Therapists in Seattle, WA

View neighborhoods in Seattle
Photo of Angela Tam, IFS + Psychadelic Therapist, Mental Health Counselor in Seattle, WA
Angela Tam, IFS + Psychadelic Therapist
Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98108  (Online Only)
As an adult child of asian immigrants, you are probably aware of what it's like to operate based on a sense of responsibility to others, to suppress your own anger and to not be able to easily connect with your feelings, desires and needs. I offer you an opportunity to heal your wounds in a deeply compassionate and trauma informed way, including healing from racial, systemic and historical trauma. I welcome and affirming of all identities, particularly QTBIPOC folx. Whether you feel stuck in your painful patterns or are looking to find more fulfilling ways to be in relationships, I can meet you where you are.
As an adult child of asian immigrants, you are probably aware of what it's like to operate based on a sense of responsibility to others, to suppress your own anger and to not be able to easily connect with your feelings, desires and needs. I offer you an opportunity to heal your wounds in a deeply compassionate and trauma informed way, including healing from racial, systemic and historical trauma. I welcome and affirming of all identities, particularly QTBIPOC folx. Whether you feel stuck in your painful patterns or are looking to find more fulfilling ways to be in relationships, I can meet you where you are.
(206) 558-1070 View (206) 558-1070
Photo of Ben Bjorgaard, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Ben Bjorgaard
Counselor, PhDc, MA, LMHC, LMFTA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98115
By addressing troubling thoughts and feelings, self-sabotaging behaviors, and traumas, life can be made more manageable, productive, and fulfilling. Feelings such as grief, shame, anxiety, sadness, and anger often signal that something needs to change. Listening to and working with these feelings—some that consume us and others that gently nudge us—can move us forward. Through this, we sometimes discover that our everyday dilemmas are part of larger patterns waiting to be resolved as a whole.
By addressing troubling thoughts and feelings, self-sabotaging behaviors, and traumas, life can be made more manageable, productive, and fulfilling. Feelings such as grief, shame, anxiety, sadness, and anger often signal that something needs to change. Listening to and working with these feelings—some that consume us and others that gently nudge us—can move us forward. Through this, we sometimes discover that our everyday dilemmas are part of larger patterns waiting to be resolved as a whole.
(206) 752-6650 View (206) 752-6650
Photo of Kim Brotherton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Kim Brotherton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, BCD
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98103
I am a psychodynamically oriented clinical social worker working with individuals in Seattle's Wallingford neighborhood. My approach is collaborative and straightforward with the goal of helping clients expand self awareness, insight and understanding of patterns of reacting and relating that cause difficulty. Therapy fosters greater flexibility and freedom to respond in more satisfying and meaningful ways in life.
I am a psychodynamically oriented clinical social worker working with individuals in Seattle's Wallingford neighborhood. My approach is collaborative and straightforward with the goal of helping clients expand self awareness, insight and understanding of patterns of reacting and relating that cause difficulty. Therapy fosters greater flexibility and freedom to respond in more satisfying and meaningful ways in life.
(206) 353-4928 View (206) 353-4928
Photo of Sherry A Hanna, Pre-Licensed Professional in Seattle, WA
Sherry A Hanna
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98101  (Online Only)
I find that Motivational Interviewing has been a helpful approach for me to utilize with Solution Focused , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person Centered to meet the client where they are and focus on their strengths to help them to identify how they can formulate the change that they are seeking in their life. I look forward to identifying the changes for the client to realize that the effort they are putting in is worth the work and effort that they put forth. I am just here to help the client enhance the tools that they already possess.
I find that Motivational Interviewing has been a helpful approach for me to utilize with Solution Focused , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Person Centered to meet the client where they are and focus on their strengths to help them to identify how they can formulate the change that they are seeking in their life. I look forward to identifying the changes for the client to realize that the effort they are putting in is worth the work and effort that they put forth. I am just here to help the client enhance the tools that they already possess.
(509) 646-2949 View (509) 646-2949
Photo of Bryan Brown, Mental Health Counselor Associate in Seattle, WA
Bryan Brown
Mental Health Counselor Associate, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98107  (Online Only)
I work alongside individuals, couples, and groups who are seeking to address experiences of grief, depression, anxiety, relational conflict, racial trauma, LGBTQIA+ issues, spiritual abuse, PTSD, and COVID related issues. Together we will explore the ways that therapy can assist you towards achieving your personal goals for wellbeing. Healing and transformation is a lifestyle and we all require assistance in cultivating a life that will help us navigate unavoidable difficulties. Isolation works against these efforts which is why seeking therapy is truly one of the best things you can offer yourself.
