Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA

Photo of Kimberly Harris Kennedy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Kimberly Harris Kennedy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, MS, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
I believe having healthy and whole relationships is the key to well-being and happiness. As a therapist, I work with individuals, couples, and families in developing effective communication and in building meaningful connection. My approach is collaborative, practical, yet integrative, striving to help individuals utilize their strengths and understand their growing edges.
I believe having healthy and whole relationships is the key to well-being and happiness. As a therapist, I work with individuals, couples, and families in developing effective communication and in building meaningful connection. My approach is collaborative, practical, yet integrative, striving to help individuals utilize their strengths and understand their growing edges.
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Photo of Brandy Fallon, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Brandy Fallon
Resident in Counseling, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
I work mainly with highly motivated people who are open to change and guidance to improve their communication, establish healthy boundaries and self-care, and I help them heal and move on from painful experiences so they can work towards a future they value. If you are interested in learning new skills, are action-oriented, and are willing to question and experiment with your current beliefs about yourself, give me a call and we can discuss your individual needs!
I work mainly with highly motivated people who are open to change and guidance to improve their communication, establish healthy boundaries and self-care, and I help them heal and move on from painful experiences so they can work towards a future they value. If you are interested in learning new skills, are action-oriented, and are willing to question and experiment with your current beliefs about yourself, give me a call and we can discuss your individual needs!
(540) 274-1346 View (540) 274-1346
Photo of Brittney Coleman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Fredericksburg, VA
Brittney Coleman
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, QMHPA/C, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
I am a Resident in Counseling in the state of VA working towards licensure as a Licensed Professional Counselor under the supervision of MaryAnn Byrne, LPC, NCC. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and ASD. I strive to create a warm, non-judgmental, and flexible environment. I utilize a strengths-based approach and focus on empowering you to make positive changes in your life and your relationships. My goal is to work with each client through collaborative and solution-focused interventions.
I am a Resident in Counseling in the state of VA working towards licensure as a Licensed Professional Counselor under the supervision of MaryAnn Byrne, LPC, NCC. I have experience working with anxiety, depression, ADHD, and ASD. I strive to create a warm, non-judgmental, and flexible environment. I utilize a strengths-based approach and focus on empowering you to make positive changes in your life and your relationships. My goal is to work with each client through collaborative and solution-focused interventions.
(571) 462-6360 View (571) 462-6360
Photo of Eureka Solutions LLC (Now Taking New Clients) , Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Eureka Solutions LLC (Now Taking New Clients)
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSOTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
We all have challenges in varying forms, some we can fix, others we can manage, and yet others we need some help to either fix or manage. I want to come alongside you with a spirit of collaboration to support you in fixing or managing whatever you are dealing with. I will create a safe space, a listening ear, and therapeutic feedback using evidence-based practices. I am going to be honest with you, that I am not here to fix you, but to support you in fixing or managing what you are challenged with. My style is laid back and meeting you where you are but expect to do work. I am genuine, open, compassionate, upbeat, and direct.
We all have challenges in varying forms, some we can fix, others we can manage, and yet others we need some help to either fix or manage. I want to come alongside you with a spirit of collaboration to support you in fixing or managing whatever you are dealing with. I will create a safe space, a listening ear, and therapeutic feedback using evidence-based practices. I am going to be honest with you, that I am not here to fix you, but to support you in fixing or managing what you are challenged with. My style is laid back and meeting you where you are but expect to do work. I am genuine, open, compassionate, upbeat, and direct.
(540) 401-5765 View (540) 401-5765
Photo of Flourishing Hearts Counseling & Hypnotherapy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Flourishing Hearts Counseling & Hypnotherapy
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22407  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Stuck? Sad? Worried? Stressed? Do you find yourself dealing with situations, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that you believe you have no control over or find to be completely overwhelming? Are you having trouble putting your past experiences behind you? Are you fearful of the future and of moving forward? Or maybe you want to try new things, but fear gets in the way of taking that first step? Perhaps you're stressed and trying to find balance? It’s okay; as women, we have all been there. We get it. But, you don’t have to deal with this alone. A skilled, trusted, & compassionate therapist can help you navigate these life issues.
Stuck? Sad? Worried? Stressed? Do you find yourself dealing with situations, thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that you believe you have no control over or find to be completely overwhelming? Are you having trouble putting your past experiences behind you? Are you fearful of the future and of moving forward? Or maybe you want to try new things, but fear gets in the way of taking that first step? Perhaps you're stressed and trying to find balance? It’s okay; as women, we have all been there. We get it. But, you don’t have to deal with this alone. A skilled, trusted, & compassionate therapist can help you navigate these life issues.
