927
Photo of Dr. Angela Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ojai, CA
Dr. Angela Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
I guide people through shadow, shame, and trauma to live sacred, soulful lives. Many of us struggle in our lives because we are unconsciously stuck with a perspective that helped us survive in the past, but that no longer serves us in. We're afraid of our own shadow. We hide from the parts we most dislike. This hiding keeps us stuck, guarded and fearful. Using mindfulness to creatively, compassionately and courageously look into your emotional, behavioral and relational patterns can help you move into a more mindful, creative, healthy and fulfilling life.
I guide people through shadow, shame, and trauma to live sacred, soulful lives. Many of us struggle in our lives because we are unconsciously stuck with a perspective that helped us survive in the past, but that no longer serves us in. We're afraid of our own shadow. We hide from the parts we most dislike. This hiding keeps us stuck, guarded and fearful. Using mindfulness to creatively, compassionately and courageously look into your emotional, behavioral and relational patterns can help you move into a more mindful, creative, healthy and fulfilling life.
(818) 457-6968 View (818) 457-6968
Photo of Chaarenne T. Torris, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ojai, CA
Chaarenne T. Torris
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADCII, LAADACr, ICADC
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
If you are ready to make a change in your life and a committment to do the work, I will help you regain your health and happiness. I practice transpersonal psychology which focuses on the integration of body, mind and spirit. This helps to bring balance to your life and is effective in bringing about lasting, positive change. Together we will identify your strengths and increase your coping skills. I will be honest,direct and gently challenging, helping you regain your "best self". I work best with issues of trauma, relationships, addictions (all types) and codependency, child custody and co-parenting/mediation.
If you are ready to make a change in your life and a committment to do the work, I will help you regain your health and happiness. I practice transpersonal psychology which focuses on the integration of body, mind and spirit. This helps to bring balance to your life and is effective in bringing about lasting, positive change. Together we will identify your strengths and increase your coping skills. I will be honest,direct and gently challenging, helping you regain your "best self". I work best with issues of trauma, relationships, addictions (all types) and codependency, child custody and co-parenting/mediation.
(805) 669-9683 View (805) 669-9683
Photo of Jennifer Ollestad, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Jennifer Ollestad
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ojai, CA 93023
I am a licensed MFT with offices in Santa Monica and Ojai. For the past twenty + years I have been working as a therapist with adolescents, adults and families. I am also a clinical supervisor to interns in my private practice, and I provide psychotherapy for therapists in training. My work as a therapist focuses on relationships of all kinds. For my clients, I hope to be an agent of positive change by working with them towards an understanding of the dynamics that keep them from moving forward and then by mentoring them to co-create bigger lives for themselves.
I am a licensed MFT with offices in Santa Monica and Ojai. For the past twenty + years I have been working as a therapist with adolescents, adults and families. I am also a clinical supervisor to interns in my private practice, and I provide psychotherapy for therapists in training. My work as a therapist focuses on relationships of all kinds. For my clients, I hope to be an agent of positive change by working with them towards an understanding of the dynamics that keep them from moving forward and then by mentoring them to co-create bigger lives for themselves.
(424) 570-3246 View (424) 570-3246
Photo of Nathalie Johnson | Therapy Partners, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ojai, CA
Nathalie Johnson | Therapy Partners
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW, PPSC
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023  (Online Only)
Therapy offers hope for personal growth and lasting change, whether you're facing challenges alone, supporting a loved one, or working on family dynamics. Life's complexities can be navigated with new skills and the right support, leading to positive transformations and a stronger sense of well-being.
Therapy offers hope for personal growth and lasting change, whether you're facing challenges alone, supporting a loved one, or working on family dynamics. Life's complexities can be navigated with new skills and the right support, leading to positive transformations and a stronger sense of well-being.
(805) 301-5219 View (805) 301-5219
Photo of Joy Thornhill, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Joy Thornhill
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
Parents, are you finding yourself exhausted from having yet another argument with your spouse about what to do with your children who continue to behave poorly? Or perhaps you look around at your family and feel sad that you aren’t connecting the way you used to. Your child may be moody, anxious, or seem depressed and you don’t know why or how it came to be this way. You would like support and some extra tools in your toolbox to handle the family stress and are in dire need of some relief.
Parents, are you finding yourself exhausted from having yet another argument with your spouse about what to do with your children who continue to behave poorly? Or perhaps you look around at your family and feel sad that you aren’t connecting the way you used to. Your child may be moody, anxious, or seem depressed and you don’t know why or how it came to be this way. You would like support and some extra tools in your toolbox to handle the family stress and are in dire need of some relief.
(805) 429-4562 View (805) 429-4562
Photo of Joseph P Clark, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Joseph P Clark
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, CHT, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ojai, CA 93024  (Online Only)
I am an Internal Family Systems Institute (IFS) trained therapist. My therapeutic approach is based on the core principles of the therapies that make up my eclectic background. The core principles are (1) the assertion that each person possesses a healthy inner core, a deeper connection to the Self, and (2) that sharing one's inner qualities with others allows one to discover the benefits of this connection to the Self. And (3) that while fulfillment and happiness are not guaranteed in life, meaning and a sense of purpose are available regardless of circumstances.
