Therapists in Asheville, NC

Photo of Melissa Bridges, Marriage & Family Therapist in Asheville, NC
Melissa Bridges
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28804  (Online Only)
Stability can often be disrupted in life when you and your family are going through a major transition. This instability can bring about all kids of symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and relationship challenges. Regardless of the challenges you are currently facing, getting input from a professional outside perspective can hep you make sense of things, creating a clearer path back to stability. If you are looking for help right now, it means you have already begun to take proactive steps towards more peace in your life.
Stability can often be disrupted in life when you and your family are going through a major transition. This instability can bring about all kids of symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and relationship challenges. Regardless of the challenges you are currently facing, getting input from a professional outside perspective can hep you make sense of things, creating a clearer path back to stability. If you are looking for help right now, it means you have already begun to take proactive steps towards more peace in your life.
(828) 761-3733 View (828) 761-3733
Photo of Melissa Margolin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Melissa Margolin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28803
Navigating the ebbs and flows of life can be tricky. Perhaps you're going through a big life transition and need support getting to the other side. Or maybe you want to be more authentic, energized, stable, secure, less stressed, anxious or depressed.
Navigating the ebbs and flows of life can be tricky. Perhaps you're going through a big life transition and need support getting to the other side. Or maybe you want to be more authentic, energized, stable, secure, less stressed, anxious or depressed.
(828) 268-3127 View (828) 268-3127
Photo of Briggs Wallis, Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate in Asheville, NC
Briggs Wallis
Licensed Professional Counselor Candidate, MA, LCMHCA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28803  (Online Only)
Do you feel like your weight is a symptom of stuck emotions and old-coping patterns? Do you feel trapped in negative emotions and patterns within your life, relationships, and self? Are you searching for clarity, purpose, and alignment in your life? Come as you are. I will meet you there.
Do you feel like your weight is a symptom of stuck emotions and old-coping patterns? Do you feel trapped in negative emotions and patterns within your life, relationships, and self? Are you searching for clarity, purpose, and alignment in your life? Come as you are. I will meet you there.
(828) 373-2743 View (828) 373-2743
Photo of Maggie Wiener, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Maggie Wiener
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28801
My diverse clinical experience has led me to embrace working with kids through adults; as well as families and couples. My clients are seeking therapy to navigate difficult life transitions, create repair after impactful life experiences, navigate complex relationships, regain their ability to experience a full range of emotion and have accountability without shame. Often, they are aware and understand what should be helpful to them, but struggle to turn that knowledge into change. We will work together to explore your relationship with yourself, how it developed and how it is impacting your ability to live a fulfilled life.
My diverse clinical experience has led me to embrace working with kids through adults; as well as families and couples. My clients are seeking therapy to navigate difficult life transitions, create repair after impactful life experiences, navigate complex relationships, regain their ability to experience a full range of emotion and have accountability without shame. Often, they are aware and understand what should be helpful to them, but struggle to turn that knowledge into change. We will work together to explore your relationship with yourself, how it developed and how it is impacting your ability to live a fulfilled life.
(828) 548-4173 View (828) 548-4173
Photo of Jonny Pack, Licensed Professional Counselor in Asheville, NC
Jonny Pack
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28801
Defense mechanisms look like reactive behaviors, self-sabotaging, and avoidance. As frustrating as they can be, they’re necessary to keep us safe. Without them, our painful experiences would be overwhelming. It’s important to have skills that help you manage your feelings on a day to day basis. What I help with is working with your defense mechanisms to help uncover the sensitive feelings underneath. It’s helpful to give those some room to breathe. Developing a practice to check in with yourself will help them become more manageable. Overtime, you’ll notice yourself acting from your strengths, rather than protecting your weaknesses.
Defense mechanisms look like reactive behaviors, self-sabotaging, and avoidance. As frustrating as they can be, they’re necessary to keep us safe. Without them, our painful experiences would be overwhelming. It’s important to have skills that help you manage your feelings on a day to day basis. What I help with is working with your defense mechanisms to help uncover the sensitive feelings underneath. It’s helpful to give those some room to breathe. Developing a practice to check in with yourself will help them become more manageable. Overtime, you’ll notice yourself acting from your strengths, rather than protecting your weaknesses.
(828) 622-4724 View (828) 622-4724
Photo of Nicole Hardy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Nicole Hardy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSS
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28806
My work with clients focuses on understanding somatic experiences and how our bodies continue to hold onto stressors and traumas. I strive to collaboratively explore what lies beneath the present moment experience and undercover ways that the mind and body are connected to fuel both emotional and physical pain. In my experience, the use of skills in the short-term can decrease immediate pain and open the door to a deeper exploration of what we all need to lead more authentically engaged lives. Through the use of attachment and connection, I work with clients to shift patterns and build the life they want.
