Therapists in Munhall, PA

Photo of Jennifer Koehler Fandray, Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, CRC, LPC
Jennifer Koehler Fandray
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, CRC, LPC
2 Endorsed
Munhall, PA 15120
Life can be stressful. Sometimes the demands of life are too much to handle on your own. I will work with you to accept and change what you can about your life. I have over 25 years of post-masters degree counseling experience, working in both the physical rehabilitation and counseling fields. Experienced in adjustment to disability counseling, grief therapy, life coaching, mental health counseling, teaching relaxation and mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy, and career counseling. I will work with you on your individual goals and devise a therapeutic plan. My goal is to help you achieve happiness in life!
Life can be stressful. Sometimes the demands of life are too much to handle on your own. I will work with you to accept and change what you can about your life. I have over 25 years of post-masters degree counseling experience, working in both the physical rehabilitation and counseling fields. Experienced in adjustment to disability counseling, grief therapy, life coaching, mental health counseling, teaching relaxation and mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy, and career counseling. I will work with you on your individual goals and devise a therapeutic plan. My goal is to help you achieve happiness in life!
(412) 376-4010 View (412) 376-4010
Photo of Joseph Marsh, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Joseph Marsh
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Online Only
“It’s always best to believe in one’s self, but a little help from others can be a great blessing!” I view each person as the main character in their book of life. Each book contains stories of joy, sadness, exploration, struggle, and most importantly: hope. My goal is to assist in exploring these stories, whether you encounter depression, anxiety, life transitions, relationship issues, intersectional struggles, or self-esteem issues. I am especially sensitive to those impacted by LGBTQ issues, religious minorities, activists, uniformed public servants, and those experiencing depression.
“It’s always best to believe in one’s self, but a little help from others can be a great blessing!” I view each person as the main character in their book of life. Each book contains stories of joy, sadness, exploration, struggle, and most importantly: hope. My goal is to assist in exploring these stories, whether you encounter depression, anxiety, life transitions, relationship issues, intersectional struggles, or self-esteem issues. I am especially sensitive to those impacted by LGBTQ issues, religious minorities, activists, uniformed public servants, and those experiencing depression.
(412) 226-4125 View (412) 226-4125
Photo of Alyssa Sullinger, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Alyssa Sullinger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Are you a millennial or Gen Z Christian woman struggling with anxiety in your relationships? You're not alone. My name is Alyssa, and I specialize in helping young women like you navigate the complexities of anxiety, attachment, and codependency through a unique blend of psychological principles and Christian faith. I also specialize in helping those suffering from religious trauma or who are looking to reconnect with their faith.
Are you a millennial or Gen Z Christian woman struggling with anxiety in your relationships? You're not alone. My name is Alyssa, and I specialize in helping young women like you navigate the complexities of anxiety, attachment, and codependency through a unique blend of psychological principles and Christian faith. I also specialize in helping those suffering from religious trauma or who are looking to reconnect with their faith.
(412) 900-9326 View (412) 900-9326
Photo of Kathleen D Hays, Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MS, CCTP, NCC, LPC
Kathleen D Hays
Licensed Professional Counselor, BA, MS, CCTP, NCC, LPC
2 Endorsed
Munhall, PA 15120
When stress, trauma, mental health disorders and life crises become too much to handle, we owe it to ourselves and to those we care about to get help. I provide hope and healing to individuals, couples and families through professional counseling and informative educational programs. Clients are empowered to achieve spiritual, emotional and physical well-being. I can help you to gain the skills to process through painful challenges and live a healthy, fulfilling life. I am committed to helping you become your best self!
When stress, trauma, mental health disorders and life crises become too much to handle, we owe it to ourselves and to those we care about to get help. I provide hope and healing to individuals, couples and families through professional counseling and informative educational programs. Clients are empowered to achieve spiritual, emotional and physical well-being. I can help you to gain the skills to process through painful challenges and live a healthy, fulfilling life. I am committed to helping you become your best self!
