Hypnotherapists in Pittsburgh, PA

Photo of Elizabeth Cessna, MS, NBCCH
Elizabeth Cessna
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
People receive hypnotherapy services for a variety of reasons.
Elizabeth Cessna practices "Ericksonian Hypnotherapy" which is a safe and practical clinical treatment. This gentle treatment is positively oriented, future focused and non judgmental.. All hypnotherapy sessions are positive and future oriented rather focusing on past negative experiences. She also specializes helping people cope with the stress of INFERTILITY.
People receive hypnotherapy services for a variety of reasons.
Elizabeth Cessna practices "Ericksonian Hypnotherapy" which is a safe and practical clinical treatment. This gentle treatment is positively oriented, future focused and non judgmental.. All hypnotherapy sessions are positive and future oriented rather focusing on past negative experiences. She also specializes helping people cope with the stress of INFERTILITY.
(412) 307-4975 View (412) 307-4975
Photo of Ivan L Lambert, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACHT
Ivan L Lambert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ACHT
Pittsburgh, PA 15202
Using hypnotherapy we can go back, undo and re-make those negative experiences that have gotten in the way of living from your 'Real Self'.
I provide a Wellness approach focusing improving quality of life, and working through the emotional blocks that stop emotional & spiritual growth. I bring almost 40 plus years of experience towards a large variety of life issues. Using Heart-Centered therapies - working a soul level, informed by Positive Psychology/Clean Language, I help clients tap into resources found deep within that strive to surface for resolution, wholeness and health.
Using hypnotherapy we can go back, undo and re-make those negative experiences that have gotten in the way of living from your 'Real Self'.
I provide a Wellness approach focusing improving quality of life, and working through the emotional blocks that stop emotional & spiritual growth. I bring almost 40 plus years of experience towards a large variety of life issues. Using Heart-Centered therapies - working a soul level, informed by Positive Psychology/Clean Language, I help clients tap into resources found deep within that strive to surface for resolution, wholeness and health.
(412) 567-3961 View (412) 567-3961
Photo of Stephanie M. Vargo, MA, BA
Stephanie M. Vargo
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15218
I am trained in Ericksonian Hypnotherapy, existential therapy, solution focused and brief therapy, psychophysical approaches, and psychodynamic methods.
I offer experience, compassion and respect to all clients. I have over 35 years experience as a psychotherapist specializing in existentialism, philosophy, Ericksonian hypnosis, the treatment of addiction, trauma and loss. I am a Reiki Master and am trained in other mind/body/energy treatment modalities. I have taught existential/phenomenological philosophy and treatment classes. I specialize in mind/body work and can teach you to manage stress, increase awareness, gain confidence and overcome obstacles in your life. I have a gentle and powerful demeanor that increases energy and motivation. I offer a non-traditional approach.
I am trained in Ericksonian Hypnotherapy, existential therapy, solution focused and brief therapy, psychophysical approaches, and psychodynamic methods.
I offer experience, compassion and respect to all clients. I have over 35 years experience as a psychotherapist specializing in existentialism, philosophy, Ericksonian hypnosis, the treatment of addiction, trauma and loss. I am a Reiki Master and am trained in other mind/body/energy treatment modalities. I have taught existential/phenomenological philosophy and treatment classes. I specialize in mind/body work and can teach you to manage stress, increase awareness, gain confidence and overcome obstacles in your life. I have a gentle and powerful demeanor that increases energy and motivation. I offer a non-traditional approach.
(412) 253-4569 View (412) 253-4569
Photo of Jeanette Mtanos, Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Jeanette Mtanos
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
I offer virtual talk therapy and hypnotherapy focused on mindfulness and inner growth.
I believe in meeting you wherever you are in your journey. Whether you’re dealing with stress, anxiety, relationship challenges, or simply looking to cultivate a deeper connection with yourself, I’m here to help. My approach is warm, trauma-informed, and person-centered, tailored to encourage growth and positive transformation.
I offer virtual talk therapy and hypnotherapy focused on mindfulness and inner growth.
I believe in meeting you wherever you are in your journey. Whether you’re dealing with stress, anxiety, relationship challenges, or simply looking to cultivate a deeper connection with yourself, I’m here to help. My approach is warm, trauma-informed, and person-centered, tailored to encourage growth and positive transformation.
(267) 389-7884 View (267) 389-7884
Photo of Kristi Katuran, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kristi Katuran
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
