Therapists in Salem, OR

Photo of Kiri Watson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Salem, OR
Kiri Watson
Pre-Licensed Professional, Intern
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
It’s my belief that within relationships healing and growth occurs. As your counselor, my goal is to provide a non-judgmental and compassionate space where you can feel safe exploring difficult experiences, sharing vulnerable emotions, and identifying any barriers to your goals. I strongly believe that you are the expert of your own life and that my role is to walk alongside you, helping to facilitate growth and any changes you may desire.
It’s my belief that within relationships healing and growth occurs. As your counselor, my goal is to provide a non-judgmental and compassionate space where you can feel safe exploring difficult experiences, sharing vulnerable emotions, and identifying any barriers to your goals. I strongly believe that you are the expert of your own life and that my role is to walk alongside you, helping to facilitate growth and any changes you may desire.
(503) 751-3870 View (503) 751-3870
Photo of Joselyn Salaz, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Joselyn Salaz
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Are you an empathic woman who easily feels and holds the energy of what's around you? Do you have difficulty knowing if your thoughts or emotions really belong to you? Are you holding on to past experiences that cause you distress? Are you seeking a holistic and integrative aligned solution to let go of unwanted energy? As an LPC with a Ph.D in counseling psychology and certifications as an astrologer, Reiki master, clinical hypnotherapist, past life regression hypnotherapist & integrative medicine, I am able to blend these complimentary techniques to help you understand and release what no longer serves you.
Are you an empathic woman who easily feels and holds the energy of what's around you? Do you have difficulty knowing if your thoughts or emotions really belong to you? Are you holding on to past experiences that cause you distress? Are you seeking a holistic and integrative aligned solution to let go of unwanted energy? As an LPC with a Ph.D in counseling psychology and certifications as an astrologer, Reiki master, clinical hypnotherapist, past life regression hypnotherapist & integrative medicine, I am able to blend these complimentary techniques to help you understand and release what no longer serves you.
(971) 273-5717 View (971) 273-5717
Photo of Yaga Healing Place, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Yaga Healing Place
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
My clinical framework is rooted in attachment theory, which reiterates the delicate nature of the relationship between mother and baby. This relationship is integral to everything in our world and yet we often trivialize this relationship and assume that if there is a happy, healthy baby, then our mothers should remain perfectly aligned. The truth is, we know that the journey of motherhood is far more complex and intertwined, than how society portrays it.
My clinical framework is rooted in attachment theory, which reiterates the delicate nature of the relationship between mother and baby. This relationship is integral to everything in our world and yet we often trivialize this relationship and assume that if there is a happy, healthy baby, then our mothers should remain perfectly aligned. The truth is, we know that the journey of motherhood is far more complex and intertwined, than how society portrays it.
(971) 251-1850 View (971) 251-1850
Photo of Sarah Archer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Sarah Archer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
If you feel like you're carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders, or that your traumatic experiences are robbing the color from life, or that you just don't know how to function anymore, I am here to extend a warm invitation to contact me. I work with people who are struggling with adulting, anxiety and depression, relationship hardships, self esteem, and traumatic experiences. I understand that asking for help can be a hard first step, and I offer a free consultation and a soft place to land. I come from the approach that our relationship is the most important aspect of our work together.
If you feel like you're carrying the weight of the world on your shoulders, or that your traumatic experiences are robbing the color from life, or that you just don't know how to function anymore, I am here to extend a warm invitation to contact me. I work with people who are struggling with adulting, anxiety and depression, relationship hardships, self esteem, and traumatic experiences. I understand that asking for help can be a hard first step, and I offer a free consultation and a soft place to land. I come from the approach that our relationship is the most important aspect of our work together.
(503) 300-5517 View (503) 300-5517
Photo of Cyncha Dato / Inspired Counseling & Wellness, LLC., Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Cyncha Dato / Inspired Counseling & Wellness, LLC.
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, CFC, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
CONDUCTING SESSION THRU VIDEO/PHONE. I am a WPATH Member and offer Behavioral Health Assessments and letter writing for the purpose of Gender Affirming treatment and surgeries. I offer sessions on WEEKENDS at no extra charge. I also offer a group for NB/Transgender Adults and LGBTQ+ teens (12-17). I follow a holistic approach to therapy. In other words, exploring various aspects that may impact an individual’s emotional, mental, and physical well-being.
CONDUCTING SESSION THRU VIDEO/PHONE. I am a WPATH Member and offer Behavioral Health Assessments and letter writing for the purpose of Gender Affirming treatment and surgeries. I offer sessions on WEEKENDS at no extra charge. I also offer a group for NB/Transgender Adults and LGBTQ+ teens (12-17). I follow a holistic approach to therapy. In other words, exploring various aspects that may impact an individual’s emotional, mental, and physical well-being.