(412) 743-9894 View (412) 743-9894
Photo of Krystal Gibbs, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Krystal Gibbs
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Online Only
“To live is to suffer; to survive is to find meaning in the suffering.” – Nietzsche We cannot fully embrace joy without first understanding pain. Growth comes through struggle, and it is through growth that we uncover our truest selves. Whether you’re facing anxiety, depression, PTSD, or the everyday stressors of life—you can and will grow into a stronger, more resilient version of yourself. True healing begins with self-exploration and building mental toughness. Sometimes it’s our past experiences, family patterns, or current thoughts that hold us back from reaching our fullest potential. That’s where I come in.
“To live is to suffer; to survive is to find meaning in the suffering.” – Nietzsche We cannot fully embrace joy without first understanding pain. Growth comes through struggle, and it is through growth that we uncover our truest selves. Whether you’re facing anxiety, depression, PTSD, or the everyday stressors of life—you can and will grow into a stronger, more resilient version of yourself. True healing begins with self-exploration and building mental toughness. Sometimes it’s our past experiences, family patterns, or current thoughts that hold us back from reaching our fullest potential. That’s where I come in.
(412) 360-8586 View (412) 360-8586
Photo of Eletta Lee Cameron - Cameron's Counseling & Consulting Srvs., LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACSW
Cameron's Counseling & Consulting Srvs., LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, ACSW
Munhall, PA 15120
I provide individual, group/family and couples counseling. I offer consulting services to universities, schools, churches, health centers and organizations on topics related to Mental Health and Wellness in that particular setting. The goal is to help individuals as well as organizations create an environment conducive to optimal mental health and wellness functioning.
I provide individual, group/family and couples counseling. I offer consulting services to universities, schools, churches, health centers and organizations on topics related to Mental Health and Wellness in that particular setting. The goal is to help individuals as well as organizations create an environment conducive to optimal mental health and wellness functioning.
(878) 313-2253 View (878) 313-2253
Photo of Dolores A Justice, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Dolores A Justice
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Serves Area
I believe everyone has the need to be seen and heard- everyone has a story to tell. I can support you with finding and using your voice. Maybe you are questioning past or present decisions or have “unfinished business.” Feeling overwhelmed with sadness due to a death or loss of a relationship, pet, job, or health and feeling stuck and alone. Feeling anxious because of excessive worry- feeling frozen in fear. Maybe you realize the ways you try to cope no longer serve you. Together we can collaborate, identify ways for you to self-support and develop a plan to mobilize so that you can begin healing and live a more fulfilling life.
I believe everyone has the need to be seen and heard- everyone has a story to tell. I can support you with finding and using your voice. Maybe you are questioning past or present decisions or have “unfinished business.” Feeling overwhelmed with sadness due to a death or loss of a relationship, pet, job, or health and feeling stuck and alone. Feeling anxious because of excessive worry- feeling frozen in fear. Maybe you realize the ways you try to cope no longer serve you. Together we can collaborate, identify ways for you to self-support and develop a plan to mobilize so that you can begin healing and live a more fulfilling life.
(412) 324-6738 View (412) 324-6738
Photo of Dane R Franko, Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Dane R Franko
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
1 Endorsed
Serves Area
Do you feel like your isolated, stuck, out-of-control, depressed, anxious, having difficulty relating to others, drinking/using substances too much, or just lacking a sense of direction/purpose? Do you get the sense that the world is against you or that whatever you do it’s not enough? For 20 years, I have honed my style to support personal growth by helping individuals honor/understand his/her/their style as necessary for survival, while promoting development of newer/adaptive styles that enable meaningful relationships, enhanced self-confidence, meet challenges of aging, life-transitions, grief/loss, trauma, and anger management.
Do you feel like your isolated, stuck, out-of-control, depressed, anxious, having difficulty relating to others, drinking/using substances too much, or just lacking a sense of direction/purpose? Do you get the sense that the world is against you or that whatever you do it’s not enough? For 20 years, I have honed my style to support personal growth by helping individuals honor/understand his/her/their style as necessary for survival, while promoting development of newer/adaptive styles that enable meaningful relationships, enhanced self-confidence, meet challenges of aging, life-transitions, grief/loss, trauma, and anger management.