Understanding that therapy isn’t a one-size-fits-all process, I draw from a variety of evidence-based modalities—including Psychotherapy, Hypnotherapy, and Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART)—to create a treatment plan tailored just for you.
Hi, I’m Kristi! As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am deeply passionate about helping individuals navigate their journey toward emotional well-being. I work with teens and adults across Pennsylvania and New Jersey who are facing challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, and spiritual concerns.
Understanding that therapy isn’t a one-size-fits-all process, I draw from a variety of evidence-based modalities—including Psychotherapy, Hypnotherapy, and Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART)—to create a treatment plan tailored just for you.
Hi, I’m Kristi! As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am deeply passionate about helping individuals navigate their journey toward emotional well-being. I work with teens and adults across Pennsylvania and New Jersey who are facing challenges such as stress, anxiety, depression, and spiritual concerns.
(267) 209-8982 View (267) 209-8982
Photo of Jennifer D. Matzner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer D. Matzner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Online Only
I utilize an ecclectic approach including CBT, DBT, ACT, hypnotherapy, and trauma informed treatment approaches.
Hi there! I know you may be feeling overwhelmed, in pain, can't focus, going through major life transitions, feeling down, and wanting to feel better. Making the time for you in therapy is a gift you give to yourself. You may want to feel free from emotional or physical pain, sleepless nights, and from recurring patterns of behavior and thought that are no longer working for you, and you may want someone to remind you of your personal strengths and resilience when others in your life are draining your energy. Finding that safe space to share your true feelings and goals can feel like a welcome break. Let your healing begin!
I utilize an ecclectic approach including CBT, DBT, ACT, hypnotherapy, and trauma informed treatment approaches.
Hi there! I know you may be feeling overwhelmed, in pain, can't focus, going through major life transitions, feeling down, and wanting to feel better. Making the time for you in therapy is a gift you give to yourself. You may want to feel free from emotional or physical pain, sleepless nights, and from recurring patterns of behavior and thought that are no longer working for you, and you may want someone to remind you of your personal strengths and resilience when others in your life are draining your energy. Finding that safe space to share your true feelings and goals can feel like a welcome break. Let your healing begin!
(484) 613-3152 View (484) 613-3152
Photo of Susan C Thompson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Susan C Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Serves Area
With over 30 years experience in the mental health profession, I have my Master's Degree from the University of Pittsburgh. I encourage mind and body health using techniques and therapies that are individualized to each client's needs. For your convenience, I accept clients at my office in Tarentum and Telehealth sessions. I work with adults, couples, children and seniors experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma and grief. Therapy will provide opportunities for growth and development in a safe and supportive environment using cognitive therapies as well as hypnotherapy.
With over 30 years experience in the mental health profession, I have my Master's Degree from the University of Pittsburgh. I encourage mind and body health using techniques and therapies that are individualized to each client's needs. For your convenience, I accept clients at my office in Tarentum and Telehealth sessions. I work with adults, couples, children and seniors experiencing depression, anxiety, relationship issues, trauma and grief. Therapy will provide opportunities for growth and development in a safe and supportive environment using cognitive therapies as well as hypnotherapy.
(724) 414-6639 View (724) 414-6639
Photo of Kimberly June, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMT, CST
Kimberly June
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMT, CST
Serves Area
I am a holistic psychotherapist, trained in medical hypnotherapy,EMDR, Energy Psychology (TFT/EFT), Family Constellation work, and energy and shamanic healing in private practice in Pittsburgh.
I have 20 years experience as a body-centered psychotherapist, and I am also a Licensed Massage Therapist. Many people find that therapeutic change is easier when they undergo somatically-oriented therapies that address tightness in the body, difficulty breathing deeply, difficulty relaxing and managing stress.
I am a holistic psychotherapist, trained in medical hypnotherapy,EMDR, Energy Psychology (TFT/EFT), Family Constellation work, and energy and shamanic healing in private practice in Pittsburgh.
I have 20 years experience as a body-centered psychotherapist, and I am also a Licensed Massage Therapist. Many people find that therapeutic change is easier when they undergo somatically-oriented therapies that address tightness in the body, difficulty breathing deeply, difficulty relaxing and managing stress.