(540) 516-3448 View (540) 516-3448
Photo of Leah Brown, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Leah Brown
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LSCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
Need help yesterday? I assist motivated clients to make significant therapy progress through intensive therapy appointments and personal retreat packages. The one session every week or two model is not the best for everyone. Intensive sessions create sustained focus on specific objectives, ensuring more efficient results. If your schedule makes weekly appointments difficult or you need to get significant relief from your trauma triggers quickly, keep reading to see if I may be a good fit for you.
Need help yesterday? I assist motivated clients to make significant therapy progress through intensive therapy appointments and personal retreat packages. The one session every week or two model is not the best for everyone. Intensive sessions create sustained focus on specific objectives, ensuring more efficient results. If your schedule makes weekly appointments difficult or you need to get significant relief from your trauma triggers quickly, keep reading to see if I may be a good fit for you.
(540) 551-7891 View (540) 551-7891
Photo of Maria A. Smith, Resident in Counseling in Fredericksburg, VA
Maria A. Smith
Resident in Counseling, LRIC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22406
We come to therapy hoping to find solutions to our problems, and the whole process can be overwhelming. We want to ensure therapy will be the best investment of our time, money, and effort. I will partner with you in reaching specific goals that will help you lead a rich and meaningful life. Click the "Email" button now to schedule and appointment.
We come to therapy hoping to find solutions to our problems, and the whole process can be overwhelming. We want to ensure therapy will be the best investment of our time, money, and effort. I will partner with you in reaching specific goals that will help you lead a rich and meaningful life. Click the "Email" button now to schedule and appointment.
(540) 584-1560 View (540) 584-1560
Photo of Mary Wazeter Mannhardt, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Mary Wazeter Mannhardt
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
I believe the problems that direct clients into counseling are emotional, physical, and spiritual. Therefore, the whole person must be addressed and treated as a unique and complex individual. As a Christian therapist, I help clients get to the root causes of their distress and assist them to find answers by using solution focused therapy. While some long-term therapy is a necessity I take pride in helping people set goals and objectives to find answers to their issues and struggles. Discover your hidden strengths and find an inner peace that brings stability amidst your storm.
I believe the problems that direct clients into counseling are emotional, physical, and spiritual. Therefore, the whole person must be addressed and treated as a unique and complex individual. As a Christian therapist, I help clients get to the root causes of their distress and assist them to find answers by using solution focused therapy. While some long-term therapy is a necessity I take pride in helping people set goals and objectives to find answers to their issues and struggles. Discover your hidden strengths and find an inner peace that brings stability amidst your storm.
(540) 726-5603 x2 View (540) 726-5603 x2
Photo of Tiffany L Daniels, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Tiffany L Daniels
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
Life is a journey that we all go through, and it presents us with many obstacles to navigate. Sometimes these obstacles can present us with challenges that can lead us to feel depressed, overwhelmed, stressed, withdrawn, or even isolated. When we learn to create balance in our life, we begin to feel a sense of joy and happiness for the person we are meant to be. I would like to partner with you as you explore life’s challenges and concerns and help you in identifying feelings and thought patterns and assist you in developing effective coping and self-care strategies that will strengthen your everyday life.
Life is a journey that we all go through, and it presents us with many obstacles to navigate. Sometimes these obstacles can present us with challenges that can lead us to feel depressed, overwhelmed, stressed, withdrawn, or even isolated. When we learn to create balance in our life, we begin to feel a sense of joy and happiness for the person we are meant to be. I would like to partner with you as you explore life’s challenges and concerns and help you in identifying feelings and thought patterns and assist you in developing effective coping and self-care strategies that will strengthen your everyday life.
(540) 202-1777 View (540) 202-1777
Photo of Jasmine Payne, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Jasmine Payne
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Waitlist for new clients
Identifying that you need help is a sign of strength, but what happens next? Finding a counselor that you feel a connection with is an essential part of your mental health journey. Don’t feel bad about being picky! I have a straightforward but gentle style that focuses on what you want to accomplish. Whether you are working through relationship difficulties, high stress, or anxiety/depression/self-esteem issues I am prepared to work by your side. I use evidence-based techniques that compliment your unique needs.
