Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Nadia Glombovsky, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Nadia Glombovsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Living with constant anxiety, worry, or harsh self-judgment can be exhausting. You might spend hours caught in your thoughts – replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions, or imagining everything that could go wrong. You might also find yourself avoiding things that matter, feeling disconnected from the people and activities you care about, or struggling to navigate changes and challenges in life. Starting therapy often comes with a mix of hope and uncertainty – and that’s completely normal.
Living with constant anxiety, worry, or harsh self-judgment can be exhausting. You might spend hours caught in your thoughts – replaying conversations, second-guessing decisions, or imagining everything that could go wrong. You might also find yourself avoiding things that matter, feeling disconnected from the people and activities you care about, or struggling to navigate changes and challenges in life. Starting therapy often comes with a mix of hope and uncertainty – and that’s completely normal.
(215) 712-8959 View (215) 712-8959
Photo of Molly E McCoy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Molly E McCoy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I help clients navigate mood disorders, anxiety, grief, chronic illness, stress, trauma, substance use, and other life challenges. I also work with individuals looking to enhance their performance (career, academic, athletic, etc). I am an LGBTQ+ Allied therapist and I also love working with the international community. I embrace clients from diverse backgrounds and faith traditions, and try to help clients find meaning from life's trials. I honor clients' unique stories and help them to build resilience and coping skills for the journey ahead.
I help clients navigate mood disorders, anxiety, grief, chronic illness, stress, trauma, substance use, and other life challenges. I also work with individuals looking to enhance their performance (career, academic, athletic, etc). I am an LGBTQ+ Allied therapist and I also love working with the international community. I embrace clients from diverse backgrounds and faith traditions, and try to help clients find meaning from life's trials. I honor clients' unique stories and help them to build resilience and coping skills for the journey ahead.
(267) 848-8662 View (267) 848-8662
Photo of Dr. Julie Woulfe, Psychologist, PhD
Dr. Julie Woulfe
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
I have worked in higher education settings as a clinician and supervisor, and have expertise in guiding emerging adults through the transition to college and the particular challenges of navigating their mental health through college. I have advanced training in trauma-informed and trauma-focused treatment. I also have expertise and am engaged in research on LGBTQIA+ health, including promoting wellness for bisexual, queer, and pansexual people and transgender, non-binary, gender-expansive people.
I have worked in higher education settings as a clinician and supervisor, and have expertise in guiding emerging adults through the transition to college and the particular challenges of navigating their mental health through college. I have advanced training in trauma-informed and trauma-focused treatment. I also have expertise and am engaged in research on LGBTQIA+ health, including promoting wellness for bisexual, queer, and pansexual people and transgender, non-binary, gender-expansive people.
(844) 287-4228 View (844) 287-4228
Photo of Joel Kahn, MD
Joel Kahn
Verified Verified
Online Only
Struggling with weight, chronic pain, insomnia, stress, Covid fatigue, professional burnout, unhealthy habits and anxiety? Are you tired of feeling that clinicians don’t really understand your issues and provide little support? I empower people to take back control of their lives when dealing with seemingly insurmountable problems that most clinicians just throw drugs at. My goals are to help guide you through a process of self-discovery and then active participation in changing your life.
Struggling with weight, chronic pain, insomnia, stress, Covid fatigue, professional burnout, unhealthy habits and anxiety? Are you tired of feeling that clinicians don’t really understand your issues and provide little support? I empower people to take back control of their lives when dealing with seemingly insurmountable problems that most clinicians just throw drugs at. My goals are to help guide you through a process of self-discovery and then active participation in changing your life.
(267) 508-7974 View (267) 508-7974
Photo of Rachel Braun, Art Therapist, LPC, ATR-BC
Rachel Braun
Art Therapist, LPC, ATR-BC
Philadelphia, PA 19144
Do you ever feel stuck in some way, shut down or perhaps overly agitated? Are there times when past experiences seem to unexpectedly bubble up and disrupt the present? I specialize in working with women who experience anxiety, depression and any history of trauma. Self-protection might show up as people-pleasing behavior, avoidance, justification and even disordered eating. I will help you engage in the creative process to explore underlying issues and reveal hidden strengths. Therapy can lead to self-compassion and acceptance, renewed energy, more satisfying connections, and an ability to thrive in both work and home environments.
Do you ever feel stuck in some way, shut down or perhaps overly agitated? Are there times when past experiences seem to unexpectedly bubble up and disrupt the present? I specialize in working with women who experience anxiety, depression and any history of trauma. Self-protection might show up as people-pleasing behavior, avoidance, justification and even disordered eating. I will help you engage in the creative process to explore underlying issues and reveal hidden strengths. Therapy can lead to self-compassion and acceptance, renewed energy, more satisfying connections, and an ability to thrive in both work and home environments.