(724) 359-0802 View (724) 359-0802
Photo of Dr. Shelly W Hanlon, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Dr. Shelly W Hanlon
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PsyD, LCSW
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
Hi, I'm Dr Shelly Hanlon. I'm a licensed and board certified clinician with over 30 years of experience. My approach to practicing psychotherapy is to first work collaboratively with you, on identifying and harnessing your innate strengths, and talents. Then together, we will work in a safe and comfortable setting to develop strategies and "life hacks," that will ensure therapeutic change and personal growth. By analyzing existing patterns, within the context of one's own life experience, we will develop a behavioral approach that will result in a greater sense of empowerment and the opportunity for life long success.
Hi, I'm Dr Shelly Hanlon. I'm a licensed and board certified clinician with over 30 years of experience. My approach to practicing psychotherapy is to first work collaboratively with you, on identifying and harnessing your innate strengths, and talents. Then together, we will work in a safe and comfortable setting to develop strategies and "life hacks," that will ensure therapeutic change and personal growth. By analyzing existing patterns, within the context of one's own life experience, we will develop a behavioral approach that will result in a greater sense of empowerment and the opportunity for life long success.
(878) 444-2969 View (878) 444-2969
Photo of Eric T. Berta - Eric Berta, LPC, NCC, CCH, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCH
Eric Berta, LPC, NCC, CCH
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CCH
Pittsburgh, PA 15222
"Before you diagnose yourself with depression or low self-esteem, make sure that you are not, in fact, just surrounded by a-holes." (William Gibson) We take on a lot of stress from those around us - at work, at home, from strangers, from spouses & kids. From rage & stress, to grief, through life-stagnation & confusion to betrayal and divorce, my clients tend to be articulate & very smart, and prefer a counselor who is a realist, not someone who re-hashes old techniques or spouts trendy remedies.
"Before you diagnose yourself with depression or low self-esteem, make sure that you are not, in fact, just surrounded by a-holes." (William Gibson) We take on a lot of stress from those around us - at work, at home, from strangers, from spouses & kids. From rage & stress, to grief, through life-stagnation & confusion to betrayal and divorce, my clients tend to be articulate & very smart, and prefer a counselor who is a realist, not someone who re-hashes old techniques or spouts trendy remedies.
(412) 888-0059 View (412) 888-0059
Photo of Kelli Stebler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Kelli Stebler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
5 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15237
Waitlist for new clients
Hi, my name is Kelli and I am a Pittsburgh native. My passion is helping people build insight, heal, grow, and proactively improve life using an integrative approach that combines a psychoanalytic, cognitive, emotional, and mindfulness-based process. I meet clients where they are at and guild them to where they would like to be. I want to empower my clients and advocate for them throughout the therapeutic process. At the end of the day, I feel that each person is the expert on their own self, and at different seasons in our lives, we all need extra support and validation.
Hi, my name is Kelli and I am a Pittsburgh native. My passion is helping people build insight, heal, grow, and proactively improve life using an integrative approach that combines a psychoanalytic, cognitive, emotional, and mindfulness-based process. I meet clients where they are at and guild them to where they would like to be. I want to empower my clients and advocate for them throughout the therapeutic process. At the end of the day, I feel that each person is the expert on their own self, and at different seasons in our lives, we all need extra support and validation.
(412) 618-2639 View (412) 618-2639
Photo of Renee J Jennings, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW, CHT
Renee J Jennings
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, MSW, LCSW, CHT
6 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
As a transpersonal, body and gestalt psychotherapist, EMDR Consultant, Comprehensive Energy Psychology practitioner, meditation teacher and hypnotherapist, I offer an embodied and integrated approach to therapy, coaching, consultation, and teaching. With 30+ years of training and experience in the healing and therapeutic arts, I provide compassionate, supportive, and nonjudgmental encouragement. My clients describe me as warm, insightful, gentle but direct, attuned, caring, and having a great sense of humor. Together, we will explore your emotions and challenges, clarify your goals, and empower you to make meaningful change.