I work alongside individuals, couples, and groups who are seeking to address experiences of grief, depression, anxiety, relational conflict, racial trauma, LGBTQIA+ issues, spiritual abuse, PTSD, and COVID related issues. Together we will explore the ways that therapy can assist you towards achieving your personal goals for wellbeing. Healing and transformation is a lifestyle and we all require assistance in cultivating a life that will help us navigate unavoidable difficulties. Isolation works against these efforts which is why seeking therapy is truly one of the best things you can offer yourself.
(206) 208-2356 View (206) 208-2356
Photo of Matthew Alder, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Matthew Alder
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98119
I believe that good therapy involves discovering and bolstering strengths, empowering change or acceptance, and integrating the true self throughout personal, interpersonal, and professional life. As a therapist, I work as a guide and facilitator to help clients find their own best solutions. Prior to becoming a Mental Health Counselor, I worked as a School Counselor in Washington State public school districts. I have also worked with youth and adults in the outdoors, where I grew a passion for helping others access their strength in the face of adversity.
I believe that good therapy involves discovering and bolstering strengths, empowering change or acceptance, and integrating the true self throughout personal, interpersonal, and professional life. As a therapist, I work as a guide and facilitator to help clients find their own best solutions. Prior to becoming a Mental Health Counselor, I worked as a School Counselor in Washington State public school districts. I have also worked with youth and adults in the outdoors, where I grew a passion for helping others access their strength in the face of adversity.
(206) 590-5211 x9129 View (206) 590-5211 x9129
Photo of Julia N. Bonnheim, Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Seattle, WA
Julia N. Bonnheim
Licensed Mental Health Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98105
Our lives are complicated. They’re full of complicated relationships, conflicts over what we want, struggles in how we see ourselves and others, and questions about satisfaction and meaning in life. In therapy, we have the opportunity to understand these painful dilemmas and better know our own minds. We can discover new ways of looking at our experiences, relationships, and internal world, and create a freer, more flexible, and more authentic life. I work with a wide variety of people and particularly enjoy working with those who are curious about themselves and interested in working collaboratively towards self-understanding.
Our lives are complicated. They’re full of complicated relationships, conflicts over what we want, struggles in how we see ourselves and others, and questions about satisfaction and meaning in life. In therapy, we have the opportunity to understand these painful dilemmas and better know our own minds. We can discover new ways of looking at our experiences, relationships, and internal world, and create a freer, more flexible, and more authentic life. I work with a wide variety of people and particularly enjoy working with those who are curious about themselves and interested in working collaboratively towards self-understanding.
(206) 202-9792 View (206) 202-9792
Photo of Ashley Berkey, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Ashley Berkey
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98103
Are you an adolescent or young adult struggling to navigate an ever-changing life and world? Are you in the midst of transition, whether that includes school, work, relationships, life role changes, identity, aging, spirituality, or something entirely different? Do you find yourself stressed, overwhelmed, and stuck in patterns and habits that are no longer meeting your needs? Are you questioning the core values and beliefs that you grew up with? If you connect with any of these challenges I would love to be able to support you in cultivating a life that you are proud of and excited to live.
Are you an adolescent or young adult struggling to navigate an ever-changing life and world? Are you in the midst of transition, whether that includes school, work, relationships, life role changes, identity, aging, spirituality, or something entirely different? Do you find yourself stressed, overwhelmed, and stuck in patterns and habits that are no longer meeting your needs? Are you questioning the core values and beliefs that you grew up with? If you connect with any of these challenges I would love to be able to support you in cultivating a life that you are proud of and excited to live.
(425) 584-6489 View (425) 584-6489
Photo of Aunastasia Zsidiewicz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Aunastasia Zsidiewicz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, MSW, CADC I, EMDR
Verified Verified
11 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98109  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing the lasting impacts of traumatic experiences, such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, shame, and negative beliefs about yourself? Have you heard of EMDR therapy and wondered how it may benefit you? Would you like to rediscover a sense of peace and empowerment as you journey towards healing from the aftermath of trauma? You are in the right place if you have said "yes" to any of these questions! I offer online therapy to clients in Washington and Oregon, and if you are ready to set down the heavy weight of past experiences, enjoy the present, and feel excited about the future - email me today!
Are you experiencing the lasting impacts of traumatic experiences, such as anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, shame, and negative beliefs about yourself? Have you heard of EMDR therapy and wondered how it may benefit you? Would you like to rediscover a sense of peace and empowerment as you journey towards healing from the aftermath of trauma? You are in the right place if you have said "yes" to any of these questions! I offer online therapy to clients in Washington and Oregon, and if you are ready to set down the heavy weight of past experiences, enjoy the present, and feel excited about the future - email me today!
