Therapists in San Francisco, CA

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Photo of Peter Geiger, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Peter Geiger
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94146  (Online Only)
You're feeling generally dissatisfied, like you drew the short straw. You make it look not too bad on the outside, yet feel unfulfilled in relationships with lover, family, friends, coworkers. You have concerns about overdoing something (drinking, working, internet), or a generalized anxiety, perfectionism, or people-pleasing. I am a highly interactive therapist. I know when to bring in humor--and when to go to the dark places with you. Together we will look at how you got here. Through identifying your beliefs, attitudes and needs around relationships and intimacy, we will find the key to unlocking your wellbeing.
You're feeling generally dissatisfied, like you drew the short straw. You make it look not too bad on the outside, yet feel unfulfilled in relationships with lover, family, friends, coworkers. You have concerns about overdoing something (drinking, working, internet), or a generalized anxiety, perfectionism, or people-pleasing. I am a highly interactive therapist. I know when to bring in humor--and when to go to the dark places with you. Together we will look at how you got here. Through identifying your beliefs, attitudes and needs around relationships and intimacy, we will find the key to unlocking your wellbeing.
(415) 786-6680 View (415) 786-6680
Photo of Cynthia Cohn, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Cynthia Cohn
Psychologist, MFA, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94104
For 16 years, I have worked successfully w/individuals and couples who want to feel better/create change in their lives. Whether relationship difficulty; anxiety or depression; work stress; life transition; trauma, loss, insecurity; you seek direction, deeper connection, a more creative/fulfilling life, or just feel lost or stuck - I tailor the treatment to your unique needs. Good therapy can transform - lead to feeling more alive, true to yourself, capable. We'll work together to alleviate your suffering, challenge old patterns of thinking/relating/behavior behind your distress, find new perspective, achieve your goals.
For 16 years, I have worked successfully w/individuals and couples who want to feel better/create change in their lives. Whether relationship difficulty; anxiety or depression; work stress; life transition; trauma, loss, insecurity; you seek direction, deeper connection, a more creative/fulfilling life, or just feel lost or stuck - I tailor the treatment to your unique needs. Good therapy can transform - lead to feeling more alive, true to yourself, capable. We'll work together to alleviate your suffering, challenge old patterns of thinking/relating/behavior behind your distress, find new perspective, achieve your goals.
(415) 820-1688 View (415) 820-1688
Photo of Graham Gallivan, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Graham Gallivan
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94102
Thank you for stopping by my profile! I'm a queer-identified therapist practicing in the Hayes Valley neighborhood of San Francisco. In my practice, I bring a comprehensive, holistic approach to healing, integrating all domains of life - from relationship, to spirituality, to work, and beyond - and draw on my own experience of healing in these areas to support your well-being. I have a strong belief in the positive power of change and am passionate about helping you find your strengths and achieve true healing.
Thank you for stopping by my profile! I'm a queer-identified therapist practicing in the Hayes Valley neighborhood of San Francisco. In my practice, I bring a comprehensive, holistic approach to healing, integrating all domains of life - from relationship, to spirituality, to work, and beyond - and draw on my own experience of healing in these areas to support your well-being. I have a strong belief in the positive power of change and am passionate about helping you find your strengths and achieve true healing.
(415) 480-7106 View (415) 480-7106
Photo of Samantha Mero, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Samantha Mero
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EMDR, PMH-C
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
I work with people-pleasing millennials who want to heal from past emotional wounds and stop self-sabotaging. Do you struggle with anxiety, body image and patterns of self-judgment? Always putting others needs before your own? The traumas and abuse you experience throughout your lifespan- big or small, can warp the way you see yourself, making you question everything, overthink, and cause you to stand in your own way. If this feels relatable, you are not alone. I will work with you to break through these barriers, heal, and create a life that aligns with your values.
I work with people-pleasing millennials who want to heal from past emotional wounds and stop self-sabotaging. Do you struggle with anxiety, body image and patterns of self-judgment? Always putting others needs before your own? The traumas and abuse you experience throughout your lifespan- big or small, can warp the way you see yourself, making you question everything, overthink, and cause you to stand in your own way. If this feels relatable, you are not alone. I will work with you to break through these barriers, heal, and create a life that aligns with your values.