As a transpersonal, body and gestalt psychotherapist, EMDR Consultant, Comprehensive Energy Psychology practitioner, meditation teacher and hypnotherapist, I offer an embodied and integrated approach to therapy, coaching, consultation, and teaching. With 30+ years of training and experience in the healing and therapeutic arts, I provide compassionate, supportive, and nonjudgmental encouragement. My clients describe me as warm, insightful, gentle but direct, attuned, caring, and having a great sense of humor. Together, we will explore your emotions and challenges, clarify your goals, and empower you to make meaningful change.
(412) 545-6036 View (412) 545-6036
Photo of Daniel Gruner, Psychologist, PhD
Daniel Gruner
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Waitlist for new clients
Many come to therapy to change patterns of relating to others and themselves that they feel no longer serve them. I believe that these patterns, hard as they may be now, likely played some important role for you in the past. Perhaps addictions, habits, or defenses met otherwise unmet needs in your life, but now have become limiting and compulsive. I see myself as your partner in a process of deep listening, a process which facilitates growth, healing, and new possibilities for relating to your self and others. Specialties and modalities include: Clinical Hypnosis, gender therapy, trauma, addictions. Also see my group therapy option.
Many come to therapy to change patterns of relating to others and themselves that they feel no longer serve them. I believe that these patterns, hard as they may be now, likely played some important role for you in the past. Perhaps addictions, habits, or defenses met otherwise unmet needs in your life, but now have become limiting and compulsive. I see myself as your partner in a process of deep listening, a process which facilitates growth, healing, and new possibilities for relating to your self and others. Specialties and modalities include: Clinical Hypnosis, gender therapy, trauma, addictions. Also see my group therapy option.
(412) 207-3740 View (412) 207-3740
Photo of Joseph S Auria, Psychologist, MA, MBA
Joseph S Auria
Psychologist, MA, MBA
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
I am a seasoned psychologist with significant experience counseling clients on career, addictions and family issues, in addition to depression, anxiety and general mental health problems. You can deal with issues of personal happiness and personal growth. We can create a dialogue about present situations and future plans.
I am a seasoned psychologist with significant experience counseling clients on career, addictions and family issues, in addition to depression, anxiety and general mental health problems. You can deal with issues of personal happiness and personal growth. We can create a dialogue about present situations and future plans.
(412) 228-0069 View (412) 228-0069
Photo of Maxine Kane - Vista Behavioral Health Associates, Psychologist
Vista Behavioral Health Associates
Psychologist
Online Only
Established in 1996, Vista Behavioral Health Associates is a multi-specialty mental health practice dedicated to helping adults, children, adolescents, couples and families. We offer a team approach for treatment with access to licensed, experienced professionals from multiple disciplines. We have 6 locations throughout Allegheny County. These include Oakland, Squirrel Hill, Wexford, South Hills, Pleasant Hills and Moon Township.
Established in 1996, Vista Behavioral Health Associates is a multi-specialty mental health practice dedicated to helping adults, children, adolescents, couples and families. We offer a team approach for treatment with access to licensed, experienced professionals from multiple disciplines. We have 6 locations throughout Allegheny County. These include Oakland, Squirrel Hill, Wexford, South Hills, Pleasant Hills and Moon Township.
(412) 641-7016 View (412) 641-7016
Photo of Dorothy Cashore, Psychologist, PhD
Dorothy Cashore
Psychologist, PhD
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Waitlist for new clients
I bring over a decade of experience to my practice, where I work with a wide range of struggles. I bring special expertise to self-image issues, trauma, and grief. As a holistic practitioner, I don’t limit my focus to treating symptoms or replacing behaviors. I work with body, spirit, heart, and gut, offering a space where you can step into a transformed relationship with yourself. My primary clinical influences are Gestalt therapy, Buddhist/mindfulness-based therapy, EMDR, and humanistic therapy. I've trained in many other approaches and am always interested in your thoughts about what kind of approach feels best.
I bring over a decade of experience to my practice, where I work with a wide range of struggles. I bring special expertise to self-image issues, trauma, and grief. As a holistic practitioner, I don’t limit my focus to treating symptoms or replacing behaviors. I work with body, spirit, heart, and gut, offering a space where you can step into a transformed relationship with yourself. My primary clinical influences are Gestalt therapy, Buddhist/mindfulness-based therapy, EMDR, and humanistic therapy. I've trained in many other approaches and am always interested in your thoughts about what kind of approach feels best.
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Photo of Linda Case, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Linda Case