(215) 791-8077 View (215) 791-8077
Photo of Aaron Curtin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, ACM-SW
Aaron Curtin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW, ACM-SW
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Waitlist for new clients
I specialize in working with individuals navigating complex emotional and relational challenges, including substance use, personality disorders, suicidality, self-harm, depression, and chronic relapse. I’m particularly committed to supporting LGBTQIA+ communities and those seeking to understand the deeper patterns shaping their relationships, emotions, and sense of self.
I specialize in working with individuals navigating complex emotional and relational challenges, including substance use, personality disorders, suicidality, self-harm, depression, and chronic relapse. I’m particularly committed to supporting LGBTQIA+ communities and those seeking to understand the deeper patterns shaping their relationships, emotions, and sense of self.
(267) 651-9287 View (267) 651-9287
Photo of Kara L Kosiorowski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Kara L Kosiorowski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
1 Endorsed
Online Only
A dream client isn't someone who's perfectly put-together or problem-free. Instead, they bring a willingness to engage in the therapeutic process. They are open to exploring their thoughts and feelings, even the uncomfortable ones, and are curious about gaining self-awareness. They understand that therapy is a collaborative effort and are willing to actively participate, both in sessions and by reflecting on their experiences outside of therapy. While they may struggle and have setbacks, they are committed to the process of growth and are willing to be vulnerable. Ultimately, a dream client is someone who shows up authentically
A dream client isn't someone who's perfectly put-together or problem-free. Instead, they bring a willingness to engage in the therapeutic process. They are open to exploring their thoughts and feelings, even the uncomfortable ones, and are curious about gaining self-awareness. They understand that therapy is a collaborative effort and are willing to actively participate, both in sessions and by reflecting on their experiences outside of therapy. While they may struggle and have setbacks, they are committed to the process of growth and are willing to be vulnerable. Ultimately, a dream client is someone who shows up authentically
(215) 774-2646 View (215) 774-2646
Photo of Gina Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Gina Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Philadelphia, PA 19104
Many of us long for deeper connection—with ourselves, with others, and within the broader communities and worlds we inhabit. Therapy can be a space to explore what constrains us, and to forge new pathways toward closeness and belonging. My style is warm, thoughtful, and collaborative. Together we'll notice patterns that limit your sense of safety and trust, so that you can live a life of more intimacy, freedom, and joy.
Many of us long for deeper connection—with ourselves, with others, and within the broader communities and worlds we inhabit. Therapy can be a space to explore what constrains us, and to forge new pathways toward closeness and belonging. My style is warm, thoughtful, and collaborative. Together we'll notice patterns that limit your sense of safety and trust, so that you can live a life of more intimacy, freedom, and joy.
(215) 598-6514 View (215) 598-6514
Photo of Danielle Bourgeon, Associate Professional Counselor, MS, LAPC, CRC, NCC
Danielle Bourgeon
Associate Professional Counselor, MS, LAPC, CRC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
You're facing a lot right now: maybe it's trauma from a traumatic experience, or dealing with a chronic illness/pain, or caring for a loved one, or challenges with interpersonal relationships, or anxiety, or depression, or dealing with a challenging family that doesn't understand you. You want and deserve to be heard. Maybe you feel like you've tried everything else and feel overwhelmed and scared. Maybe you're feeling like something is wrong with you or you're broken or you don't matter or you'll never be good enough. Whatever you're feeling right now is real, and my goal is to work with you to figure out ways to obtain your goals.
You're facing a lot right now: maybe it's trauma from a traumatic experience, or dealing with a chronic illness/pain, or caring for a loved one, or challenges with interpersonal relationships, or anxiety, or depression, or dealing with a challenging family that doesn't understand you. You want and deserve to be heard. Maybe you feel like you've tried everything else and feel overwhelmed and scared. Maybe you're feeling like something is wrong with you or you're broken or you don't matter or you'll never be good enough. Whatever you're feeling right now is real, and my goal is to work with you to figure out ways to obtain your goals.
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Photo of Danna Bodenheimer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DSW
Danna Bodenheimer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, DSW
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I believe in the healing power of psychotherapy. I understand that the process might be a long one. If I take on a client, I am in it for the entire journey. Whether you facing questions about your relationship or your life path, psychotherapy can lead you towards authentic answers. I am able to use myself, along with the therapeutic relationship to allow you to find ways to live more fully. I am comfortable working to help you access the parts of yourself that feel both scary and powerful. I find that I am particularly skilled at working at the intersection of neurodivergence and queerness.
I believe in the healing power of psychotherapy. I understand that the process might be a long one. If I take on a client, I am in it for the entire journey. Whether you facing questions about your relationship or your life path, psychotherapy can lead you towards authentic answers. I am able to use myself, along with the therapeutic relationship to allow you to find ways to live more fully. I am comfortable working to help you access the parts of yourself that feel both scary and powerful. I find that I am particularly skilled at working at the intersection of neurodivergence and queerness.