(916) 502-9948 View (916) 502-9948
Photo of Lauren Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Lauren Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94123
I work with clients who want to change, are interested in getting to know themselves better, and have the courage to engage in that exploration alongside a trusted professional. Your motivation for seeking therapy may be feeling depressed, stuck, anxious, or confused and longing for explanations or just some relief from cycles of distress. Maybe you are aware of the impact your past experiences are having on your current situation or you’re starting to make those connections. Wherever you are in the process, I will guide you in deepening your understanding and empower you to change.
I work with clients who want to change, are interested in getting to know themselves better, and have the courage to engage in that exploration alongside a trusted professional. Your motivation for seeking therapy may be feeling depressed, stuck, anxious, or confused and longing for explanations or just some relief from cycles of distress. Maybe you are aware of the impact your past experiences are having on your current situation or you’re starting to make those connections. Wherever you are in the process, I will guide you in deepening your understanding and empower you to change.
(415) 301-7518 View (415) 301-7518
Photo of Charles Brinamen, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Charles Brinamen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94103
My work is relationally based. I believe that development throughout our lives is formed through our relationships. The therapeutic relationship we share will be an important factor in understanding, improving, establishing, and responding to those relationships. Even when things are particularly tough or uncomfortable, creating and tolerating change can be daunting. It’s easy for individuals and families to get stuck in old patterns that no longer meet their needs. We’ll look at those patterns: how they developed, how they affect you, and how to take steps toward freeing you and your family.
My work is relationally based. I believe that development throughout our lives is formed through our relationships. The therapeutic relationship we share will be an important factor in understanding, improving, establishing, and responding to those relationships. Even when things are particularly tough or uncomfortable, creating and tolerating change can be daunting. It’s easy for individuals and families to get stuck in old patterns that no longer meet their needs. We’ll look at those patterns: how they developed, how they affect you, and how to take steps toward freeing you and your family.
(415) 237-4412 View (415) 237-4412
Thomas D. Stern PhD
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
I have been practicing psychotherapy since 1977. I treat mood disorders, anxiety disorders, relationship and recovery issues.
I have been practicing psychotherapy since 1977. I treat mood disorders, anxiety disorders, relationship and recovery issues.
(415) 649-3203 View (415) 649-3203
Photo of Laura H Fraser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Laura H Fraser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
There are so many reasons why people seek out psychotherapy. Maybe you are feeling trapped in a cycle of destructive patterns that are causing great suffering to you or the people around you. These struggles might be a result of: a painful relationship with your body and food, an eating disorder, a history of abuse, trauma or alcoholism in your childhood home or difficulites parenting your child or teenager. You may be seeking help for your child who is having trouble with relationships, school, drugs and alcohol, adhering to family rules or is not feeling strong about who they are as an individual.
There are so many reasons why people seek out psychotherapy. Maybe you are feeling trapped in a cycle of destructive patterns that are causing great suffering to you or the people around you. These struggles might be a result of: a painful relationship with your body and food, an eating disorder, a history of abuse, trauma or alcoholism in your childhood home or difficulites parenting your child or teenager. You may be seeking help for your child who is having trouble with relationships, school, drugs and alcohol, adhering to family rules or is not feeling strong about who they are as an individual.
(415) 969-5494 View (415) 969-5494
Photo of Joanna Lay, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Francisco, CA
Joanna Lay
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94123
It’s girl dinner again tonight. Glass of AIX in hand, you can finally start to feel your shoulders relax. Luke’s makes it so easy: Humboldt fog + rustic bakery crackers + Castelvetrano olives. You deserve it after all: first comforting your boss who was triggered after annual review and then your sister when she called you sobbing because her ex just reactivated his tinder profile–you know exactly how to support everyone else. So, it doesn’t make sense that you were on the verge of a panic attack (again) today, but look at how well you’re handling it.
It’s girl dinner again tonight. Glass of AIX in hand, you can finally start to feel your shoulders relax. Luke’s makes it so easy: Humboldt fog + rustic bakery crackers + Castelvetrano olives. You deserve it after all: first comforting your boss who was triggered after annual review and then your sister when she called you sobbing because her ex just reactivated his tinder profile–you know exactly how to support everyone else. So, it doesn’t make sense that you were on the verge of a panic attack (again) today, but look at how well you’re handling it.
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Photo of Carol Winetsky, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Carol Winetsky
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94118
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over thirty years of experience. I have helped people navigate a variety of different life transitions such as divorce and separation, job loss, leaving home, starting a family or new career or both, as well as end-of-life issues. I have helped children deal with school and peer issues as well as parental loss and separation. My therapy style is interactive and psychodynamic and may entail short or long-term therapy, individual psychotherapy or couples work.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with over thirty years of experience. I have helped people navigate a variety of different life transitions such as divorce and separation, job loss, leaving home, starting a family or new career or both, as well as end-of-life issues. I have helped children deal with school and peer issues as well as parental loss and separation. My therapy style is interactive and psychodynamic and may entail short or long-term therapy, individual psychotherapy or couples work.