(971) 599-2786 View (971) 599-2786
Photo of Debbie Williams, Marriage & Family Therapist in Salem, OR
Debbie Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
I work with children and adults experiencing worry, anxiety, grief, depression, shame, low self-esteem, and other stressors, challenges, or changes in life. We are not meant to deal with the difficulties of life alone. Therapy provides a place to feel heard and understood. It can offer a fresh perspective and help you find solutions. I believe that when a person feels safe, accepted, and emotionally supported that healing can begin. My style is warm, gentle, encouraging, and collaborative. I focus on connecting with you, exploring your story, and identifying strengths and opportunities.
I work with children and adults experiencing worry, anxiety, grief, depression, shame, low self-esteem, and other stressors, challenges, or changes in life. We are not meant to deal with the difficulties of life alone. Therapy provides a place to feel heard and understood. It can offer a fresh perspective and help you find solutions. I believe that when a person feels safe, accepted, and emotionally supported that healing can begin. My style is warm, gentle, encouraging, and collaborative. I focus on connecting with you, exploring your story, and identifying strengths and opportunities.
(971) 220-5232 View (971) 220-5232
Photo of Amanda McHugh, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Salem, OR
Amanda McHugh
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
My counseling approach is based on the belief that everyone can create meaningful change within themselves. I believe that all entities whether it be individuals, couples or families have the innate ability to create change and resolve issues. I think we are all intrinsically designed to be resilient and to find strength from within ourselves when it is needed. As a forward thinker, I am prone to believe that when hope is instilled, and solutions are sought or offered there is always a greater possibility for change to occur.
My counseling approach is based on the belief that everyone can create meaningful change within themselves. I believe that all entities whether it be individuals, couples or families have the innate ability to create change and resolve issues. I think we are all intrinsically designed to be resilient and to find strength from within ourselves when it is needed. As a forward thinker, I am prone to believe that when hope is instilled, and solutions are sought or offered there is always a greater possibility for change to occur.
(503) 822-7604 View (503) 822-7604
Photo of Scott K Elmore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Scott K Elmore
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LPC, CCSOT
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Waitlist for new clients
Greetings neighbors. I am a person-centered therapist. I believe you are the expert of your life, and it’s my job to help you identify and overcome obstacles in life that are keeping you from experiencing true happiness and joy. I work with individuals, couples, and families who are facing difficult challenges in their lives, by being supportive, affirming, and helping identify unwanted and disruptive behaviors and thinking patterns.
Greetings neighbors. I am a person-centered therapist. I believe you are the expert of your life, and it’s my job to help you identify and overcome obstacles in life that are keeping you from experiencing true happiness and joy. I work with individuals, couples, and families who are facing difficult challenges in their lives, by being supportive, affirming, and helping identify unwanted and disruptive behaviors and thinking patterns.
(971) 283-7300 View (971) 283-7300
Photo of Aj Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Aj Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
I believe that every person, regardless of diagnosis or past experiences, can lead purposeful and fulfilling lives with the proper support. We do the best with what we have, and too often life presents significant challenges we are forced to adapt to. Sometimes the patterns that were helpful to get through our childhood present major challenges later in life. Our symptoms do not make us abnormal and are not part of a fundamental flaw that needs fixing, they are a normal response to extraordinary circumstances. Problems do not exist within one person but are the result of a person’s context, family patterns, and learned behaviors.
I believe that every person, regardless of diagnosis or past experiences, can lead purposeful and fulfilling lives with the proper support. We do the best with what we have, and too often life presents significant challenges we are forced to adapt to. Sometimes the patterns that were helpful to get through our childhood present major challenges later in life. Our symptoms do not make us abnormal and are not part of a fundamental flaw that needs fixing, they are a normal response to extraordinary circumstances. Problems do not exist within one person but are the result of a person’s context, family patterns, and learned behaviors.
(971) 599-2814 View (971) 599-2814
Photo of Anita Ethell in Salem, OR
Anita Ethell
LPCA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97302
Looking for a therapist can be complicated, so let's keep it simple: I treat individual clients and couples. I primarily treat anxiety, depression, and trauma. I have a long history of supporting Autistic and ADHD folks - neurodivergency of all kinds is welcome here! I believe that most problems have their roots in the past, have the opportunity to be changed in the present, and can provide us the key for a hopeful future. If you are looking for a quiet and accepting place that can help you create thoughtful and sustainable changes, my office is a great place to be.