My work with clients focuses on understanding somatic experiences and how our bodies continue to hold onto stressors and traumas. I strive to collaboratively explore what lies beneath the present moment experience and undercover ways that the mind and body are connected to fuel both emotional and physical pain. In my experience, the use of skills in the short-term can decrease immediate pain and open the door to a deeper exploration of what we all need to lead more authentically engaged lives. Through the use of attachment and connection, I work with clients to shift patterns and build the life they want.
(828) 949-0796 View (828) 949-0796
Photo of Dr. Dan Sneider | Growth And Gratitude Pllc, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Dr. Dan Sneider | Growth And Gratitude Pllc
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, EdD
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28803  (Online Only)
Online Therapy for Couples and Adults with proven results for more than 10 years. Learn coping skills for anxiety to calm your racing thoughts, improve your relationships, and sleep better. You want to increase intimacy with your partner, don't you? Call me today! I have been professionally providing therapy since 2008 and use the most effective techniques to help relationships like yours improve and change. We will use a secure video conference so that you are in the comfort of your own home while we talk. This is a safe space where we will practice skills to enhance the quality and connectedness of your relationships.
Online Therapy for Couples and Adults with proven results for more than 10 years. Learn coping skills for anxiety to calm your racing thoughts, improve your relationships, and sleep better. You want to increase intimacy with your partner, don't you? Call me today! I have been professionally providing therapy since 2008 and use the most effective techniques to help relationships like yours improve and change. We will use a secure video conference so that you are in the comfort of your own home while we talk. This is a safe space where we will practice skills to enhance the quality and connectedness of your relationships.
(828) 266-0380 View (828) 266-0380
Photo of John Magee, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Asheville, NC
John Magee
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LCAS
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28801
I believe that most people have the answers within themselves to work through their own problems - my role is to guide you. I have experience helping people who are struggling with anxiety and depression, or who are numbing out through substance use. My clients are often working through life transitions and other challenging situations, such as relationship issues, grief, or chronic pain. Perhaps you have not been handling your emotions very well. You may even feel hopeless, or unsure how to articulate what you are feeling. Therapy is a collaborative journey to a more healthy state of mind.
I believe that most people have the answers within themselves to work through their own problems - my role is to guide you. I have experience helping people who are struggling with anxiety and depression, or who are numbing out through substance use. My clients are often working through life transitions and other challenging situations, such as relationship issues, grief, or chronic pain. Perhaps you have not been handling your emotions very well. You may even feel hopeless, or unsure how to articulate what you are feeling. Therapy is a collaborative journey to a more healthy state of mind.
(828) 547-4272 View (828) 547-4272
Photo of Steven Gold, Psychologist in Asheville, NC
Steven Gold
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28801  (Online Only)
I have 45 years experience as a therapist, teacher, and researcher. At the Center for the Advancement for Human Potential I work primarily with adults, couples, and senior citizens. In therapy I encourage clients to consider changes in their thinking, behavior, and lifestyle in order to resolve problems and enhance their emotional and physical health. I enjoy running with my dogs and riding my horses.
I have 45 years experience as a therapist, teacher, and researcher. At the Center for the Advancement for Human Potential I work primarily with adults, couples, and senior citizens. In therapy I encourage clients to consider changes in their thinking, behavior, and lifestyle in order to resolve problems and enhance their emotional and physical health. I enjoy running with my dogs and riding my horses.
(828) 348-0224 x1003 View (828) 348-0224 x1003
Photo of Claire Whigham, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Claire Whigham
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-A
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28801
I’m guided by my belief in the eternal worth and inherent wisdom of each person. Each individual is the expert of their own experience, and, within each of us, lies an immense power for self-healing. My therapeutic style can be described as warm, collaborative, and experiential. I view my role in this process as a facilitator, working alongside individuals as they reflect upon their experiences, broaden their awareness, and investigate ongoing behavioral patterns. Together, we may begin to freely explore prevailing paradigms and construct a more personalized path forward.
I’m guided by my belief in the eternal worth and inherent wisdom of each person. Each individual is the expert of their own experience, and, within each of us, lies an immense power for self-healing. My therapeutic style can be described as warm, collaborative, and experiential. I view my role in this process as a facilitator, working alongside individuals as they reflect upon their experiences, broaden their awareness, and investigate ongoing behavioral patterns. Together, we may begin to freely explore prevailing paradigms and construct a more personalized path forward.
(828) 548-4178 View (828) 548-4178
Photo of Grace Parsley, Counselor in Asheville, NC
Grace Parsley
Counselor, MS, LCMHC-A, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28801
Waitlist for new clients
I’ve always found that authenticity is the only path to true connection. For those wanting support in transition(s), processing loss or trauma, living with chronic illness/disability, or simply unable to find your way forward; You deserve a counselor who will see you as a person first, not defined by your struggles but someone deserving of validation, support, and care. I pay close attention to the systems in which you are surrounded, the relationships that factor in your wellness, how the past informs the present, and the strengths you have within yourself to make a meaningful life.