(415) 236-2948 View (415) 236-2948
Photo of Susan Mak, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Susan Mak
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94127
I offer Sunday hours for busy individuals. It's natural to feel anxious about entering therapy because it involves sharing difficult aspects of your life. The process may be easier if you feel connected with your therapist. My approach is gentle, warm, and supportive so you can express yourself without fear of judgment or shame. My goals are to help you improve your coping skills, gain insight and clarity, identify your strengths, face challenges, and find some inner peace.
I offer Sunday hours for busy individuals. It's natural to feel anxious about entering therapy because it involves sharing difficult aspects of your life. The process may be easier if you feel connected with your therapist. My approach is gentle, warm, and supportive so you can express yourself without fear of judgment or shame. My goals are to help you improve your coping skills, gain insight and clarity, identify your strengths, face challenges, and find some inner peace.
(415) 528-5269 View (415) 528-5269
Photo of Monique Martin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Monique Martin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94115
My name is Monique Martin. I have years of experience working with youth and families. I am compassionate, intuitive and authentic in my therapeutic approach. I use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution focused therapy, client-centered therapy, mindfulness and motivational interviewing. I specialize in treating individuals struggling with depression, family conflict, relationship issues, history of trauma, anxiety, and life traditions.
My name is Monique Martin. I have years of experience working with youth and families. I am compassionate, intuitive and authentic in my therapeutic approach. I use cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), solution focused therapy, client-centered therapy, mindfulness and motivational interviewing. I specialize in treating individuals struggling with depression, family conflict, relationship issues, history of trauma, anxiety, and life traditions.
(415) 991-4913 View (415) 991-4913
Photo of Sara Fischer Sanford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sara Fischer Sanford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94110  (Online Only)
You don't have to do this alone. Deciding to start therapy takes courage and strength. Sometimes our minds can be so overwhelmed that it's hard to see a path forward. You may feel like you are going from one crisis to the next. So many of us don't even quite know what a better life looks like at the moment. I can help you figure out where to start and how to use therapy as a tool to improve your quality of life. Through telehealth, we can jump into therapy quickly, and you never need to leave the comfort of your couch. Let any anxiety or doubt about starting therapy go and allow yourself the time and space to feel better.
You don't have to do this alone. Deciding to start therapy takes courage and strength. Sometimes our minds can be so overwhelmed that it's hard to see a path forward. You may feel like you are going from one crisis to the next. So many of us don't even quite know what a better life looks like at the moment. I can help you figure out where to start and how to use therapy as a tool to improve your quality of life. Through telehealth, we can jump into therapy quickly, and you never need to leave the comfort of your couch. Let any anxiety or doubt about starting therapy go and allow yourself the time and space to feel better.
(415) 949-3073 View (415) 949-3073
Photo of Adam Kaufman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Adam Kaufman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94104  (Online Only)
I help Millennial and Gen X professionals consciously get what they want in life and relationships. Life is overwhelming. Between work, relationships, and technology calling for your attention at every moment, it’s extremely difficult to remain calm and grounded. We can lose our sense of purpose and passion.
I help Millennial and Gen X professionals consciously get what they want in life and relationships. Life is overwhelming. Between work, relationships, and technology calling for your attention at every moment, it’s extremely difficult to remain calm and grounded. We can lose our sense of purpose and passion.
(347) 673-0193 View (347) 673-0193
Photo of Kristy Davis, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Kristy Davis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
I believe as individuals, we are constantly evolving and naturally with these changes, they can bring up feelings of uncertainty, resurfacing of past hurts and challenges in adapting- especially when the world and others tend to be changing at different speeds than we are. In these times of struggle it can be difficult asking for help from others so you should feel proud of yourself for taking this first step by looking for that support! My decision to become a therapist derived from my own journey with life's transitions along with my desire to continue to further meet my innate passion for helping others in their times of need.
I believe as individuals, we are constantly evolving and naturally with these changes, they can bring up feelings of uncertainty, resurfacing of past hurts and challenges in adapting- especially when the world and others tend to be changing at different speeds than we are. In these times of struggle it can be difficult asking for help from others so you should feel proud of yourself for taking this first step by looking for that support! My decision to become a therapist derived from my own journey with life's transitions along with my desire to continue to further meet my innate passion for helping others in their times of need.