(412) 503-7551 View (412) 503-7551

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Jared Slodowick, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jared Slodowick
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Monroeville, PA 15146
I work with individuals who feel overwhelmed and are striving to achieve a greater sense of balance in their lives. Whether you're navigating a recent challenge or grappling with a long-standing issue, my goal is to help you gain clarity and develop effective tools to manage the thoughts and emotions contributing to your struggles. With extensive experience supporting teens, college students, and adults, I address concerns such as anxiety, ADHD symptoms, depression, self-esteem, and emotional regulation. I also assist with focus challenges, managing technology or internet use, and integrating mindfulness practices into daily life.
I work with individuals who feel overwhelmed and are striving to achieve a greater sense of balance in their lives. Whether you're navigating a recent challenge or grappling with a long-standing issue, my goal is to help you gain clarity and develop effective tools to manage the thoughts and emotions contributing to your struggles. With extensive experience supporting teens, college students, and adults, I address concerns such as anxiety, ADHD symptoms, depression, self-esteem, and emotional regulation. I also assist with focus challenges, managing technology or internet use, and integrating mindfulness practices into daily life.
(412) 743-8621 View (412) 743-8621
Photo of Joni Sturgill - Insight With Joni, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ERYT
Insight With Joni
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, ERYT
Wexford, PA 15090
My ideal client is someone looking to find more purpose and meaning in life, personally, professionally, or both. Perhaps you are facing challenging life circumstances, changes or transitions. You want to grow, but perhaps need help with motivation, or implementation. And maybe you struggle with some degree of anxiety or depression and are looking for coping practices to manage it.
My ideal client is someone looking to find more purpose and meaning in life, personally, professionally, or both. Perhaps you are facing challenging life circumstances, changes or transitions. You want to grow, but perhaps need help with motivation, or implementation. And maybe you struggle with some degree of anxiety or depression and are looking for coping practices to manage it.
(878) 348-8636 View (878) 348-8636
Photo of Sami Saghafi, Psychologist, PsyD
Sami Saghafi
Psychologist, PsyD
3 Endorsed
Online Only
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with the Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness (www.cbtmindful.com); I am licensed in both PA and NY. Tending to our mental health is an incredibly important part of taking care of our overall health. In therapy, I engage with clients to work toward meaningful behavior change by developing an individually tailored evidence-based approach that incorporates aspects of both mindfulness and acceptance. I also work with clients to gain a better understanding of their values and whether their current behaviors are aligned with those values.
I am a licensed clinical psychologist with the Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness (www.cbtmindful.com); I am licensed in both PA and NY. Tending to our mental health is an incredibly important part of taking care of our overall health. In therapy, I engage with clients to work toward meaningful behavior change by developing an individually tailored evidence-based approach that incorporates aspects of both mindfulness and acceptance. I also work with clients to gain a better understanding of their values and whether their current behaviors are aligned with those values.
(844) 287-4228 View (844) 287-4228
Photo of Courtney Stauffer, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFT
Courtney Stauffer
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MFT
1 Endorsed
Online Only
Are you ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth? I'm here to support you navigate relationship challenges and cultivate a deeper connection with yourself and partner(s). Whether you are facing a major life transition, seeking to rebuild your emotional or sexual intimacy, struggling with sexual dysfunction, or low desire, I understand your need for support and empowerment. You may be struggling with family conflict or past family dynamics that are impacting your relationships now. Together, we can create a positive change and help you feel more confident, fulfilled, and harmonious in your relationships.
Are you ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery and growth? I'm here to support you navigate relationship challenges and cultivate a deeper connection with yourself and partner(s). Whether you are facing a major life transition, seeking to rebuild your emotional or sexual intimacy, struggling with sexual dysfunction, or low desire, I understand your need for support and empowerment. You may be struggling with family conflict or past family dynamics that are impacting your relationships now. Together, we can create a positive change and help you feel more confident, fulfilled, and harmonious in your relationships.