Looking for a therapist can be complicated, so let's keep it simple: I treat individual clients and couples. I primarily treat anxiety, depression, and trauma. I have a long history of supporting Autistic and ADHD folks - neurodivergency of all kinds is welcome here! I believe that most problems have their roots in the past, have the opportunity to be changed in the present, and can provide us the key for a hopeful future. If you are looking for a quiet and accepting place that can help you create thoughtful and sustainable changes, my office is a great place to be.
(503) 755-8951 View (503) 755-8951
Photo of Stacia D'Anna, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Stacia D'Anna
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Not accepting new clients
My 9 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families have led me to a passion for specific areas of study and practice. I believe in an eclectic approach which draws on a multitude of theories and treatment interventions including DBT; EMDR; Polyvagal Theory and Somatic Regulation; solution-focused; CBT; Sand-Play and Psychodynamic theory.
My 9 years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families have led me to a passion for specific areas of study and practice. I believe in an eclectic approach which draws on a multitude of theories and treatment interventions including DBT; EMDR; Polyvagal Theory and Somatic Regulation; solution-focused; CBT; Sand-Play and Psychodynamic theory.
(503) 966-9650 View (503) 966-9650
Photo of Alma Garibay, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Alma Garibay
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301
Are you struggling with anxiety and depression and you are ready to start healing? You have been in therapy before, but you are looking for something different than regular talk therapy. You like to go back to be your happier self and feel unstuck. You want to finally let go of your past traumas and not just find a coping skill but to finally release what has been holding you back. Want to improve your self-confidence, have better relationships with significant others and family members. You can overcome struggles by learning the root of your problems in order to move on and feel joyful again.
Are you struggling with anxiety and depression and you are ready to start healing? You have been in therapy before, but you are looking for something different than regular talk therapy. You like to go back to be your happier self and feel unstuck. You want to finally let go of your past traumas and not just find a coping skill but to finally release what has been holding you back. Want to improve your self-confidence, have better relationships with significant others and family members. You can overcome struggles by learning the root of your problems in order to move on and feel joyful again.
(971) 273-5615 View (971) 273-5615
Photo of Bryan Hodson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Bryan Hodson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97304
Now accepting Aetna, Cigna, Optum, and Unitedhealthcare. Also Canopy/Cascade Centers EAP and Optum EAP. Accepting new clients! I have 7 years experience and specialized training to assist individuals struggling with pornography and out of control sexual behavior. I am also trained to use EMDR for clients struggling with trauma memories, PTSD, and panic attacks. I can assist clients in all other general mental health areas, including anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and conflict management.
Now accepting Aetna, Cigna, Optum, and Unitedhealthcare. Also Canopy/Cascade Centers EAP and Optum EAP. Accepting new clients! I have 7 years experience and specialized training to assist individuals struggling with pornography and out of control sexual behavior. I am also trained to use EMDR for clients struggling with trauma memories, PTSD, and panic attacks. I can assist clients in all other general mental health areas, including anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, and conflict management.
(503) 925-3009 View (503) 925-3009
Photo of Chelsea Scott, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Chelsea Scott
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301
Many of us reach a point in our life where our ways of dealing with issues are no longer working and we need new skills to create the changes we want. I believe that we have the capacity within us to overcome difficult challenges, heal from painful life experiences and achieve our most valued personal goals. Working with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues, My therapeutic approach is to help you face your challenges with insight, warmth and humor. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals.
Many of us reach a point in our life where our ways of dealing with issues are no longer working and we need new skills to create the changes we want. I believe that we have the capacity within us to overcome difficult challenges, heal from painful life experiences and achieve our most valued personal goals. Working with a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues, My therapeutic approach is to help you face your challenges with insight, warmth and humor. If you're looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals.
(503) 967-2315 View (503) 967-2315
Photo of Darlene Marie Stimson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Salem, OR
Darlene Marie Stimson
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97304
Accepting new clients! Life can be filled with unexpected challenges. These vary from change of life situations to loss of job, marital difficulties, divorce, trauma and grief over the loss of a loved one. I welcome you to explore various ways to navigate these experiences in a safe, sensitive and warm environment. Together we can find creative and positive approaches tailored to your circumstances. As a team we can explore your thoughts, feelings, beliefs and behaviors and take action to reach a positive outcome!
Accepting new clients! Life can be filled with unexpected challenges. These vary from change of life situations to loss of job, marital difficulties, divorce, trauma and grief over the loss of a loved one. I welcome you to explore various ways to navigate these experiences in a safe, sensitive and warm environment. Together we can find creative and positive approaches tailored to your circumstances. As a team we can explore your thoughts, feelings, beliefs and behaviors and take action to reach a positive outcome!