(215) 839-1137 View (215) 839-1137
Photo of Jane Markowitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jane Markowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19106
My work centers on helping individuals and couples connect more deeply with their emotions and with each other. If you’re struggling in your relationships—whether with friends, romantic partners, colleagues, family members, or even yourself—you’ve come to the right place. I’m deeply passionate about helping people build deeper, healthier, & more fulfilling connections. I bring experience working with a diverse range of individuals and couples, including those navigating queer and trans identity development, low self-esteem, sexual identity exploration, family dynamics, & life transitions.
My work centers on helping individuals and couples connect more deeply with their emotions and with each other. If you’re struggling in your relationships—whether with friends, romantic partners, colleagues, family members, or even yourself—you’ve come to the right place. I’m deeply passionate about helping people build deeper, healthier, & more fulfilling connections. I bring experience working with a diverse range of individuals and couples, including those navigating queer and trans identity development, low self-esteem, sexual identity exploration, family dynamics, & life transitions.
(267) 762-1611 View (267) 762-1611
Photo of Melody McAlister, Marriage & Family Therapist
Melody McAlister
Marriage & Family Therapist
Online Only
I work with individuals, couples, and families seeking greater connection and safety in their relationships. I often support couples and families navigating life transitions, complex family-of-origin or blended family dynamics, and parenting challenges, all with the shared goal of strengthening connection and relational bonds. In my work with individuals, we explore family-of-origin experiences and attachment patterns to better understand how past relationships shape present ones. This process helps identify patterns that may no longer be serving you, creating space for insight, growth, and more intentional ways of relating.
I work with individuals, couples, and families seeking greater connection and safety in their relationships. I often support couples and families navigating life transitions, complex family-of-origin or blended family dynamics, and parenting challenges, all with the shared goal of strengthening connection and relational bonds. In my work with individuals, we explore family-of-origin experiences and attachment patterns to better understand how past relationships shape present ones. This process helps identify patterns that may no longer be serving you, creating space for insight, growth, and more intentional ways of relating.
(215) 273-3284 View (215) 273-3284
Photo of Louis Hewett, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Louis Hewett
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19110
Hi! I’m Louis! I specialize in grief counseling and mood disorders, as well as working with the LGBTQIA+ community, of which I am a part. I draw upon my varied background to provide an inclusive, accepting, and empathetic space for my clients. I have attained my Master of Arts in Counseling from Northwestern University. I am actively licensed in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and New York State.
Hi! I’m Louis! I specialize in grief counseling and mood disorders, as well as working with the LGBTQIA+ community, of which I am a part. I draw upon my varied background to provide an inclusive, accepting, and empathetic space for my clients. I have attained my Master of Arts in Counseling from Northwestern University. I am actively licensed in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and New York State.
(215) 234-1354 View (215) 234-1354
Photo of Eliot Hagerty, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Eliot Hagerty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19123
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I entered this field because of my own positive experiences in therapy, and I'm passionate about creating a space where you feel truly seen and supported. My approach is collaborative and flexible. I meet you where you are. I draw from CBT, DBT, EFT, ACT, attachment-based work, and inner child healing to create a plan that fits your unique needs. I bring warmth and genuine curiosity to our sessions, and I believe in the power of building a therapeutic relationship where you can explore what makes you authentically you.
I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I entered this field because of my own positive experiences in therapy, and I'm passionate about creating a space where you feel truly seen and supported. My approach is collaborative and flexible. I meet you where you are. I draw from CBT, DBT, EFT, ACT, attachment-based work, and inner child healing to create a plan that fits your unique needs. I bring warmth and genuine curiosity to our sessions, and I believe in the power of building a therapeutic relationship where you can explore what makes you authentically you.
(215) 709-6497 View (215) 709-6497
Photo of Michael T. Long, Psychologist, PsyD
Michael T. Long
Psychologist, PsyD
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Not accepting new clients
Hi! I’m glad you found your way to my profile — let’s help you connect with the support you’re looking for. My therapy approach centers empathy and collaboration, and focuses on building a trusting relationship where in-depth work and growth can happen. I offer a supportive and nonjudgemental environment while challenging you to self-reflect and look for patterns to get to the root of an issue. Together, we will work towards greater agency and self-awareness, a better understanding of the experiences that influence relationships to yourself and others, and the space to pursue your goals towards wellness and recovery.
Hi! I’m glad you found your way to my profile — let’s help you connect with the support you’re looking for. My therapy approach centers empathy and collaboration, and focuses on building a trusting relationship where in-depth work and growth can happen. I offer a supportive and nonjudgemental environment while challenging you to self-reflect and look for patterns to get to the root of an issue. Together, we will work towards greater agency and self-awareness, a better understanding of the experiences that influence relationships to yourself and others, and the space to pursue your goals towards wellness and recovery.