(215) 618-9939 View (215) 618-9939
Kristina Grimm
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Wexford, PA 15090
Kristina is a clinical therapist with a wide range of experience over the past 10 years in the mental health field. Kristina received her undergraduate degree in Psychology at Penn State University and her Masters degree in Counseling at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Kristina has worked in psychiatric direct support, as well as community treatment over the past decade. She works with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, daily life balance concerns, school and job concerns, family and relationship concerns, and more. Kristina believes that talking to someone unbiased can be helpful to anyone!
Kristina is a clinical therapist with a wide range of experience over the past 10 years in the mental health field. Kristina received her undergraduate degree in Psychology at Penn State University and her Masters degree in Counseling at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Kristina has worked in psychiatric direct support, as well as community treatment over the past decade. She works with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, daily life balance concerns, school and job concerns, family and relationship concerns, and more. Kristina believes that talking to someone unbiased can be helpful to anyone!
(724) 414-3656 View (724) 414-3656
Photo of Sabira Uvaliyeva, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Sabira Uvaliyeva
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
2 Endorsed
Online Only
I have experience working with adults of all ages. I especially empathize with college students, international students and immigrants. Coming to the United States is a big transition and it could come with feelings of loneliness and lack of motivation. But you don't have to be alone going through this transition. We can go through it together. I want to help you learn and maintain healthy coping skills, identify the support systems and foster healthy relationships.
I have experience working with adults of all ages. I especially empathize with college students, international students and immigrants. Coming to the United States is a big transition and it could come with feelings of loneliness and lack of motivation. But you don't have to be alone going through this transition. We can go through it together. I want to help you learn and maintain healthy coping skills, identify the support systems and foster healthy relationships.
(215) 782-6354 View (215) 782-6354
Photo of Amanda Easter, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Amanda Easter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Online Only
Hi! I'm Amanda, LPC in Pennsylvania. I started my journey as a school counselor at a high school for 13 years and then transitioned into an outpatient facility. I enjoy working with teens, young adults, and adults as they navigate their lives. I love learning about and connecting with others. I help support individuals with adjusting to new situations, set boundaries, feel empowered, manage the demands of life, learn better coping and implement self-care. Together we can identify what's not working, explore thoughts, feelings, and core concerns, in order to create better balance.
Hi! I'm Amanda, LPC in Pennsylvania. I started my journey as a school counselor at a high school for 13 years and then transitioned into an outpatient facility. I enjoy working with teens, young adults, and adults as they navigate their lives. I love learning about and connecting with others. I help support individuals with adjusting to new situations, set boundaries, feel empowered, manage the demands of life, learn better coping and implement self-care. Together we can identify what's not working, explore thoughts, feelings, and core concerns, in order to create better balance.
(267) 612-2285 View (267) 612-2285
Photo of Shayla Kiczenski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW , MSW
Shayla Kiczenski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW , MSW
1 Endorsed
McMurray, PA 15317
Therapy takes an inner strength that often goes unnoticed. Motivation and willingness to challenge your status quo is a remarkable thing, because making change and sustaining it is simply hard! It only makes sense to seek guidance and support in this process. Whether you're seeking guidance through life's challenges or looking to deepen your understanding of yourself, I offer a compassionate and flexible approach to therapy that invites you to explore new possibilities and reach your full potential. For me, it’s a special privilege to be a part of that sacred journey and help it along.
Therapy takes an inner strength that often goes unnoticed. Motivation and willingness to challenge your status quo is a remarkable thing, because making change and sustaining it is simply hard! It only makes sense to seek guidance and support in this process. Whether you're seeking guidance through life's challenges or looking to deepen your understanding of yourself, I offer a compassionate and flexible approach to therapy that invites you to explore new possibilities and reach your full potential. For me, it’s a special privilege to be a part of that sacred journey and help it along.