I’ve always found that authenticity is the only path to true connection. For those wanting support in transition(s), processing loss or trauma, living with chronic illness/disability, or simply unable to find your way forward; You deserve a counselor who will see you as a person first, not defined by your struggles but someone deserving of validation, support, and care. I pay close attention to the systems in which you are surrounded, the relationships that factor in your wellness, how the past informs the present, and the strengths you have within yourself to make a meaningful life.
(828) 547-9064 View (828) 547-9064
Photo of Clare Bolton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Asheville, NC
Clare Bolton
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28801
Are you wondering if you may be autistic or ADHD, or maybe you’ve just received a diagnosis. Perhaps you've known all your life and are now on a journey of healing and discovery, looking to become the most authentic version of self. Does it often feel like you're trying to be someone you’re not, just to appease those around you? When you are not living in alignment with who you are at your core, you can face so many more obstacles to contentment. You may be experiencing burnout, anxiety, depression, or simply a lack of joy. Reconnecting to your deepest and most authentic self can reconnect you to life and create a path to healing.
Are you wondering if you may be autistic or ADHD, or maybe you’ve just received a diagnosis. Perhaps you've known all your life and are now on a journey of healing and discovery, looking to become the most authentic version of self. Does it often feel like you're trying to be someone you’re not, just to appease those around you? When you are not living in alignment with who you are at your core, you can face so many more obstacles to contentment. You may be experiencing burnout, anxiety, depression, or simply a lack of joy. Reconnecting to your deepest and most authentic self can reconnect you to life and create a path to healing.
(828) 520-2459 View (828) 520-2459
Photo of Michelle Durpetti, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Michelle Durpetti, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28806
Life is a journey that often throws us many obstacles and roadblocks along the way. My goal is to help you figure out how to best navigate your journey that is both healthy and productive. I have over 20 years experience in the field with emphasis that last 10 years in treating depression, anxiety, relationship issues and trauma. Most of us need to make the time and commitment to moving forward with our goals in life. It is true, the best decisions in life are often the hardest, I will support and guide you through your journey.
Life is a journey that often throws us many obstacles and roadblocks along the way. My goal is to help you figure out how to best navigate your journey that is both healthy and productive. I have over 20 years experience in the field with emphasis that last 10 years in treating depression, anxiety, relationship issues and trauma. Most of us need to make the time and commitment to moving forward with our goals in life. It is true, the best decisions in life are often the hardest, I will support and guide you through your journey.
(331) 256-1870 View (331) 256-1870
Photo of Shannon Worley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Shannon Worley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, Lisw-CP
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28803
You want something to change. You feel overwhelmed. Anxiety and stress keep growing daily and you wonder if you will ever be able to understand what is going on inside of you. Perhaps the shame and/or guilt of not doing or being enough just won't go away. You may feel like you never have time for yourself anymore. There may be feelings of sadness around a loss of a person, place, relationship or dream. It's possible you keep thinking that some things in your past you just can't let go of. All of this may be creating difficulties in your relationships and you don't know what else to do anymore. You just want something to change.
You want something to change. You feel overwhelmed. Anxiety and stress keep growing daily and you wonder if you will ever be able to understand what is going on inside of you. Perhaps the shame and/or guilt of not doing or being enough just won't go away. You may feel like you never have time for yourself anymore. There may be feelings of sadness around a loss of a person, place, relationship or dream. It's possible you keep thinking that some things in your past you just can't let go of. All of this may be creating difficulties in your relationships and you don't know what else to do anymore. You just want something to change.
(828) 481-8463 View (828) 481-8463
Photo of Megan Piscitelle, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Megan Piscitelle
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWA, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28816  (Online Only)
Welcome! I'm so glad you made it here. Taking the first step in seeking out a therapist can be scary and overwhelming. As a non-binary, neurodivergent therapist, I provide an affirming space that allows my clients to accept all parts of themselves and celebrate their identities. I specialize in working with young adults, including college students and young professionals, who are queer-identified and/or neurodivergent.
Welcome! I'm so glad you made it here. Taking the first step in seeking out a therapist can be scary and overwhelming. As a non-binary, neurodivergent therapist, I provide an affirming space that allows my clients to accept all parts of themselves and celebrate their identities. I specialize in working with young adults, including college students and young professionals, who are queer-identified and/or neurodivergent.