(206) 785-2739 View (206) 785-2739
Photo of Ian Kavanaugh, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Ian Kavanaugh
Counselor, LMHC, CN
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98133
Not accepting new clients
I am a holistic Mental Health Counselor and a Certified Nutritionist providing traditional talk therapy and integrative dietary and lifestyle treatments. I enjoy working with all types of people and diverse problems and at the root of that work is the relationship we build together. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, collaborative environment where you can express yourself freely and work toward your goals. I have experience working with a variety of conditions like Mood Disorders, PTSD, life transitions, grief and loss and ADD/ADHD. I work using evidence based treatment methods such as CBT, and Solution Focused techniques.
I am a holistic Mental Health Counselor and a Certified Nutritionist providing traditional talk therapy and integrative dietary and lifestyle treatments. I enjoy working with all types of people and diverse problems and at the root of that work is the relationship we build together. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, collaborative environment where you can express yourself freely and work toward your goals. I have experience working with a variety of conditions like Mood Disorders, PTSD, life transitions, grief and loss and ADD/ADHD. I work using evidence based treatment methods such as CBT, and Solution Focused techniques.
(206) 743-9387 View (206) 743-9387
Photo of Ela Eland, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Ela Eland
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98121  (Online Only)
My style is warm, genuine and open. Together we will take the time to listen to your inner and outer experience in order to better understand and attend to your unspoken needs, injuries, fears, and uncertainties. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, trauma, depression, relationship issues, relationship breakup, career and workplace issues, life transitions, abandonment, co-dependency, and loss and grief.
My style is warm, genuine and open. Together we will take the time to listen to your inner and outer experience in order to better understand and attend to your unspoken needs, injuries, fears, and uncertainties. I work with individuals experiencing anxiety, trauma, depression, relationship issues, relationship breakup, career and workplace issues, life transitions, abandonment, co-dependency, and loss and grief.
(206) 429-6787 View (206) 429-6787
Photo of Andrew J Gwinn, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Andrew J Gwinn
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98109  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
As a licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LH61170692), I work with adult and adolescent clients 11+ to identify and create positive life changes. My approach to counseling is brief, strength-based, and solution-focused, my style, active, collaborative, and client-centered. Founded on the principles of positive psychology, my strength-based, solution-focused counseling model consists of three phases: (1) Clarification of the problem the client wants to resolve; (2) Identification of the solution to the client’s problem; and (3) implementation of solution-strategies to create positive changes.
As a licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LH61170692), I work with adult and adolescent clients 11+ to identify and create positive life changes. My approach to counseling is brief, strength-based, and solution-focused, my style, active, collaborative, and client-centered. Founded on the principles of positive psychology, my strength-based, solution-focused counseling model consists of three phases: (1) Clarification of the problem the client wants to resolve; (2) Identification of the solution to the client’s problem; and (3) implementation of solution-strategies to create positive changes.
(360) 842-0857 View (360) 842-0857
Photo of Barbara Reynolds, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Seattle, WA
Barbara Reynolds
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSWAIC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98108
Looking to better your relationships? I got you! Do you want to connect more with people, including yourself? Maybe you struggle with things like knowing when to say no, feeling good about yourself, or understanding what you're feeling. These are some things my clients explore in session. As your therapist, I'm interested in how you talk to yourself, how you see yourself, the places you spend time in, and your daily routine. We'll figure out how these things affect you mentally, physically, and spiritually. Then, you can learn what you need and work on giving yourself the support you deserve, making your relationships better.
Looking to better your relationships? I got you! Do you want to connect more with people, including yourself? Maybe you struggle with things like knowing when to say no, feeling good about yourself, or understanding what you're feeling. These are some things my clients explore in session. As your therapist, I'm interested in how you talk to yourself, how you see yourself, the places you spend time in, and your daily routine. We'll figure out how these things affect you mentally, physically, and spiritually. Then, you can learn what you need and work on giving yourself the support you deserve, making your relationships better.
(206) 659-9837 View (206) 659-9837
Photo of Beck Pazdral, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Beck Pazdral
Counselor, MA, DEd, LMHC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98118  (Online Only)
I work with people throughout the state of Washington via telehealth. I have experience with people ages 11 and older of all genders and from a range of lifestyles. I enjoy working with people going through life transitions, working through hurdles that have come up and building tools to work towards a better life and their goals for the future. I specialize in working with neurodiverse people, LGBTQ+, kink and poly populations, as well as people living with disabilities and chronic health conditions. I bring my feminist, sex-positive, healthy at every size philosophy to help empower others to work towards living their best life.
I work with people throughout the state of Washington via telehealth. I have experience with people ages 11 and older of all genders and from a range of lifestyles. I enjoy working with people going through life transitions, working through hurdles that have come up and building tools to work towards a better life and their goals for the future. I specialize in working with neurodiverse people, LGBTQ+, kink and poly populations, as well as people living with disabilities and chronic health conditions. I bring my feminist, sex-positive, healthy at every size philosophy to help empower others to work towards living their best life.