(503) 461-4384 View (503) 461-4384
Photo of Shauna Ann Fries, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Shauna Ann Fries
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97304
I am accepting NEW clients. I am seeking clients who are ready to work on their personal struggles and gain insight into what is triggering symptoms. I am interested in individuals who are on the spectrum, the LGBTQIA community, Self-esteems and self love concerns, generational trauma, post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, and depression. I primarily run my practice Friday through Sunday, with some flexibility. Fot questions, please contact me.
I am accepting NEW clients. I am seeking clients who are ready to work on their personal struggles and gain insight into what is triggering symptoms. I am interested in individuals who are on the spectrum, the LGBTQIA community, Self-esteems and self love concerns, generational trauma, post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, and depression. I primarily run my practice Friday through Sunday, with some flexibility. Fot questions, please contact me.
(503) 461-2996 View (503) 461-2996
Photo of Kelly Egilske, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Kelly Egilske
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97304  (Online Only)
“Healing takes courage, and we all have courage, even if we have to dig a little to find it.” I see my life as a mission to help others see themselves in their original beauty, to learn the truth about who they are so they can be set free, to assist them in opening to their own unique destiny, and to work through beliefs and behaviors that keep them trapped in old ways of being. This is work I have had to do on myself, and still continue to do. I believe in using a holistic approach, which addresses every level of our being - the body, emotions, mind, and spirit.
“Healing takes courage, and we all have courage, even if we have to dig a little to find it.” I see my life as a mission to help others see themselves in their original beauty, to learn the truth about who they are so they can be set free, to assist them in opening to their own unique destiny, and to work through beliefs and behaviors that keep them trapped in old ways of being. This is work I have had to do on myself, and still continue to do. I believe in using a holistic approach, which addresses every level of our being - the body, emotions, mind, and spirit.
(971) 224-7421 View (971) 224-7421
Photo of Tina Marie Glover, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Tina Marie Glover
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LPCC, CRC, CADC
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
An ideal mental health client is someone open to making positive changes in their life. This willingness to change is crucial in the therapeutic process for clients who are open to self-awareness, have motivation, and are open to feedback.
An ideal mental health client is someone open to making positive changes in their life. This willingness to change is crucial in the therapeutic process for clients who are open to self-awareness, have motivation, and are open to feedback.
(210) 934-5122 View (210) 934-5122
Photo of Serena Hamilton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Salem, OR
Serena Hamilton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salem, OR 97301  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about helping those with significant trauma and abuse stories. You are my people! I specialize in helping clients recover from complex trauma, and the behaviors that often go with it, such as self-harming, self-medicating, and a lack of self-compassion. My approach is grounded in trauma-focused, attachment-based care. I am most concerned with the meaning you give to what you have been through, and how it has influenced you, and who you are. My goal, always, is to help you walk your own path and create an environment in which you feel empowered to reach your highest potential.
I am passionate about helping those with significant trauma and abuse stories. You are my people! I specialize in helping clients recover from complex trauma, and the behaviors that often go with it, such as self-harming, self-medicating, and a lack of self-compassion. My approach is grounded in trauma-focused, attachment-based care. I am most concerned with the meaning you give to what you have been through, and how it has influenced you, and who you are. My goal, always, is to help you walk your own path and create an environment in which you feel empowered to reach your highest potential.
(971) 306-5060 View (971) 306-5060
Photo of Here & After Counseling, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salem, OR
Here & After Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, APHSW-C
Verified Verified
Salem, OR 97308  (Online Only)
Hello! My name is Amanda (she/her) and thanks for learning more about my practice. I believe each person has their own unique story and deserves space to be seen and heard. Whether you are going through a life transition, living with illness, experiencing the loss of someone or in the role of a caregiver or healthcare professional, navigating life stressors can be overwhelming and even debilitating. You are not alone. My approach to therapy is to create a safe and welcoming space to identify, process, grow and heal from the life stressors you are experiencing. Collaboratively we can explore your strengths, goals, worries and hopes.
Hello! My name is Amanda (she/her) and thanks for learning more about my practice. I believe each person has their own unique story and deserves space to be seen and heard. Whether you are going through a life transition, living with illness, experiencing the loss of someone or in the role of a caregiver or healthcare professional, navigating life stressors can be overwhelming and even debilitating. You are not alone. My approach to therapy is to create a safe and welcoming space to identify, process, grow and heal from the life stressors you are experiencing. Collaboratively we can explore your strengths, goals, worries and hopes.
(503) 714-7625 View (503) 714-7625

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Salem, OR

400+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Salem, OR who prioritize treating:

89% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Trauma and PTSD
72% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
70% Stress
64% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

62% PacificSource
49% Providence
48% Oregon Health Plan (OHP)

How Therapists in Salem, OR see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
21% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Salem?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.