I am an Internal Family Systems Institute (IFS) trained therapist. My therapeutic approach is based on the core principles of the therapies that make up my eclectic background. The core principles are (1) the assertion that each person possesses a healthy inner core, a deeper connection to the Self, and (2) that sharing one's inner qualities with others allows one to discover the benefits of this connection to the Self. And (3) that while fulfillment and happiness are not guaranteed in life, meaning and a sense of purpose are available regardless of circumstances.
(805) 669-9871 View (805) 669-9871
Photo of Caroline Berlin Psychotherapist Hypnotherapist, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Caroline Berlin Psychotherapist Hypnotherapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
How do you speak to yourself? This makes us feel the way we do. (We treat others the way we treat ourself.) Learn how to use and align your words, thoughts even, with your own positive intentions. Get rid of whatever is in the way. The brain can't tell the difference between an imagined experience and a real one. You don't have to reinvent the wheel to feel difficult feelings to completion. Mistakes are opportunities for getting what you want. With gentle patience and respect, I can show you how to allow feelings to be fully felt. Change beliefs and align with what you really want. It's a lot simpler than it sounds.
How do you speak to yourself? This makes us feel the way we do. (We treat others the way we treat ourself.) Learn how to use and align your words, thoughts even, with your own positive intentions. Get rid of whatever is in the way. The brain can't tell the difference between an imagined experience and a real one. You don't have to reinvent the wheel to feel difficult feelings to completion. Mistakes are opportunities for getting what you want. With gentle patience and respect, I can show you how to allow feelings to be fully felt. Change beliefs and align with what you really want. It's a lot simpler than it sounds.
(805) 272-7960 View (805) 272-7960
Photo of Alexis Elizabeth Taylor, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Ojai, CA
Alexis Elizabeth Taylor
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023  (Online Only)
Life can be a wonderful journey but it can also be a journey filled with immense challenges and hardships that make you feel stuck, helpless, and frustrated. Maybe you are going through a major life transition, dealing with depression or anxiety, or maybe you're struggling with your relationships right now. If any of this sounds familiar and you're ready to empower yourself and begin moving forward I am here to help you do that!
Life can be a wonderful journey but it can also be a journey filled with immense challenges and hardships that make you feel stuck, helpless, and frustrated. Maybe you are going through a major life transition, dealing with depression or anxiety, or maybe you're struggling with your relationships right now. If any of this sounds familiar and you're ready to empower yourself and begin moving forward I am here to help you do that!
(805) 567-7682 View (805) 567-7682
Photo of Katie Black, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Ojai, CA
Katie Black
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ojai, CA 93023
I help people who want to live authentic and creative lives. They know there is more to their existence and are struggling to clarify their path. Life may be consumed by past trauma, relationship issues, protective behaviors, beliefs and/or feelings. Together we can support an uncovering of what is getting in the way and what works to support truth and understanding. The intention is to guide people to trust and experience their inner knowing and unique path. Together we can support you to take steps that help reveal clarity!
I help people who want to live authentic and creative lives. They know there is more to their existence and are struggling to clarify their path. Life may be consumed by past trauma, relationship issues, protective behaviors, beliefs and/or feelings. Together we can support an uncovering of what is getting in the way and what works to support truth and understanding. The intention is to guide people to trust and experience their inner knowing and unique path. Together we can support you to take steps that help reveal clarity!
(805) 272-7901 View (805) 272-7901
Photo of Kathy Leary-Wilde, Marriage & Family Therapist in Ojai, CA
Kathy Leary-Wilde
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ojai, CA 93023
I truly enjoy the process of collaboration and sense of discovery as we form a therapeutic alliance. I love working with adults, both young and old, male and female. Establishing the relationship is foundational to our work together. Trust develops naturally as our connection grows. The pace is always determined by your comfort level and readiness. I can offer new coping skills and join with you to form therapy goals. As an experienced EMDR therapist I sometimes utilize Flash and EMDR to reduce and clear triggering remnants of the past. The result is greater ease and joy in your life.
I truly enjoy the process of collaboration and sense of discovery as we form a therapeutic alliance. I love working with adults, both young and old, male and female. Establishing the relationship is foundational to our work together. Trust develops naturally as our connection grows. The pace is always determined by your comfort level and readiness. I can offer new coping skills and join with you to form therapy goals. As an experienced EMDR therapist I sometimes utilize Flash and EMDR to reduce and clear triggering remnants of the past. The result is greater ease and joy in your life.
(805) 424-5432 View (805) 424-5432

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Ojai, CA

100+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Ojai, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
86% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
70% Grief
67% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

15 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

56% Aetna
44% Cigna and Evernorth
42% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Ojai, CA see their clients

79% In Person and Online
21% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
15% Male

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Ojai?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.