(206) 875-2636 View (206) 875-2636
Photo of Sean M Jackson, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Sean M Jackson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98109
I specialize in relationship counseling that includes couples therapy and family counseling services for those interested in making dynamic, lasting changes in their lives and relationships with others.
I specialize in relationship counseling that includes couples therapy and family counseling services for those interested in making dynamic, lasting changes in their lives and relationships with others.
(206) 801-0662 View (206) 801-0662
Photo of Dr. Sean Patrick Hatt, Psychologist in Seattle, WA
Dr. Sean Patrick Hatt
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98102
Our work will be informed by the leading edge of neuroscience, scientifically supported, positive psychological interventions, and the 2,500 year-old Buddhist practice of mindfulness--which has garnered volumes of recent scientific attention for its efficacy as a therapeutic tool. Lastly, I am trained and certified by the founder of CIMBS or Complex Integration of Multiple Brain Systems, Terry Sheldon, M.D. CIMBS is a groundbreaking integrative mind-body psychotherapy.
Our work will be informed by the leading edge of neuroscience, scientifically supported, positive psychological interventions, and the 2,500 year-old Buddhist practice of mindfulness--which has garnered volumes of recent scientific attention for its efficacy as a therapeutic tool. Lastly, I am trained and certified by the founder of CIMBS or Complex Integration of Multiple Brain Systems, Terry Sheldon, M.D. CIMBS is a groundbreaking integrative mind-body psychotherapy.
(206) 745-0623 View (206) 745-0623
Photo of Mysti Coccia-Eddy, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Mysti Coccia-Eddy
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98125  (Online Only)
My approach to counseling is positive, strengths-based and client-centered. Every person is capable of healing and growth, and sometimes we need some extra support to get there.
My approach to counseling is positive, strengths-based and client-centered. Every person is capable of healing and growth, and sometimes we need some extra support to get there.
(206) 673-5279 View (206) 673-5279
Photo of Niki Oliphant, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Niki Oliphant
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98115  (Online Only)
My aim in counseling is to create a judgment free space where clients can feel comfortable being their authentic selves in all of their identities. I believe it’s important to meet clients exactly where they are, allowing them to feel heard and supported throughout life's challenges. I work with a wide variety of mental health concerns including chronic illness, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders. I strive to create a safe space for emotional expression with clients as well as creating meaningful change in their lives.
My aim in counseling is to create a judgment free space where clients can feel comfortable being their authentic selves in all of their identities. I believe it’s important to meet clients exactly where they are, allowing them to feel heard and supported throughout life's challenges. I work with a wide variety of mental health concerns including chronic illness, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders. I strive to create a safe space for emotional expression with clients as well as creating meaningful change in their lives.
(509) 749-8796 View (509) 749-8796
Photo of Lauren Robinson, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Lauren Robinson
Counselor, MA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
14 Endorsed
Seattle, WA 98102  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, and as someone who has also been in the client seat, I consider it an honor to walk alongside you on your journey towards wholeness and healing. Our lives are woven with intricate relationships—with others and with ourselves—bringing both joy and pain. In our sessions together, we'll tenderly explore these past hurts, emotions, and perspectives, offering a space for transformation and growth.
As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor Associate, and as someone who has also been in the client seat, I consider it an honor to walk alongside you on your journey towards wholeness and healing. Our lives are woven with intricate relationships—with others and with ourselves—bringing both joy and pain. In our sessions together, we'll tenderly explore these past hurts, emotions, and perspectives, offering a space for transformation and growth.
(425) 272-6106 View (425) 272-6106
Photo of Ronay Pagan, Counselor in Seattle, WA
Ronay Pagan
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Seattle, WA 98119
I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and that the client steers the direction. Internal motivation and a willingness to ask yourself the difficult questions are essential to success. The beauty is that the power lies in your hands at all times. I am happy to help facilitate the process and smooth the path along your way. I have training in cognitive behavioral therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, dialectical behavior therapy (both the original and radically open subsets), holistic health, humanistic approaches, and existential approaches.
I believe that therapy is a collaborative process and that the client steers the direction. Internal motivation and a willingness to ask yourself the difficult questions are essential to success. The beauty is that the power lies in your hands at all times. I am happy to help facilitate the process and smooth the path along your way. I have training in cognitive behavioral therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, dialectical behavior therapy (both the original and radically open subsets), holistic health, humanistic approaches, and existential approaches.
(206) 339-3574 View (206) 339-3574

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Seattle, WA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Seattle, WA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
86% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress
69% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Premera
53% Aetna
47% Regence

How Therapists in Seattle, WA see their clients

51% Online Only
49% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

75% Female
21% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Seattle?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.