(828) 532-2836 View (828) 532-2836
Photo of Chris Mulchay, Psychologist in Asheville, NC
Chris Mulchay
Psychologist, MA, MS, PhD
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28801
We are booking intakes within 2 weeks! At Asheville Testing, we specialize in conducting three different types of evaluations: 1) Advanced ADHD Assessments, 2) learning disability or gifted evals, and 3) custodial evaluations. When evaluating ADHD, dyslexia or other learning challenges, we use neuropsychological tests that measure the building blocks of memory, learning, and self-regulation.
We are booking intakes within 2 weeks! At Asheville Testing, we specialize in conducting three different types of evaluations: 1) Advanced ADHD Assessments, 2) learning disability or gifted evals, and 3) custodial evaluations. When evaluating ADHD, dyslexia or other learning challenges, we use neuropsychological tests that measure the building blocks of memory, learning, and self-regulation.
(828) 743-8947 View (828) 743-8947
Photo of Pam Robertson Lessig, Licensed Professional Counselor in Asheville, NC
Pam Robertson Lessig
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCMHC, MA, MBA
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28803
I believe most change occurs in trusted relationships where one feels valued and heard. By offering support, encouragement, and affirmation, l hope to create a safe and compassionate place where we can explore those family dynamics, life issues and personal choices that make up your life story. By uncovering faulty thinking that results in damaging patterns of relating, you will better understand who you are and who you want to become. We will explore ways to make changes so you are not ruled by addictions. Together, we will come up with strategies so that you may make the necessary changes to experience growth and healing.
I believe most change occurs in trusted relationships where one feels valued and heard. By offering support, encouragement, and affirmation, l hope to create a safe and compassionate place where we can explore those family dynamics, life issues and personal choices that make up your life story. By uncovering faulty thinking that results in damaging patterns of relating, you will better understand who you are and who you want to become. We will explore ways to make changes so you are not ruled by addictions. Together, we will come up with strategies so that you may make the necessary changes to experience growth and healing.
(828) 536-4221 View (828) 536-4221
Photo of Bryan Michalowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Bryan Michalowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSWA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28801
I am particularly passionate about serving individuals in the neurodivergent, BIPOC, and/or LGBTQIA+ communities. As a member of all three communities, I know that these three identities often intersect to affect our mental health, most often in a negative way. I want to help my clients understand the many different ways in which they intersect and take steps to use those intersections to their advantage.
I am particularly passionate about serving individuals in the neurodivergent, BIPOC, and/or LGBTQIA+ communities. As a member of all three communities, I know that these three identities often intersect to affect our mental health, most often in a negative way. I want to help my clients understand the many different ways in which they intersect and take steps to use those intersections to their advantage.
(828) 360-9483 View (828) 360-9483
Photo of Dr. Katherine Hyde Hensley, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Asheville, NC
Dr. Katherine Hyde Hensley
Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, PsyD, LCMHC, PMH-C, LCAS
Verified Verified
Asheville, NC 28801
As a maternal-infant mental health psychologist, I'm a pioneer of healing and advocacy for instances of birth and death trauma. It's not within my power to erase your grief, but I can accompany you, offering you the support needed to navigate your way toward healing. There's no 'right' path for personal growth; it's all about what suits you best. My role is to assist you in finding your equilibrium and determining your journey's pace to achieve balance.
As a maternal-infant mental health psychologist, I'm a pioneer of healing and advocacy for instances of birth and death trauma. It's not within my power to erase your grief, but I can accompany you, offering you the support needed to navigate your way toward healing. There's no 'right' path for personal growth; it's all about what suits you best. My role is to assist you in finding your equilibrium and determining your journey's pace to achieve balance.
(828) 771-6985 View (828) 771-6985
Photo of Corey Hinson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Asheville, NC
Corey Hinson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Asheville, NC 28806  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am a therapist & mediator. I work with couples & families struggling with chronic unresolved conflict & unhealthy communication in their relationship. Does anger & tension dominate your relationship? When you talk about tough stuff does it always end in a fight? Are you aching for understanding & to feel heard? Have you tried everything to solve the problem but nothing's worked? Are you looking for an unbiased professional who can facilitate a therapeutic & productive conversation that brings resolution so everyone can move on? You're in the right place.
Welcome! I am a therapist & mediator. I work with couples & families struggling with chronic unresolved conflict & unhealthy communication in their relationship. Does anger & tension dominate your relationship? When you talk about tough stuff does it always end in a fight? Are you aching for understanding & to feel heard? Have you tried everything to solve the problem but nothing's worked? Are you looking for an unbiased professional who can facilitate a therapeutic & productive conversation that brings resolution so everyone can move on? You're in the right place.
(828) 385-5531 View (828) 385-5531

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Asheville, NC

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Asheville, NC who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
78% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
70% Aetna
50% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Asheville, NC see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary

FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Asheville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.