Identifying that you need help is a sign of strength, but what happens next? Finding a counselor that you feel a connection with is an essential part of your mental health journey. Don’t feel bad about being picky! I have a straightforward but gentle style that focuses on what you want to accomplish. Whether you are working through relationship difficulties, high stress, or anxiety/depression/self-esteem issues I am prepared to work by your side. I use evidence-based techniques that compliment your unique needs.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Charlotte Williams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Charlotte Williams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Charlotte Williams is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 7 years of professional experience. Also, she has years of life experiences that have helped her to become the person that she is. Some of her life experiences include working in childcare, a psychiatric hospital, and community mental health. She loves working with diverse individuals' diverse problems and learning new things. Progress is not made in a straight line. There are bumps and curves in the road. It is how we cope with the bumps and curves in the road that cause us problems.
Charlotte Williams is a Licensed Professional Counselor with 7 years of professional experience. Also, she has years of life experiences that have helped her to become the person that she is. Some of her life experiences include working in childcare, a psychiatric hospital, and community mental health. She loves working with diverse individuals' diverse problems and learning new things. Progress is not made in a straight line. There are bumps and curves in the road. It is how we cope with the bumps and curves in the road that cause us problems.
(540) 870-0195 View (540) 870-0195
Photo of Moira McConnell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Moira McConnell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Not accepting new clients
I am grateful for the opportunity to accompany individuals on their journey and hold a space of support, safety, and healing. I believe that therapy, like life, is about pushing yourself outside your comfort zone and embracing growth. I value the power of connection with others, the willingness to be vulnerable, and exploration into our thoughts and feelings to become aware of our authentic selves. I enjoy working with individuals who are motivated, open-minded, and willing to try new experiences to support them on this path.
I am grateful for the opportunity to accompany individuals on their journey and hold a space of support, safety, and healing. I believe that therapy, like life, is about pushing yourself outside your comfort zone and embracing growth. I value the power of connection with others, the willingness to be vulnerable, and exploration into our thoughts and feelings to become aware of our authentic selves. I enjoy working with individuals who are motivated, open-minded, and willing to try new experiences to support them on this path.
(434) 204-2607 View (434) 204-2607
Photo of Intuitive Counseling & Hypnotherapy Svcs, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Intuitive Counseling & Hypnotherapy Svcs, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC-S, NCC, NBCCH
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Waitlist for new clients
I help heal trauma. Deeply-rooted trauma. Trauma that might have changed you in your core, or perhaps trauma that affects your performance as an artist or athlete. You might have had experiences with talk-therapy and still feel "stuck" and unable to move past from those life-changing. With Brainspotting or Hypnotherapy, I can help "purge" through a lot of these issues from the inside-out. I am a Marine Corps veteran and I am humbled that you took the time to read my profile, so let's see how I can be helpful.
I help heal trauma. Deeply-rooted trauma. Trauma that might have changed you in your core, or perhaps trauma that affects your performance as an artist or athlete. You might have had experiences with talk-therapy and still feel "stuck" and unable to move past from those life-changing. With Brainspotting or Hypnotherapy, I can help "purge" through a lot of these issues from the inside-out. I am a Marine Corps veteran and I am humbled that you took the time to read my profile, so let's see how I can be helpful.
(540) 235-5599 View (540) 235-5599
Photo of Sarah Knoll, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Sarah Knoll
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22405  (Online Only)
Sarah Knoll Counseling provides virtual mental health therapy focusing on individuals and couples navigating pregnancy, parenting, and life after children. Other focuses include life transitions, relationship issues, depression, anxiety.
Sarah Knoll Counseling provides virtual mental health therapy focusing on individuals and couples navigating pregnancy, parenting, and life after children. Other focuses include life transitions, relationship issues, depression, anxiety.
(540) 917-5156 View (540) 917-5156
Photo of Mike Hawkins, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Mike Hawkins
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, CSAC, NCACII, SAP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
I have been involved with the recovery community for over 25 years. I have 20 years of experience working with families dealing with addiction and behavioral issues, helping parents develop strategies and tools to help their children.
I have been involved with the recovery community for over 25 years. I have 20 years of experience working with families dealing with addiction and behavioral issues, helping parents develop strategies and tools to help their children.
(540) 266-1378 View (540) 266-1378
Photo of Patricia Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Patricia Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401  (Online Only)
Patricia Clark is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Virginia and a Certified Family Trauma Professional ( LPC, CFTP). She has over 6 years of experience working to help adult clients who are faced with trauma, PTSD, women's issues, low self-esteem, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD, family conflict or disputes, and more. Patricia earned her Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Cappella University and is trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR).