(412) 923-0253 View (412) 923-0253
Photo of Hanna Lee, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Hanna Lee
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
I am a disabled and neurodivergent Korean-American art therapist and art educator with an extensive background in working with people of various ages and abilities. As an art therapist, I enjoy operating from eclectic frameworks that critically examine dominant ideologies while providing opportunities for dismantling systemic barriers and recontextualizing issues by examining how these norms shape self-concepts and realities, especially for those who do not identify with dominant cultures.
I am a disabled and neurodivergent Korean-American art therapist and art educator with an extensive background in working with people of various ages and abilities. As an art therapist, I enjoy operating from eclectic frameworks that critically examine dominant ideologies while providing opportunities for dismantling systemic barriers and recontextualizing issues by examining how these norms shape self-concepts and realities, especially for those who do not identify with dominant cultures.
(267) 356-5880 View (267) 356-5880
Photo of Jaclyn Harmon, Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Jaclyn Harmon
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Serves Area
I have over 15 years of experience supporting and guiding many people of all ages and abilities through difficult times. I mainly work with children and adolescents however I have also provided counseling to the adult population. My goal is to help you identify your problem, process, organize, and tackle it to achieve the desired outcome. I will be on your journey to finding peace and happiness in your life!
I have over 15 years of experience supporting and guiding many people of all ages and abilities through difficult times. I mainly work with children and adolescents however I have also provided counseling to the adult population. My goal is to help you identify your problem, process, organize, and tackle it to achieve the desired outcome. I will be on your journey to finding peace and happiness in your life!
(814) 637-4365 View (814) 637-4365
Photo of Jennifer Bare, Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Jennifer Bare
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
2 Endorsed
Online Only
Life can come with challenges that can leave you feeling overwhelmed, or uncertain about the path ahead. Do you experience anxiety, depression, trauma, loss of a sense of self, difficulty setting boundaries, shame, challenges with effective ways to communicate or grief? Are you navigating a life transition or facing relationship or family challenges that are impacting your well-being, motivation, sense of direction, or ability to experience emotions like happiness, contentment, or peace? You are not alone. Would you like some support in sorting through things, learning new skills, having insights and creating positive change?
Life can come with challenges that can leave you feeling overwhelmed, or uncertain about the path ahead. Do you experience anxiety, depression, trauma, loss of a sense of self, difficulty setting boundaries, shame, challenges with effective ways to communicate or grief? Are you navigating a life transition or facing relationship or family challenges that are impacting your well-being, motivation, sense of direction, or ability to experience emotions like happiness, contentment, or peace? You are not alone. Would you like some support in sorting through things, learning new skills, having insights and creating positive change?
(267) 540-9778 View (267) 540-9778
Photo of Melva Hartzog, Licensed Professional Counselor, M, Div, MA, LPC, NCC
Melva Hartzog
Licensed Professional Counselor, M, Div, MA, LPC, NCC
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power.OpenMind Wellness Counseling Services, LLC provides individual and group counseling to adults, including older adults. I believe in incorporating an integrative, holistic approach to wellness, acknowledging the role mind-body-spirit play in the healing process. Healing is also promoted through the development of psychosocial areas of life: career, emotional, social, and interpersonal. My therapeutic approach is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), including spiritually-integrated CBT. I am a multicultural competent counselor.
The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power.OpenMind Wellness Counseling Services, LLC provides individual and group counseling to adults, including older adults. I believe in incorporating an integrative, holistic approach to wellness, acknowledging the role mind-body-spirit play in the healing process. Healing is also promoted through the development of psychosocial areas of life: career, emotional, social, and interpersonal. My therapeutic approach is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), including spiritually-integrated CBT. I am a multicultural competent counselor.
(412) 312-4380 View (412) 312-4380

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Munhall, PA

< 10

Therapists in Munhall, PA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Self Esteem
88% Relationship Issues
88% Trauma and PTSD
75% Grief
75% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% Highmark
88% University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hea

How Therapists in Munhall, PA see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
25% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Munhall?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.