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Are you struggling with stress that fuels anxiety, depression, or relationship conflicts? I understand how overwhelming these challenges can be, and I’m here to help. I offer a warm, safe space where you can explore your inner world, uncover limiting beliefs, and build new habits that empower you to live your best life. I integrate counseling, neuroscience, and epigenetics with mindfulness-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Energy Psychology (Psych-K), RTT Hypnosis, and Psychodynamic Therapy. In our sessions, you’ll gain practical tools, renewed hope, and clarity for lasting change.
Are you struggling with stress that fuels anxiety, depression, or relationship conflicts? I understand how overwhelming these challenges can be, and I’m here to help. I offer a warm, safe space where you can explore your inner world, uncover limiting beliefs, and build new habits that empower you to live your best life. I integrate counseling, neuroscience, and epigenetics with mindfulness-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Energy Psychology (Psych-K), RTT Hypnosis, and Psychodynamic Therapy. In our sessions, you’ll gain practical tools, renewed hope, and clarity for lasting change.
(267) 592-6957 View (267) 592-6957
Photo of Beth Cichoski - Portico Behavioral Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CSW, LCSW, CHT, CFMHE
Portico Behavioral Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, CSW, LCSW, CHT, CFMHE
Serves Area
I am experienced in providing psychotherapy to individuals, groups, families and couples with a wide range of focus areas including depression/anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, trauma, life transitions, workplace stress/burnout and relationship struggles. My ideal clients are those who are motivated to engage in the therapeutic process and are open to exploring their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a supportive environment.
I am experienced in providing psychotherapy to individuals, groups, families and couples with a wide range of focus areas including depression/anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, trauma, life transitions, workplace stress/burnout and relationship struggles. My ideal clients are those who are motivated to engage in the therapeutic process and are open to exploring their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a supportive environment.
(304) 459-2636 View (304) 459-2636
Photo of Michele Bertini, Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Michele Bertini
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Serves Area
Ready to shift in a positive way? It's one thing to talk about your problems and another to resolve them. I specialize in holistic approaches that focus on healing the root cause. As unresolved issues fester inside of you, they leave you feeling unhappy, unfulfilled, anxious or depressed. Over time these unresolved issues build up and form patterns of negative thinking and behaving that drain you and your joy for life. I believe we are hard-wired for joy at our core. My compassionate and nonjudgmental approach helps release the negativity that is blocking your joy and fulfillment.
Ready to shift in a positive way? It's one thing to talk about your problems and another to resolve them. I specialize in holistic approaches that focus on healing the root cause. As unresolved issues fester inside of you, they leave you feeling unhappy, unfulfilled, anxious or depressed. Over time these unresolved issues build up and form patterns of negative thinking and behaving that drain you and your joy for life. I believe we are hard-wired for joy at our core. My compassionate and nonjudgmental approach helps release the negativity that is blocking your joy and fulfillment.
(412) 203-8179 View (412) 203-8179
Photo of Leza Vivio, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CIMHP
Leza Vivio
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CIMHP
Online Only
Welcome to my corner of the therapeutic world, where self-awareness and choice are everything. My goal is to help you find your own personal truth so you can overcome obstacles preventing you from lasting growth and authentic living. To me, the therapeutic relationship is trusting and built on transparency. Our interactions will always be friendly in nature, but unlike your friend, I have no vested interest in the outcome of your issue and will not hesitate to offer you a loving challenge when you get stuck. I have been told that I am very easy to talk to, which makes getting to the work at hand more accessible and less timely.
Welcome to my corner of the therapeutic world, where self-awareness and choice are everything. My goal is to help you find your own personal truth so you can overcome obstacles preventing you from lasting growth and authentic living. To me, the therapeutic relationship is trusting and built on transparency. Our interactions will always be friendly in nature, but unlike your friend, I have no vested interest in the outcome of your issue and will not hesitate to offer you a loving challenge when you get stuck. I have been told that I am very easy to talk to, which makes getting to the work at hand more accessible and less timely.
(724) 607-8157 View (724) 607-8157