(215) 789-4418 View (215) 789-4418
Photo of Lo Drain, Pre-Licensed Professional, B.S., MFT
Lo Drain
Pre-Licensed Professional, B.S., MFT
5 Endorsed
Online Only
Are feeling stuck in patterns that no longer serve you? You might be looking to better understand yourself and your relationships or navigating changes in identity, love or family. Maybe negative self-beliefs are influencing your self-esteem and development in your relationships. I enjoy working with clients who want to explore how past experiences influence their present and are open to diving deeper into their personal narrative. My clients are often LGBTQ+ individuals, couples, and families who want to build stronger relationships and feel more at ease in who they are.
Are feeling stuck in patterns that no longer serve you? You might be looking to better understand yourself and your relationships or navigating changes in identity, love or family. Maybe negative self-beliefs are influencing your self-esteem and development in your relationships. I enjoy working with clients who want to explore how past experiences influence their present and are open to diving deeper into their personal narrative. My clients are often LGBTQ+ individuals, couples, and families who want to build stronger relationships and feel more at ease in who they are.
(267) 915-2012 View (267) 915-2012
Photo of Thomas Mitchell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Thomas Mitchell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Philadelphia, PA 19103
I’m a Licensed Social Worker with 2 years of experience providing therapy for adults and young adults navigating anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, and life transitions. Before becoming a therapist, I worked in healthcare communications, where I learned how stress and change affect people differently. I help clients who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of their next steps find clarity, resilience, and confidence through compassionate, goal-focused therapy.
I’m a Licensed Social Worker with 2 years of experience providing therapy for adults and young adults navigating anxiety, depression, trauma recovery, and life transitions. Before becoming a therapist, I worked in healthcare communications, where I learned how stress and change affect people differently. I help clients who feel stuck, overwhelmed, or unsure of their next steps find clarity, resilience, and confidence through compassionate, goal-focused therapy.
(267) 828-1668 View (267) 828-1668
Photo of Kelly Jude - Neutral Ground Inclusive Healing, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC, CRNP, PsyD
Neutral Ground Inclusive Healing
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC, CRNP, PsyD
Philadelphia, PA 19123
Our Collective: Neutral Ground. Inclusive Care. Radical Belonging. Where people from all backgrounds find comfort and welcome. We are an engaging and experienced group of providers who have dedicated their careers to inclusivity, racial and social justice. We strive to elevate the standard of care for all people. We believe that Radical Belonging is transformative. Our team utilizes evidenced-based practices that are the gold standard in quality treatment for behavrioal and mental health needs. Most importantly, you are treated as a member of our lively community.
Our Collective: Neutral Ground. Inclusive Care. Radical Belonging. Where people from all backgrounds find comfort and welcome. We are an engaging and experienced group of providers who have dedicated their careers to inclusivity, racial and social justice. We strive to elevate the standard of care for all people. We believe that Radical Belonging is transformative. Our team utilizes evidenced-based practices that are the gold standard in quality treatment for behavrioal and mental health needs. Most importantly, you are treated as a member of our lively community.
(215) 774-8587 View (215) 774-8587
Photo of Dr. Rachael Kerns, Psychologist, PsyD
Dr. Rachael Kerns
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19146
Today you are one step closer to a new you where you feel empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. As a psychologist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. Through collaboration, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
Today you are one step closer to a new you where you feel empowered and on a positive path to growth and well-being. As a psychologist, my goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we can't change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. Through collaboration, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(612) 223-6702 View (612) 223-6702
Photo of Martin Ward, Psychologist, PhD
Martin Ward
Psychologist, PhD
Online Only
It is important that you know I already believe in you. You are looking for someone who can help you, understand you, and work with you. I will work hard to create a space where you can talk openly, and make changes to feel better. You have strengths and abilities that we can build on. You have goals and hopes, even if you can’t put them into words yet. Whether you are looking to make a small change or a long, difficult change, I am prepared to support you. I look forward to welcoming you, hearing you, and working together to develop the life you want.
It is important that you know I already believe in you. You are looking for someone who can help you, understand you, and work with you. I will work hard to create a space where you can talk openly, and make changes to feel better. You have strengths and abilities that we can build on. You have goals and hopes, even if you can’t put them into words yet. Whether you are looking to make a small change or a long, difficult change, I am prepared to support you. I look forward to welcoming you, hearing you, and working together to develop the life you want.
(267) 861-3685 x1 View (267) 861-3685 x1

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
71% Self Esteem
70% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
61% Stress
59% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
69% Cigna and Evernorth
57% Highmark

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

52% Online Only
48% In Person and Online

Gender breakdown

76% Female
20% Male
4% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.