(341) 895-5681 View (341) 895-5681
Photo of Janelle De Veyra, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Janelle De Veyra
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94114
Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, and trauma? Do you experience difficulties managing family and relationship issues? I believe that healing happens when we pay attention to all the parts that make us whole—our mind, body, and soul. The subconscious mind controls most of our reality and choices, so building awareness and active presence can improve the quality of daily living and assist in not only surviving but thriving through life. As an intuitive & holistic therapist, I will assist you in strengthening your inner psyche and developing new tools to manage negative feelings and thoughts.
Do you struggle with depression, anxiety, and trauma? Do you experience difficulties managing family and relationship issues? I believe that healing happens when we pay attention to all the parts that make us whole—our mind, body, and soul. The subconscious mind controls most of our reality and choices, so building awareness and active presence can improve the quality of daily living and assist in not only surviving but thriving through life. As an intuitive & holistic therapist, I will assist you in strengthening your inner psyche and developing new tools to manage negative feelings and thoughts.
(415) 877-4918 View (415) 877-4918
Photo of Carrie K Evenden, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Carrie K Evenden
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94118  (Online Only)
The decision to start psychotherapy is significant as it often means that you are suffering in some way or you've realized that what you have been doing is no longer working, and you are seeking change in your life. As your therapist, I will help you find meaning in the connections of your story and the patterns of your relationships, as well as discover and challenge your conflicts, assumptions and limitations. Through this exploration, you will be able to know yourself more deeply and live with more freedom, possibility, joy and self-understanding. My approach is collaborative, warm, and authentic.
The decision to start psychotherapy is significant as it often means that you are suffering in some way or you've realized that what you have been doing is no longer working, and you are seeking change in your life. As your therapist, I will help you find meaning in the connections of your story and the patterns of your relationships, as well as discover and challenge your conflicts, assumptions and limitations. Through this exploration, you will be able to know yourself more deeply and live with more freedom, possibility, joy and self-understanding. My approach is collaborative, warm, and authentic.
(415) 980-8621 View (415) 980-8621
Photo of Sandrah Susan Henry, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Francisco, CA
Sandrah Susan Henry
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Francisco, CA 94114
I have over 40 years of experience helping people face challenges in their lives including loss, adoption related issues, addiction, relationships/couples, life threatening illness, chronic pain, anxiety, mood and bipolar disorder, PTSD, complex trauma, divorce, and other life transitions. I am a warm and caring therapist who is also able to be direct when needed. From the moment you enter my office I do all I can to provide a safe and comfortable environment for us to work collaboratively with whatever issues you are facing in your life today. You will always be treated with respect and compassion throughout our work together.
I have over 40 years of experience helping people face challenges in their lives including loss, adoption related issues, addiction, relationships/couples, life threatening illness, chronic pain, anxiety, mood and bipolar disorder, PTSD, complex trauma, divorce, and other life transitions. I am a warm and caring therapist who is also able to be direct when needed. From the moment you enter my office I do all I can to provide a safe and comfortable environment for us to work collaboratively with whatever issues you are facing in your life today. You will always be treated with respect and compassion throughout our work together.
(415) 687-0429 View (415) 687-0429
Photo of Kirsten Maier, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Kirsten Maier
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94131
I offer professional and experienced support to make enduring changes. If you are looking at this, you may be having a time of suffering or you may be looking for ways to thrive in your life. Psychotherapy is based on solid research and the world’s wisdom traditions, and is an experience between us that is unique to you. I believe it is the most important journey you can take to move towards healing and living a rich, meaningful life.
I offer professional and experienced support to make enduring changes. If you are looking at this, you may be having a time of suffering or you may be looking for ways to thrive in your life. Psychotherapy is based on solid research and the world’s wisdom traditions, and is an experience between us that is unique to you. I believe it is the most important journey you can take to move towards healing and living a rich, meaningful life.
(510) 592-6835 View (510) 592-6835
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location, Psychologist in San Francisco, CA
Silver Lake Psychology--San Francisco location
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Francisco, CA 94109  (Online Only)
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends and flexibility for creative professionals who can't make the same time each week.
(415) 942-0331 View (415) 942-0331

See more therapy options for San Francisco

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Francisco, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$189

Therapists in San Francisco, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
55% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
54% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in San Francisco, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Francisco?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.