Patricia Clark is a Licensed Professional Counselor in the State of Virginia and a Certified Family Trauma Professional ( LPC, CFTP). She has over 6 years of experience working to help adult clients who are faced with trauma, PTSD, women's issues, low self-esteem, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, anger, ADHD, family conflict or disputes, and more. Patricia earned her Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Cappella University and is trained in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR).
(540) 503-4412 View (540) 503-4412
Photo of Brian Suchocki, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Brian Suchocki
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
We're here to help you reach your therapy goals at Lifebulb! We’ll connect you with the best possible therapist for your unique goals, someone who genuinely cares about helping you. We’re all about making therapy enjoyable for both therapists and clients. Whether you prefer in-person sessions at our locations or online through telehealth, we've got you covered. Our team consists of highly trained and licensed clinicians who are passionate about the therapy process. Let's work together to achieve your goals!
We're here to help you reach your therapy goals at Lifebulb! We’ll connect you with the best possible therapist for your unique goals, someone who genuinely cares about helping you. We’re all about making therapy enjoyable for both therapists and clients. Whether you prefer in-person sessions at our locations or online through telehealth, we've got you covered. Our team consists of highly trained and licensed clinicians who are passionate about the therapy process. Let's work together to achieve your goals!
(540) 401-5439 View (540) 401-5439
Photo of Yvonne-da Copeland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Yvonne-da Copeland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22407
Hello! I have been a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist for 15 years. I specialize in working with issues like anger management, anxiety, depression, coping skills, and stress. I’ve worked with the general population, as well as specific groups such as veterans and those with severe mental illnesses. I use evidence-based techniques and incorporate Christian Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative, Motivational Interviewing, Psychodynamic, and more. Whether you’re grappling with the consequences of the pandemic, ever-present psychosocial stressors, or unresolved issues of the past, therapy can help.
Hello! I have been a licensed clinical social worker and psychotherapist for 15 years. I specialize in working with issues like anger management, anxiety, depression, coping skills, and stress. I’ve worked with the general population, as well as specific groups such as veterans and those with severe mental illnesses. I use evidence-based techniques and incorporate Christian Counseling, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Narrative, Motivational Interviewing, Psychodynamic, and more. Whether you’re grappling with the consequences of the pandemic, ever-present psychosocial stressors, or unresolved issues of the past, therapy can help.
(571) 497-5661 View (571) 497-5661
Photo of Fredericksburg Area Counseling, LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fredericksburg, VA
Fredericksburg Area Counseling, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
It takes a lot of courage to take that first step to ask for help when emotions and stress have begun to feel unmanageable. Many clients contemplate counseling for awhile before scheduling that first session. Often a significant other, family members, friends or an employer have suggested counseling but myths and stereotypes about therapy get in the way of taking that first step. If you're looking to restore hope and balance in your life maybe you're ready to take that first step. Call today for an appointment.
It takes a lot of courage to take that first step to ask for help when emotions and stress have begun to feel unmanageable. Many clients contemplate counseling for awhile before scheduling that first session. Often a significant other, family members, friends or an employer have suggested counseling but myths and stereotypes about therapy get in the way of taking that first step. If you're looking to restore hope and balance in your life maybe you're ready to take that first step. Call today for an appointment.
(540) 307-4114 View (540) 307-4114
Photo of Aleksandra Startek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fredericksburg, VA
Aleksandra Startek
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSEd, NCC, CCTP-II, LSC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Everyone has a story, they just need a safe place to share it. I am honored for you to consider me to assist you in navigating this journey. I believe that asking for help is a sign of strength and that successful therapy begins with finding the right therapist for yourself. I am here to accompany you on this path. I provide an empathic, non-judgmental, and client-centered environment where you can explore your unique feelings and experiences, set achievable goals, and process difficulties. In our sessions, we will go beyond just the "talk therapy” and will include your emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual well-being.
Everyone has a story, they just need a safe place to share it. I am honored for you to consider me to assist you in navigating this journey. I believe that asking for help is a sign of strength and that successful therapy begins with finding the right therapist for yourself. I am here to accompany you on this path. I provide an empathic, non-judgmental, and client-centered environment where you can explore your unique feelings and experiences, set achievable goals, and process difficulties. In our sessions, we will go beyond just the "talk therapy” and will include your emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual well-being.
(540) 210-1358 View (540) 210-1358

See more therapy options for Fredericksburg

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA

200+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Self Esteem
74% Stress
73% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

82% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% Anthem | Elevance
73% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fredericksburg, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
13% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fredericksburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.