See more therapy options for Pittsburgh

HypnoTherapy

How does hypnotherapy work?

Hypnotherapy works by using guided hypnosis to help you reach a state of focus and concentration through mental imagery and soothing verbal repetition. The state is somewhat like being absorbed in a book, a movie, or your own thoughts. You are not under a therapist’s “control,” but they can help you relax and turn your attention inward to discover the resources to achieve behavior change or better manage psychological concerns. Therapy sessions may involve guiding you through recognizing a problem, releasing problematic thoughts about it, and considering and accepting more productive alternatives before returning to normal awareness. Hypnotherapy is typically used by a therapist along with traditional forms of talk therapy. Eventually, your therapist can help you learn hypnotherapy techniques yourself so you can establish a stronger sense of control on your own in stressful or challenging moments.

Is hypnotherapy the same as hypnosis?

Hypnotherapy, which is sometimes called hypnotic suggestion, is a therapeutic technique in which a therapist uses hypnosis to help patients. It is not the kind of hypnosis portrayed in stage shows, or in movies or on television. You will not be unconscious or asleep during hypnotherapy, you will not lose control of yourself, your thoughts, or your free will, and you will be able to fully recall your experience. And while you will hear your therapist’s suggestions, it is always up to you to decide whether to act on them. Hypnosis by a trained mental-health professional is not a form of mind control, which is impossible to achieve anyway.

Can everyone be hypnotized?

The most common challenge of hypnotherapy is that as many as one in four people cannot be hypnotized. Brain imaging has confirmed differences in patterns of brain connectivity between those who respond to hypnotism and those who do not. Other people who could potentially be hypnotized may not respond to the technique because of their skepticism or resistance to entering a hypnotic state. If a therapist’s “post-hypnotic suggestion” is effective, it’s because they are suggesting something you want to achieve.

Does hypnotherapy work?

Through hypnotherapy, you can achieve changes that are real and sustainable. Like other talk therapy techniques, when hypnotherapy succeeds, it’s a case of mind over matter. Effective hypnotherapy involves self-healing because you access resources you need to change inside of yourself and learn how to tap into them whenever you need. Hypnotherapy has been shown to be an effective therapy for anxiety, phobias, stress, panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder, sexual dysfunction, and undesirable behaviors like smoking. It can be used to help improve sleep or to address relationship challenges, and to aid with pain management, digestive disorders, skin conditions, and the gastrointestinal side effects of pregnancy or chemotherapy.